ny.pastureone.com
Wweramitsani

Mmene mungamere ndikukula anyezi "Golden Semko"

Chosakanizidwa choyambirira "Golden Semko F1" chimasiyana ndi mababu akuluakulu omwe amamera kuchokera ku mbewu kwa chaka chimodzi. Kuti apangidwe malonda awo ndi okwanira masiku makumi asanu ndi atatu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, masamba onse ali ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a nthawi zonse ndi olemera pafupifupi 100 g. Anthu ambiri amatcha ubwino wake waukulu kukolola kwakukulu ndi kupirira kukulitsa chikhalidwe. Tidzakambirana za momwe mukufesa anyezi awa kupitilira m'nkhaniyi.

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

"Semko Golden" ndi yosiyana ndi mitundu ina mwa fruiting yokhazikika, kukula bwino ndi kusunga khalidwe. Kunja, mababu ake amadziwika ndi woonda thupi, 2-3 kuwala golide youma mamba ndi yowutsa mudyo woyera mkati ndi lakuthwa, enieni kukoma.

Mukudziwa? Pa nthawi ya Hippocrates ndi Avicenna, anyezi ankatchedwa odwala ngati mankhwala ochizira, rheumatism ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
Wosakanizidwa kumadera akum'mwera amalimidwa ngati mbeu ya pachaka, ndipo nthawi yayitali ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri, mpiru zimakula kuchokera kumbewu kwa chaka chachiwiri. Olima amaluwa amadziwa kuti kuyambira nthawi yomwe mphukira ikuphulika kupita kumalo osungirako masamba a masamba amatha kuchokera ku 2.5 mpaka 3 miyezi. Panthawi imeneyi, anyezi amakula ndi 99%.

Mosasamala za nyengo, kuchokera pamtunda umodzi wa bedi mukhoza kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu 5 a mbewu. Zambirizi zimaposa anthu ambiri.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayendetsedwa bwino ndi dothi ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana, imamvetsera kwambiri mchere wolowa manja ndipo imakhala yosasamala matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo. Pakati yosungirako mpaka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, osapitirira 5% mwa mpiru zowonongeka zimatha kuwonongeka.

Mbali yosiyana ya zosiyanasiyana ndi nyenyezi yake yaying'ono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti "Golden Semko" si yoyenera kulima zomera, ndipo izi ndizovuta.

Zizindikiro za anyezi ndi zokolola

Mtengo wa mbewu ya anyezi "Golden Semko" ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa ya mitundu ina. Izi zimayenera osati kupirira ndi zokolola za wosakanizidwa. Ndipotu, n'kopindulitsa kukula kamera. Ndiye njere iliyonse imapereka phindu lalikulu.

Mukudziwa? Mababu ndi adyo mitu zinapezeka m'mipiramidi ya Aiguputo. Zomera zimenezi zinaperekedwa kwa afara omwe anamwalira kuti azisangalatsa mulungu wamkazi Isis. M'masiku amenewo, amakhulupirira kuti anthu wamba samaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphatso zaumulungu za chilengedwe.
Ambiri wamaluwa amafesa nyengo yozizira kuti alandire mphukira zaubwenzi kumapeto kwa nyengo. Ndiye zokolola zidzakhala zakale kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse komanso zowonjezereka. Amayi amasiye akudziwitsa kuti cholinga ichi chofesa 10% chodzala zakuthupi, chifukwa sizinthu zonse zomwe zidzakula muzovuta.

Dziwani kuti nyembazo zimapindulitsa chifukwa mababuwo amakula bwino pakati pa mwezi wa July. Choncho, kukolola kungayambe popanda kuyembekezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti ifike komwe ikupita. Ndiponso, "Golden Semko" ikhoza kukula kuchokera ku sevka. Imeneyi ndi njira yachiwiri kuti mupeze mababu akuluakulu.

Kawirikawiri, zowetazi zimakula masiku 80-90 mutabzala. Koma kumadera akum'mwera zokolola zifika mofulumira kuposa kumpoto. Koma khalidwe lake lidzakhala chimodzimodzi ndipo limangodalira chisamaliro.

Ngati mutasankha bedi pa dothi labwino labwino ndikupatsani chinyezi chokwanira, chomeracho chidzakuthokozani chifukwa cha zokolola zambiri. Malingana ndi wamaluwa omwe akhala akugwira kale ndi Semko wa golidi, ngakhale panthawi yovuta, anyezi amabala zipatso zokwana makilogalamu 3.5 pa mita imodzi. Mukamatsatira zofunikira za agrotechnical pakukula mbewu, chizindikiro ichi chingakule kufika 5 kg.

Mukudziwa? Anyezi ndiwo ndiwo ndiwo masamba ambiri padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi bungwe la UN, chikhalidwe chafalikira m'mayiko oposa 175, omwe ali pafupifupi katatu kuposa olemba dziko lonse - tirigu.

Kusankhidwa kwa kubzala zakuthupi

Kupambana kwa anyezi kulima, komanso zomera zina ndi munda wamaluwa, ndi 50% kudalira pa chisankho chodzala. Pankhaniyi, wosakanizidwa akhoza kukhazikika pofesa mbewu kapena kubzala mbande. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane zomwe Semko yagolide ndi yoyenera kubzala.

Mbewu

Ngati mukufuna mbewu yobzala masamba, ndiye chifukwa cha izi, sankhani mbewu za chaka chatha. Kuti muwone khalidwe lawo, muyenera choyamba kusankha khumi ndi awiri ndikuyamba kumera pa nsalu yonyowa. Pamene zikumera kuchokera kwa iwo, onetsetsani kuti muwerengere nambala ya zitsanzo zomwe zimamera. Kuyala zakuthupi ndi koyenera kubzala pamene chiwerengerochi sichichepera 7.

Onetsetsani kuyamikira maonekedwe a mbewu. Ayenera kukhala wakuda. Koma pali milandu yomwe imasungira mankhwala omwe athandizidwa ndi mankhwala oteteza amadziwika ndi zipolopolo zamitundu yambiri. Kusiyana kumeneku kumakhala ndi khalidwe labwino.

Pezani mtundu wa mitundu ya anyezi "Stuttgart Riesen", "Exibischen", "Hercules", "Bamberger", "Sturon", "Red Baron", "Corrado", "Shetana", "Carmen", "Centurion", "Setton" ".

Sevok

Mukamasankha mababu, sungani zitsanzo za m'mimba mwake ndi mamita 10 mpaka 30 mm. Ayenera kukhala ndi:

  • nyumba yokhwima;
  • kusowa kwa madontho, mabala ndi zofewa zofewa;
  • chosangalatsa;
  • Maonekedwe a fungo (sivomerezeka kuti fungo la kuvunda, mildew kapena dampness limachokera ku chodzala);
  • Kukhalapo kwa kupuma, zomwe zimasonyeza kuyanika bwino Sevka;
  • mtundu wunifolomu;
  • kukhulupirika kwa mankhusu (pa izo pasakhale zizindikiro za ntchito yofunikira ya makoswe, kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo).

Sevok osati kwenikweni kugula. Ikhoza kukonzekera bwino kunyumba. Mu njirayi, zikhalidwe zoyenera kutentha kwa kusungirako ndi kuyanika bwino kwa mababu ndi zofunika.

Ndikofunikira! Ganizirani kuti kukhudza kwambiri zokolola kumayambitsa kumera kwake. Choncho, ndibwino kuti musakhudze sevok mpaka masika.

Mavuto akukula

Kuti ukhale wabwino, hybrid imafuna kutentha, chinyezi chokwanira komanso kuwala kokwanira. Chikhalidwe chikhoza kulimbana ndi kutentha kwa kuzizira, koma ngati nthawiyi imatuluka kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo kutentha kwapansi kumadutsa pansi pa madigiri 6, turnips idzawonongeka.

Pa nyengo ya kukula, ndiwo zamasamba zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa madzi m'nthaka. Choncho, alimi odziwa bwino amalangizidwa kuthirira madzi m'munda mkati mwa miyezi yoyamba ya anyezi yakucha pamene akuuma. Ndibwino kuti muleke kuyamwa masiku 30 musanakolole.

Ndibwino kwambiri kuti chizoloŵezi chomasula nthawi zonse ndi kusamba malo. Ndiponsotu, namsongole amakula kwambiri ku chitukuko cha wosakanizidwa, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula.

Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa "Golden Semko" ndi 12 ... +16 madigiri Celsius. Mmene kumera kwa mababu ndi mbewu kumayambira pa 4 ... +5 ° С.

Mbali yodabwitsa ya mitundu yonse ya anyezi ndiyo yowonjezera kufunika kwa kuunikira. Onani kuti pankhaniyi, chikhalidwe chinali chopanda nzeru poyerekeza ndi mizu ya masamba ndi kabichi.

Ndikofunikira! Pakuti anyezi, malo okhala beets, tomato, letesi, mitundu yonse ya kabichi, kaloti ndi chicory ndi zabwino..

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Chomera chonde kwambiri ndi nthaka, zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe mudzasonkhanitsa kuchokera kumunda. Choncho, kusankha malo oti mufike, mutengere mozama kwambiri. Anyezi amakonda mapulogalamu ena osalowerera ndale. Ndi bwino kusankha malo okwezeka a chikhalidwe ichi, kupewa malo otentha ozizira ndi malo okhala ndi dothi lolemera kwambiri. Zikatero, masamba sadzatha kukwanira, ndi zotsatira zake kuti mutenge zokolola zoipa.

Akatswiri amalangiza mabedi pansi pa uta, kusunga malamulo oyambirira a ulimi. Poganizira izi, "Golden Semko" idzayenda bwino pambuyo pa kukula kwa nkhaka zamasamba ndi manyowa a fetereza.

Amayi amodzi omwe amakumana ndi chikhalidwechi amasankha malo pansi pa dzungu, zukini, tomato ndi kabichi. Pa nthawi yomweyi, nkofunika kulingalira za kukula kwa otsogolera. Ndikofunika kuti amasulire malowa pokonzekera ntchito mwamsanga.

Anyezi wokhazikika amakhala ndi achibale ambiri - allium, shallot, leek, multi-tiered, shnitt, batun, slyzun.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitsuka wosakanizidwa pa bedi lomwelo, komwe anyezi anatha ndi adyo amakula. Izi ndi zoipa kuti chitukuko cha turnips chikule.

Masamba ozungulira zamasamba

Kusankha malo abwino, tsatirani malangizo awa:

  1. Pewani zidutswa zakuda zadongo, posankha kuwala, malo otayirira ndi achonde. Yabwino ndi humus loams ndi humus-mchenga wa mchenga.
  2. Monga zowonongeka, sankhani zomera zoyambirira kucha, kulima kumene kunapereka wochuluka organic feteleza.
  3. Musawonjezere manyowa atsopano ku bedi la anyezi. Mu malo oterewa, mababu sadzakhala ndi nthawi yoti akhwime ndipo adzawoneka kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, makamaka chifukwa ichi ndi njira yoyenera yofalitsira namsongole m'munda.
  4. Sungani malo osankhidwa ndi mchenga ndi humus pa mlingo wa makilogalamu 2-3 pa mita imodzi ya bedi. Komanso m'dzinja kukumba zitsulo zamtsogolo sizidzasokoneza fetereza: 30 g / sq. M ya superphosphate, 10 g / sq. M ya ammonium nitrate, 15 g / sq. m potaziyamu mchere, 15 g / sq. m nkhuni phulusa.
  5. Taganizirani za malo apansi. Polimbikitsa chitetezo, sayenera kukhala pafupi kuposa mita imodzi pansi.
Ndikofunikira! Mu mthunzi wa babu adzakhala opunduka, ang'ono ndi kupereka mivi yambiri.
Chinsinsi cha kukolola bwino ndi kusinthika kwa malo osankhidwa. Boma ili liyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga pamene dziko lapansi liribe ufulu ku zomera zomwe zisanachitike.

Choyamba muyenera kumasula gawo lapansi kuti muzitha masentimita 5-6. Pambuyo masiku 14, pamene udzu umatuluka pamunda, ikani superphosphate ndikukumba m'munda pa bayonet. Ndi zofunika kupereka padera pazitsulo za malo kuti zitha kusungunuka madzi.

Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, nyengo yamunda ndi minda ikubwera, zimagwiritsanso ntchito humus ndi feteleza mchere kumalo. Kukumba kachiwiri ndikupitirira ku bungwe la zitunda.

Phunzirani mtundu wa dothi omwe ulipo, momwe mungameretse nthaka moyenera malinga ndi mtunduwo, momwe mungadziwire mlingo wa nthaka acidity, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza organic.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba

Kukonzekera kwa mbande ya anyezi kuyenera kumagwirira ntchito sabata lomaliza la February. Inde, m'zaka khumi zachiwiri za April, mbewu zimayenera kubzalidwa pabedi la munda. Taganizirani izi mwa magawo.

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mbewuyo imakula bwino, mwezi umodzi musanabzala, sankhani mbewu khumi kuti muyesedwe. Akulumikizeni mu gauze, nsalu yofiira kapena nsalu yonyowa pokhala ndikugwirapo kwa masiku 14.

Nkofunika kuti nthawi yonseyi nymph ili m'malo ozizira. Ndiye, pamene mphukira ikuwonekera, yesani zotsatira. Mbeu zomwe siziyenera kufesa ndi 3-5 majeremusi poyesera khumi ndi awiri.

Mukudziwa? Katswiri wodziwika bwino wa mbiri ya kuphika, komanso wolemba buku lotchuka "Gourmets of the Silk Road" - Laura Kelly, ponena za mavitanidwe a anyezi, amanena kuti masamba akuchokera ku Central Asia. Malingana ndi iye, iye anafalitsidwa kwambiri mu nthawi ya Mesopotamiya. Palinso mauthenga ochokera ku Bronze Age pogwiritsa ntchito anyezi ku Ulaya.

Pa nthawi imeneyi ndikuyenera kusamalira matenda ophera tizilombo. Kuti izi zitheke, alimi wamaluwa kwa mphindi 15, thumba lathumba ndi mbewu m'madzi otentha, ndikuyiyika kwa mphindi m'madzi ozizira. Pambuyo pa njirayi, wakuda ayenera kukhala mu thumba lomwelo (liyenera kuthira nthawi ndi nthawi) kwa maola 24 kutentha.

Amayi ena amawalangiza kuti aziwombera mbewuyi kwa maola 18 m'madzi wamba, ndipo pambuyo pake amawathira potaziyamu permanganate. Pofuna kukonzanso kumera, zowonjezera zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ("Kornevin", "Emistim", "Ecosil").

Zokhudzana ndi malo

Kupindula kwa njira ya mmera ndiko kusunga kubzala, komanso kukulitsa nyengo ya kukula kwa mbeu. Ndibwino kugwiritsira ntchito greenhouses ndi malo obiriwira kuti afese Chernushka, koma ngati zinthu sizilipo, bedi laling'ono lingakonzedwe pazenera zowonongeka bwino.

Mu njira yomaliza, muyenera kupeza bokosi la matabwa ndi gawo lapaderayi pasadakhale, zomwe zakonzedwa mofanana ndi tomato.

Mukudziwa? Pamapu a dziko lapansi, India ndi China ndi atsogoleri a zopanga anyezi. Kawirikawiri, mayikowa amapanga theka la chaka chokolola chomwe chimasonkhanitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi, chomwe chimatha kufika matani 70 miliyoni. Mwa njira, ndiwo 10% ndiwo ndiwo zamasamba omwe amatumizidwa kunja, zina zonse zimagwidwa pa msinkhu wamba.

Njira yobzala mbewu

Kufesa mbewu za anyezi kumayamba ndi kuyika mabedi. Kuti izi zitheke, mu malo otentha otentha kapena mu chidebe ndi nthaka, mizere yokhala ndi masentimita awiri osapitirira 2 masentimita iyenera kupangidwa. Bweretsani masentimita 10 kuchokera pamphepete, ndipo kokwanira kuchoka masentimita asanu pakati pa mizere.

Kenaka pitani kubzala mbewu, mutengekanso wina ndi mzake ndi theka sentimenti. "Semko Golden" sakonda zaguscheny, kotero rationally amathera chernushku. Pomalizira, musaiwale kugwirizanitsa nthaka ndikutsanulira. Ndipo pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kutuluka kwa mbande, tayikizani bokosi ndi filimu ya pulasitiki ndikuyika malo otentha kuti amere.

Yang'anani bedi lanu la munda. Ngati zingwe zing'onozing'ono za cotyledon zikuwonekera, zonsezi zinachitika molondola. Koma ngati pali mizu iliyonse pamtunda, chotsani zojambulazo ndikufesanso nthaka.

Pezani nthawi yofesa anyezi mbande.

Kusamalira mmera

Poyamba, bokosi lofesedwa anyezi liyenera kuikidwa m'chipinda momwe kutentha kulibe poyerekeza ndi madigiri 25. Ndiye, mphukira yoyamba isanawoneke, mphamvuyo imasamutsidwa kwa masiku 3-4 kumalo oziziritsa, kutsika kutentha kufika madigiri 10-12. Panthawiyi, nyali za fulorosenti zidzakhala zoyenera, kupititsa patsogolo tsiku la chikhalidwe ndi kukula kwakukulu.

Pakubwera kwa mphukira zowonjezereka muyenera kuyamba kupatulira. Ndikofunika kuti mtunda wa 1.5-2 masentimita ukhale pakati pa zomera zoyandikana. Pa tsiku la 12, anyezi adzamasula masamba oyambirira.

Mukudziwa? Mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse akugwiritsa ntchito anyezi ndi Libya. Malinga ndi deta yatsopano ya UN, mu 2017 anthu ambiri a m'dziko lino adadya makilogalamu 34 a anyezi.
Tsopano ndi kofunikira kuti nyakulima azisamalira madzi okwanira nthawi zonse, kumasula nthaka ndi kuumitsa mbande. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuganizira za bedi. Musapitirire, chifukwa chinyezi chochuluka chidzavulaza mbewu za masamba. Zimalangizidwa kuthira mbewuzo kamodzi pa sabata ndi madzi ofunda, okonzeka.

Pezani mosamala namsongole. Ngati icho chinayambitsa kukula kwa anyezi kapena chifukwa china sichingakhale bwino, nthawi yomweyo kutsanulira chikhalidwe ndi yankho la urea (3 g pa 1 l madzi).

Komanso mutenge nthawi yokwanira yokonzekera "Golden Semko" kuti mutsike pamalo osatha. Kuti izi zitheke, mu nyengo yotentha kwambiri, pezani chidebecho ndi mbande mpweya wabwino. Muzikhalidwe za nyumba, yotseguka zenera kapena khonde ndi langwiro. Masiku oyambirira a chomera sungakhoze kusiyidwa mumsewu kwa nthawi yaitali. Izi zimachitidwa pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira ndi "kuyenda" kwa mphindi 15.

Video: momwe mungamere anyezi kuchokera ku mbewu

Kuwaza mbande pansi

Mu theka lachiwiri la April, mbande anyezi angathe kuikidwa pamalo otseguka. Nkofunika kuti masiku makumi asanu apite kuchokera pa nthawi yofesa ya Chernushka, ndipo masamba 3-4 amapangidwa pa mphukira.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi nthawi ya kuika. Ndi kutentha kwakukulu, anyezi adzawombera, kotero musazengereze kusuntha kwa mbande kumunda. Ndibwino kuti tichite zimenezi mwamsanga pamene dziko lapansi lidzawotha nyengo yabwino. Musaiwale masabata awiri musanayambe kuuma kwa Semko wa Golden.

Mukhoza kukula anyezi m'njira zosiyanasiyana, fufuzani momwe mungachitire mu China.

Kumalo osankhidwa a m'mundamo, sungani malo oyambirira, pangani mizere mpaka masentimita asanu chakuya, ndikuchokerana wina ndi mnzake ndi 20-30 masentimita. Kenako mowolowa manja mitsinje ndi mbande. Tsopano mukhoza kupitiriza kukonzekera. Onetsetsani kukana zofooka zofooka, zoonongeka ndi zopanda pake.

Ena wamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti adye nthenga za anyezi ndi mizu ndi theka lachitatu. Izi zimachitidwa pofuna kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi. Musanayambe kusuntha mbeu iliyonse yotengedwa mu bokosi iyenera kuikidwa muzu wa chisakanizo cha mullein ndi dongo.

Minda yobzala mbande imasonyeza mtunda wa 8-12 masentimita pakati pa zomera zoyandikana nawo, komanso kukula kwake kwa masentimita 1 kuchokera kubzala koyambirira.

Zitatha izi, mizere ikhoza kudzazidwa ndi gawo ndi pang'ono. Tsiku lotsatira, onetsetsani kuti mutha kutsanulira njira yowonjezera yowonongeka. Zidzathandiza mbande kuti izuke mofulumira komanso mopweteka.Pamapeto pake, onetsetsani kuti mwakokera bedi ndi peat.

Ndikofunikira! Mababu osapsa ayenera kudyedwa mwamsanga, chifukwa sakuyenera kusungirako nthawi yaitali. Ndi bwino kuwaika pa nyengo yozizira.

Kulima kuchokera ku sevka kutseguka

Alimi ambiri amaganiza kuti njira ya rassadny ndi yopanda nzeru komanso yovuta komanso yomera mbeu ya anyezi yomweyo pabedi. Koma pakabzala ndiyeno pali mitundu yambiri, kusadziŵa kumene kumabweretsa zokolola zoipa ndi zokolola za masamba. Tiyeni timvetse zonse mu dongosolo.

Kusankha kwa malo ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka

Mitengo ya anyezi ya "Golden Semko" zosiyanasiyana ndizolima kulima komanso kutentha. Icho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kudzichepetsa kwake ndi khola labwino. Kuwonjezera apo, chikhalidwe sichifunikira zinthu zinazake za kukula. Njira imeneyi yobzala anyezi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zokolola, zomwe mtengo wake umakhala wochepa kwambiri kuposa wa wakuda.

Ndi kulima kobiriwira, mtundu wosakanizidwa udzaphuka msanga, koma m'mikhalidwe yotere udzafunika kuunikira kwina. Komabe, njirayi imathetsa vuto la kuteteza anyezi anyezi ku usiku chisanu. Pachifukwa ichi, pamabedi otseguka m'pofunika kukhazikitsa kanthawi kochepa zogwirira ntchito zazitsulo zamitengo ndi polyethylene.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi luso lamakonzedwe akuyamwa mbeu, kasupe kubzala, yophukira kubzala anyezi.

Mulimonsemo, posankha mpando wa turnips, muyenera kuganizira:

  • mlingo wa kuunikira;
  • chinyontho pansi;
  • kuthekera kwa kufanana ndi zikhalidwe kapena zochitika zapafupi, komanso kusefukira kwa madzi amvula;
  • acidity ndi mawonekedwe a gawo lapansi.

Pakuti Semko ya Golden, yomwe ili kum'mwera-kum'maŵa ndi yabwino. Ndi bwino kusankha malo omwe chipale chofewa choyamba chikutsika ndipo palibe mafinya mumtambo.

Ndikofunikira! Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tibweretse mankhwala atsopano pudding anyezi. M'dziko loterolo, chomeracho chimaonekera kuti chivunda ndi imfa. Njira yabwino yopangira feteleza ikhoza kukhala kompositi ndi mineral complex substances.

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Mosasamala kanthu za chiyambi cha mbeu, musanadzalemo, izo ziyenera kupatulidwa, kutaya anyezi onse owonongeka ndi onyowa. Misa yotsala imasankhidwa. Azimayi amodzi akudziwitsa kuti asankhe:

  • zitsanzo zazing'ono zolemera pakati pa 5-8 mm;
  • wamkati - ndi mamita 8 mpaka 18 mm;
  • chachikulu - ndi mamita awiri mpaka 25 mm.
Ndondomekoyi ndi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa gawo lirilonse limafuna chisamaliro chosiyana, chomwe chidzakhudza thanzi la mbande, kotero ziyenera kubzalidwa mosiyana.

Poonjezera zokolola, akatswiri amalangiza masiku angapo asanasabzalidwe kuti aume zowonongeka zomwe zimapangidwa pa kutentha kwa 35% + madigiri 40. Ndipo musanadzalemo turnips, muyenera kuzungulira mphindi 20 peresenti imodzi ya vitriol zamkuwa. Mulimonsemo musadule khosi la bulbous. Pa nthawi yomweyi mumachotsa mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe zingalepheretse zomera zonse za zomera.

Njira yobzala sevka pansi

Musanabzala, onetsetsani kuti mutulutse bedi ndi kuyeretsa namsongole. Pambuyo pake, tambani pansi ndikupanga mizere mpaka masentimita asanu.

Ndikofunikira! Sevok, yomwe inatha kumasula mivi pa nthawi yosungirako, siingakhoze kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo. Apo ayi, chomeracho chidzatsogolere zinthu zonse kuti zisapange mapangidwe a turnips, koma mtsogolo maluwa..
Kubzala zofunikira pa mtunda wa masentimita 10-15 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Taganizirani, mababu amphamvu kwambiri pakakula adzakhala ochepa kwambiri. Kutsika kosasunthika pamtunda kudzachititsa kusintha kwa turnips. Chotsatira chake, mumapeza zokolola zabwino, choncho akatswiri amalangiza kutsata ndondomeko yachitsulo chodzala anyezi.

Pamene sevok yonse idzabzalidwa, lembani zitsambazo ndi dothi ndikuzembera mopepuka. Kuchokera mmwamba, yendani mosamala pabedi la rake, ndikuyang'ana pamwamba.

Odziwa bwino wamaluwa amalangizidwa kukonzekera anyezi kubzala mu nyengo yowuma, makamaka madzulo. Mwa njira, sevok ingabzalidwe pakatikatikatikati mwa nyengo (mu khumi zoyambirira za May), ndi kugwa (kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October).

Dziwani kuti ndi malamulo otani anyezi anyezimira kunja, zomwe mungachite ndi mzere wa anyezi, kusiyana ndi kuthira manyowa anyezi.

Kuthirira

Mu miyezi iwiri yoyamba yakukula, wosakanizidwa ayenera nthawi zambiri kutsukidwa. Koma nkofunika kuganizira zozizwitsa za nyengo ndi nyengo. Ntchito ya kupangidwa kwa mtundu wobiriwira ndi kukula kwa mutu wa bulbous zimadalira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chinalandira.

Mu chilala, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kawirikawiri, ndipo nyengo yamvula - imani. Nkofunika kuti musalole nthaka kuyanika bedi. Kupanda kutero, zidzasintha ma turnips opanda moyo. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo, konzani kukonza kamodzi pa sabata. Pa nthawi yomweyi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi osungunuka okha.

Ndi munda wokhala wowonjezera kutentha, "Golden Semko" akhoza kukhala ndi madzi okwanira. Kumbukirani kuti chinyezi chokwanira, komanso kusowa kwake, chidzakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa masamba.

Ndikofunikira! Kumbukirani kuti nthaka yomwe idabzala anyezi (yonse yotentha ndi yophukira) iyenera kutentha mpaka madigiri 12. Apo ayi, m'malo mokolola zochuluka, chomeracho chidzapatsa mivi yambiri.

Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira

Mitundu iliyonse ya anyezi yamtundu ndi yachilendo yosankhidwa silingalekerere namsongole m'dera lanu. Ngati mumanyalanyaza lamuloli, ndiye kuti m'malo mwa zitsulo zamtundu wambiri za "Golden Semko" mudzakhala ndi mbewu zochepetsetsa ndi zosafunika ndi zokoma. Choncho, musakhale aulesi nthawi zonse kumasula nthaka ndi udzu wa masamba. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa malinga ndi zofunikira, malinga ndi kukula kwa munda wanu.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati manyowa atsopano amwazikana pa nthawi ya kugwa, udzu wamsongo ungakhale woyendayenda nthawi zonse masika. Ngati bedi liri loyera, silidzasokoneza mchere kuti uzimasula mitsempha, yomwe imathandiza kuti mizuyo ikhale yabwino ndipo idzapindulitsa pa chitukuko cha turnips.

Kupaka pamwamba

Wosakanizidwa ndi wovuta kwambiri kunthaka, choncho yang'anani mkhalidwe wa mbeu. Ngati ikukula bwino ndipo imawoneka yopanda moyo, kuyambiranso mwamsanga kumafunika, pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la urea (30 g pa chidebe cha madzi).

Komanso sichimasokoneza madzi okwanira pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Pazinthu izi, zitovu za mullein kapena nkhuku ziri zangwiro (pa mlingo wa kapu ya kulowetsedwa pa chidebe cha madzi). Zovala zapamwamba ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mowolowa manja ku chiwembu, makamaka ngati tikukamba za mababu. Pafupifupi malita atatu a michere ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mita iliyonse ya lalikulu.

Ndikofunikira! M'masabata oyambirira, mbande ya anyezi ayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Pakuti yabwino polyethylene pogona. Koma musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse mumayenda movutikira, mwinamwake chomera chidzaphimbidwa ndi powdery mildew.
Lembani bedi la anyezi katatu pa nyengo yokula. Njira yoyamba ikuchitika m'nthaŵi yophukira yokonzekera malo kuti adzalitse mtsogolo. Wachiwiri - m'chaka, ndi chachitatu - masabata awiri mutangotsala pang'ono kufika. Ngati ndi kotheka, mukhoza kubwereza kavalidwe, pamene mpiru ifika kukula kwa mtedza.

Video: momwe mungadyetse anyezi

Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa

Ngakhale kuti anyezi amatha kuonongeka kwambiri, ankatha kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso tizilombo ta tizilombo toononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, choncho n'zomveka kuti tipeze nthenga zobiriwira ndi mkuwa wa sulphate (supuni 1 ya mankhwala yomwe inasungunuka mu chidebe cha madzi). Amaluwa ambiri amalangizidwa kuti awonjezere sopo wamadzi kuchokera ku sopo yophika zovala. Kusasinthasintha koteroko kumachedwetsa chiphe choopsa cha masamba pa nthawi yayitali ndipo sichilola kuti imve msanga.

Mafuta anyezi amachititsidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo, yomwe silingathe kulamulidwa, kotero phunzirani mwatsatanetsatane njira ziti zopezera ndi kuchiza anyezi kwa matenda ndi tizirombo.

Mwa tizilombo tonse okhala m'mundamo, mantha a Semko a Golden:

  • mosamala;
  • mbozi;
  • njenjete;
  • ntchentche (mphukira ndi anyezi);
  • Medvedka;
  • kumanga (munda, nyengo yozizira ndi kabichi);
  • fodya.
Polimbana ndi tizirombozi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zomwe anakumana nazo wamaluwa amalangiza: "Aktellik", "Aktar", "Bitoxibacillin", "Gomelin".

Video: njira zothandizira pa ntchentche anyezi

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kukumba dothi m'kugwa, kusamba panthawi yake ndi kumasula mabedi. Inde, tizilombo tambiri tating'onoting'ono timakhala okhulupirika limodzi ndi namsongole.

Mukudziwa? Ku Senegal, mbale ya Yassa, yomwe ili ndi masamba, nyama ndi anyezi, imakonda kwambiri. Koma kwenikweni - ndi anyezi ndi anyezi, chifukwa chophatikizapo chimatengera 90% ya zonsezo.
Kuonjezera apo, mtundu wosakanizidwa, ngakhale kuti mafupa osiyanasiyana amatsutsana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, m'dera losavomerezeka akhoza kutenga matenda:

  • Fusarium;
  • powdery mildew;
  • pulogalamu;
  • smut;
  • dzimbiri;
  • chithunzi;
  • mliri;
  • matenda opatsirana (cervical, imvi ndi yoyera).

Kumbukirani kuti fungal spores, mavairasi, ndi tizilombo ta tizilombo timene timakhala mu nthaka yowonongeka, choncho tetezani mlingo wa pH zomwe mumapezeka m'munda wanu ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, zikhalenso ndi choko.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mababu ndi zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka sizigwera pansi, chifukwa chaichi, musankhe mosamala, kuti musawononge dera lonselo. Ngati pakufunika thandizo lachiritso, spray kubzala ndi fungicidal kukonzekera: "Alette", "Teldor", "Maxim", "Skor", "Infinito", "Consento", "Previcur".

Pambuyo pa kucha kucha anyezi, yankho la mafunso otsatirawa likhale lofunika: nthawi yokumba anyezi, kusunga anyezi, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito scythe wa anyezi.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Zizindikiro zoyamba za zokolola zomwe zikubwerazi ndi masamba osweka ndi mababu owuma. Kukoka masamba kungayambike pakati pa mwezi wa July. Ndibwino kuti izi zikhale bwino nyengo yozizira, chifukwa mbewuyo iyenera kusungidwa mu mawonekedwe owuma. Onetsetsani kuti pakuyeretsa fakitale sizowola kapena zowonongeka. Onaninso kuti ngakhale zochepa zazing'ono zingawononge kwambiri mbewu.

Musafulumire kubweretsa masamba kusungirako mutatha kukolola. Choyamba, amafunika nthawi kuti aziuma. Kuti muchite izi, yikani anyezi mu malo okonzeka bwino ndikupita kwa milungu iwiri. Taganizirani nkhani ya filimu yamvula, chifukwa mbewuyi siidzakhala yonyowa.

Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani kuti asiye anyezi anyezi asanakwane. Izi ndizofunika kuti mpiru ifike pamtunda. Apo ayi, chomeracho chimalowa mwadzidzidzi, popanda kukwaniritsa kusasitsa. Mbewu yoteroyo siidzakhala yabwino kwa yosungirako nthawi yaitali..

Kawirikawiri, mizu ina ndi masamba owongolera amachotsedwa ku mababu asanayambe. Mawonedwe omwe sanaumeke kapena kuwonongeka ndi mtundu uliwonse ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyamba.

"Golden Semko" adasungidwa bwino kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Chinthu chachikulu - kusankha zosayenera zoyenera kusungirako. Malo abwino kwambiri a zolingazi ndi malo opinda mpweya wokwanira kapena malo osunga.

Ndibwino kuti afalikire mababu mu umodzi umodzi pansi. Ndipo muzowonongeka, mungagwiritse ntchito bokosi kapena kupanga anyezi (mukumapeto kwake, simukufunika kudula nsonga, koma iyenera kukhala yowuma).

Video: momwe angamangirire uta mu batolo kuti ukhale wosungirako

Mavuto ndi malingaliro

Kukula anyezi sikunali kosiyana ndipo kawirikawiri kumaphatikizidwa ndi mavuto angapo ovuta. Pano pali chisankho cha mavuto omwe anthu ambiri akukumana nawo:

  1. Kukolola kosavuta, anyezi aang'ono - vutoli limapezeka nthawi zambiri m'madera omwe simunawonetsedwe kawirikawiri, ndipo mbewuzo zimabzalidwa mu nthaka yolimba kapena yolemera. Sungani vutoli panthawi yake yothetsera vuto la superphosphate, potaziyamu sulphate ndi ammonium sulphate. Komanso sizimasokoneza kuyambika kwa laimu-fluff, plaster wakale, ufa wa dolomite. Malingana ndi mlingo wa mchere wochuluka wa nthaka, ziyenera kuwonjezera kuchokera 150 mpaka 300 g ya mankhwala pa mita imodzi.

  2. Nthenga zimayamba kuuma msanga ndi kutuluka chikasu - kawirikawiri vutoli limapezeka pamene mbewu imalandira chinyezi pang'ono. Mukhoza kuthetsa ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse. Koma musadwale mopitirira muyeso, mwinamwake zitsamba zosadziwika za masamba zimayamba kuvunda.

    Phunzirani zambiri za zomwe zimayambitsa chikasu anyezi ndi kuthetsa kwawo.

  3. Anyezi alibe nthawi yoti zipse mpaka nthawi yokolola. Izi zimachitika pamene chikhalidwe chimatsuka nthawi zonse ndikudyetsedwa. Zonsezi ndizofunika kuimitsa mwezi umodzi musanakolole mpiru.
  4. Masambawa ali ndi mvi, imakhala yopanda moyo komanso yosayenera - izi ndi zizindikiro zomveka za powdery mildew ndi peronosporoza. Zimayamba kukula pamene anyezi amathiridwa bwino. N'zosatheka kuti madzi agwere pa chomera. Iyenera kuthiridwa pansi pazu mu mizere, osati mwa kukonkha.

    Pamene mbeu yayikulu imathandiza kudziwa momwe mungakonzere anyezi ndi anyezi wobiriwira.

  5. Nthenga zochepa ndi zochepa zimasonyeza kusowa kwa zinthu zina za nayitrogeni. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunika kuthirira bedi ndi yankho la nkhuku manyowa kapena mullein.
  6. Zowonongeka kapena zowumitsa pamwamba pa masamba zimasonyeza kuperewera kwa fluoride.
  7. Masamba ophwanyidwa ndi zachilendo zachikasu mtundu - anyezi ayenera feteleza yomweyo ndi potash zinthu.
  8. Maonekedwe a nthenga mu nthenga ndi malo oyera ndi chizindikiro cha kusowa kwa magnesium.
  9. Mkhalidwe wovuta wa kukula kwa turnips, masamba obiriwira otumbululuka - wosakanizidwa ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi mkuwa.

Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti tiyambe kuphimba zobiriwira ndi masamba a spruce pamene choyamba chisanu chimagunda. Poyambirira, izi sizingatheke, mwinamwake utawo udzakhala vpereet. M'chaka, pakhomo la thaw, pogona akhoza kuchotsedwa.

Ndizo zonse zinsinsi za kulima bwino ndikuwonjezera zokolola za anyezi. Ngati mutachita zonse mogwirizana ndi malangizidwewa, munda wanu suwopsyeza matenda, kapena tizilombo toononga, kapena zovuta. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yathu idzakuthandizani kulima anyezi a zosiyanasiyana.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa