Palibe chomera chokha chomwe chiyenera kulandiridwa monga mphesa, chifukwa chilengedwe chakhala nacho makhalidwe apadera ndi osayenerera. Kwa zaka zoposa 1000, chomera ichi chimakondweretsa anthu ndi zipatso zake. Kuwonjezera apo, zipatso za zomera izi zimatengedwa ngati zakudya ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimadziwika bwino kwa makolo athu akale. Osati zaka zana limodzi ndi zaka chikwi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula kwa mphatso iyi ya chirengedwe.
Mmodzi mwa asayansi omwe amagwira nawo ntchitoyi, ndi dziko lakwawo - Svetlana Krasokhina: sikuti adangopanga akatswiri a zokolola m'munda wamphesa, koma adatamandiranso kumudzi wamtendere kupita kumalo okwezeka.
Krasokhina S.I.
Krasokhina Svetlana Ivanovna ndi wochokera kwa mafumu omwe ali ndi vinyo komanso obereketsa. Masiku ano, palibe wokonda mphesa yemwe sakudziwa atate wake - Kostrykin Ivan Alexandrovich, chifukwa iye sanangopereka moyo wake wonse pambewu zatsopano, koma adakhalanso woyambitsa sukulu yachisanu cha mphesa. Svetlana Ivanovna ataganizira kwambiri chikondi chake chochokera kwa atate wake, anaganiza zopitiriza ntchito yake. 
Mukudziwa? Anthu anali akulima mphesa zaka 6-8,000 zapitazo: izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kufufuza kwapamwamba kwa akatswiri ofukula mabwinja ku Georgia. Ndicho chifukwa chake mpesa umatengedwa kuti ndi umodzi mwa zomera zoyamba kumangidwa ndi munthu wakale.Mu 1995, Svetlana Ivanovna anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Kuban State Agrarian University, yomwe makoma ake anamuthandiza kukhala wodalirika weniweni wothirira masamba ndi mphesa. Koma ngakhale izi, adayamba kugwiritsira ntchito mphesa mmbuyo mu 1988, pansi pa kuyang'anitsitsa kwa atate wake. Atamaliza maphunziro awo, Krasokhina akugwira ntchito pa PhD yake, yomwe adatetezera kale mu 2001 ndipo akukhala wovomerezeka wa sayansi mu "Zipatso Zowonjezera, Viticulture".
Diploma ya wovomerezeka sayansi imamuwongolera mbali yatsopano pakukula bizinesi yake yokondedwa, ndipo posakhalitsa wasayansi wamng'ono amapanga mitundu yochuluka ya mphesa zabwino m'kati mwa makoma ake a National Aller Russian Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture ndi Wine Making. Ndicho chifukwa chake, panthawi yochepa, amisiri wamaluwa ndi makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale anayamba kumanga pamzere pambali ya mphesa Krasokhina. 
Masiku ano, Svetlana Ivanovna ndi Wophunzira wa Sayansi, wofufuza pa laboratory ya kubereketsa ndi ampelography, imene akugwira ntchito yokolola mitundu yatsopano ya zomera zomwe zimalidwa mwa kudzipatula mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zamtengo wapatali.
Mukudziwa? Mphesa ndi zopangidwa kuchokera mmenemo zimakhala ndi choleretic champ effect. Malowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakuchiza matenda ambiri a chiwindi.Ntchito yaikulu ya Krasokhina ndi mitundu 9 yamtengo wapatali ya mphesa, posankhidwa komwe iye anatenga gawo limodzi, ndi 150, omwe akuyesedwa. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, akatswiri omwe adapeza zaka zambiri zafukufuku amuthandiza kuti akhale wolemba mabuku pa tebulo zosiyanasiyana ndikupanga mafilimu 2 apadera a mphesa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowonjezera.
Svetlana Ivanovna wakhala katswiri wodziwika bwino pankhani yodabwitsa mphesa ndi kusamba kwake. Zonsezi zinapangitsa kuti Krasokhina akhale wothandizira pakhomopo pazinthu zosankha komanso kulima mitundu yambiri ya zomera.
Kuzindikira ndi kuyamikira kwa ogulitsa vinyo adalandira ntchito yosankha ya Pavlovsky, Kraynov.
Mitundu yotchuka
Pankhani ya Krasokhina Svetlana Ivanovna, amaluwa ambiri amalumikizana ndi mphesa zazikulu ndi mitundu. Izi makamaka zimaphatikizapo tebulo ndi luso lachangu-zovuta zowonjezera ndi zokolola zazikulu, nambala yochepa ya mbewu ndi kuwala, koma zonunkhira bwino za muscat. Zipatso za zomerazi zimakhala ndi zokoma, zosakhwima komanso zakuthandizira kuti azitha kumwa mowa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Mukudziwa? Kuti mupange botolo limodzi la vinyo wamtengo wapatali, mukufunikira mphesa zokwana 600.
Zosamera
Mitengo yopanda mbewu ndi imodzi mwa zofunidwa kwambiri pakati pa anthu anzathu, popeza ali ndi zokoma zokoma, zowutsa mudyo ndipo pafupifupi pafupifupi mafupa. Chikhalidwe ichi chakhala chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu, zomwe zatsimikizira kuti dziko lonse lidziwika ndi anthu omwe ali ndi anthu omwe ali ndi zida zambiri zopangira mitundu.
Pakati pa ntchito za Krasokhina mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi:
- "Assol": mphesa, zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yokolola (pafupifupi masiku 130). M'madera ozizira, zipatso zimabuka m'mwezi woyamba wa September. Mitengo mu kukula sikulu. Masamba ndi aakulu, akulemera mpaka 700 g, zipatso zazing'ono. Kuchuluka kwa mabulosi ambiri ndi pafupifupi 3 g, iwo ali m'gulu lachiwiri la mbewu. Maonekedwe a zipatso ndi ochepa pang'ono, pali mfundo kumtunda, mtundu nthawi zambiri wowala pinki. Kukoma ndi kosangalatsa komanso kosavuta. Nyama ndi yowutsa. Mphukira zobala zipatso pamtunda saposa 60%. Zosiyanasiyana zimagonjetsedwa ndi downy mildew;
- "Kishmish Novocherkassky": chomera chocheperapo kapena kuchepera. Nthaŵi yoyenera ya mbewu zoyamba m'madera otentha ndi nyengo yoyamba ya September. Masangowa si aakulu, omwe amalemera pafupifupi 400 g. Zipatso zimakhala zazikulu ndipo zimakhala m'gulu lachinayi la mbeu. Kulemera kwa mabulosi ambiri kuli mkati mwa 3 g, ndipo mawonekedwe awo ndi oval, nthawi zina ovoid. Mtundu wa chipatso uli mkati mwa mithunzi ya pinki. Mnofu ndi wathanzi komanso wamadzi wambiri, kukoma kwake kumakhala kosavuta, chiwerengero cha mphukira zowonjezera chimakhala pakati pa 70-90%. Zosiyana ndi zosagonjetsedwa ndi imvi zowola ndi downy mildew;
- "Yasya": Imodzi mwa mitundu yatsopano kwambiri, zipatso zimabuka kumayambiriro, osati kumapeto kwa July. Masamba ndi aakulu, kulemera kwake kuli mkati mwa 600 g, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 1 makilogalamu. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu, mabulosi amodzi amapezeka mkati mwa 5-6 g, mawonekedwe ozungulira, mawonekedwe a violet amawoneka bwino. Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, minofu, ndi mchere wochuluka wa muscat. Mphesa zimakhala zovuta kugawira 1-2. Chiwerengero cha mphukira zowonjezera mu 70-80%. Zosiyana ndi zosagwirizana ndi mycosis zosiyanasiyana.
Zipinda zodyeramo
Mtundu wotsatira wamba wambiri wa "Krasokhinsky" mphesa ndiwo mitundu ya tebulo. Ngakhale adakali achinyamata, adagonjetsa ziwembu zapakhomo, ndipo adasanduka malo osamalirako m'masitolo ambiri.
Odziwika kwambiri mwa iwo akhoza kutchedwa:
- "Alex": zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimabala msanga (osapitirira masiku 120). Tchire ndi zazikulu, masango ndi aakulu, kufika pamtunda wa makilogalamu imodzi. Zipatsozo ndi zoyera komanso zazikulu kukula kwake, zomwe zimawonekera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, yozungulira. Kulemera kwao kumakhala mkati mwa 14 g. Thupi ndi lofiira, lamadzi ndi minofu. Kukoma ndi kosangalatsa. Chiwerengero cha mphukira zowonjezera siziposa 60 peresenti ya misala yonse. Zosiyanasiyana sizionongeka ndi ziwombankhanga ndipo zimawonetsa kusamalitsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nkhungu zakuda, zoona ndi downy mildew;
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mwatenga zitsanzo kuti muzitsatira zosiyana siyana za "Alex" pakhomo lanu, kumbukirani - chomerachi chikukula bwino kumwera ndi kumadzulo.
- "Chithumwa": Zipatso za chomera zipsa msanga (osapitirira masiku 130). Masangowa ndi ochepa koma amatha kulemera kwa 800-1100 g. Zipatsozi ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimawonetsekeranso kumaso: Pakati pa mabulosi amodzi amatha kulemera kwa 11-15 g. Ndikusamala, zipatso zimakhala zoyera (makamaka zoyera). Kukoma kwake ndikwanira, ndi kukwanira kwathunthu nutmeg imaphatikizidwa ku kukoma kwake. Chiwerengero cha mphukira zowonjezera chikuyandikira pazitali ndipo ndi pafupifupi 70-90%. Kutsutsana kwa downy mildew ndi kuvunda imvi - kuwonjezeka;
- "Golden"(Galbena Nou): mitundu yoyambirira ya chigawo chakumidzi chomwe chimakula kwa masiku 110-120. Mabango ndi wamtali. Mphesa ndi zazikulu, koma kulemera kwake sikupitirira 700 g. Zipatsozi ndi zazikulu, pafupifupi kulemera kwake sizoposa 8 g. Zonsezi zimakhala zozungulira, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatsozo ili pamapeto a zobiriwira zobiriwira. Kubala kwa mphukira sikudutsa 80%. Zolotinka imasonyeza kukana ndi imvi yovunda ndi downy mildew.
Ndikofunikira! Limodzi mwa malamulo akuluakulu okula Zolotinka zosiyanasiyana ndi nthawi yoyendetsa kamwana kakang'ono: imateteza chitsamba kuchokera ku zovuta za interweaving nthambi.
Amisiri
Mitundu ya mphesa ya Krasokhina imatenga malo ambirimbiri, koma otchuka kwambiri ndi ochepa chabe. Iwo anatha kugonjetsa wopanga, poyamba, ndi zokolola zambiri ndi kuwonjezeka, poyerekeza ndi otsutsana, zida zamakono. Zina mwa izo ndizoyenera kukumbukira:
- "Platovskiy": mphesa yam'mbuyo kwambiri, nyengo yake yakucha imatha masiku osaposa 115. Masangowa ndi osakanikirana, ndipo masentimita awo sali oposa 200 g. Zipatsozo ndizochepa, kuzungulira kwake, sizoposa 2 g. Mtundu wa zipatsowo umakhala woyera, koma timadzi timene timakhala timene timakhala tomwe timapanga dzuwa. Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, khungu lapamwamba la mabulosi limadziwika ndi khungu lochepa koma lolimba. Kukoma ndi kosangalatsa ndi yunifolomu. Chiwerengero cha mphukira zowonjezera chifikira 85%. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu (mpaka -29 ° C), komanso imvi zowola, zonama komanso zowona zowona, phylloxera;
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri, zomera za mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Platovskiy" ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito podzibisa ndi kuchotsa mphukira zakale.
- "Muscat Pridonsky": mphesa mofulumira kucha (osati kale kuposa theka loyamba la September). Masangowa ndi ochepa, mawola awo samapitirira 250 g. Zipatsozo ndizochepa, zozungulira, makamaka zobiriwira ndi zoyera, zowirira komanso zowutsa mudyo. Kukoma kwawo kuli kofanana, kuli ndi cholembedwa chodziwika bwino cha nutmeg. Zomera za mphukira zimafikira 95%. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasonyeza kukana kwambiri ndi frosts (mpaka -27 ° C) popanda malo ena okhala, komanso sichikhoza kukhala phylloxera. Polemba Muscat Pridonskogo amapanga vinyo wabwino kwambiri.
