Mpira wamtengo - wamtundu pachaka kapena wamera wokhala ndi maluwa osakhwima. Mtengowo ndi wa banja la Asters. Dzinalo lasayansi - centaurea - limatanthauziridwa mosiyana ndi "maluwa a centaur" kapena "ng'ombe zowboola." Amadziwika pafupifupi aliyense. Ngakhale malo omwe mbewuyi idabadwira ndi Kumwera kwa Europe, imapezeka kulikonse mu nyengo yotentha: m'minda, kumapiri. Mpunga umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Amakongoletsa mundawo, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito ngati mankhwala komanso kuphika. Ku Russia, mtengowu unkawonetsedwa ngati chisangalalo champhamvu pokana misala yoyipa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi atsikana pamiyambo ya phwando la Ivan Kupala.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Chimanga chamaluwa ndi chomera chamaluwa chophukira ndi udzu. Mphukira zolimba, zophukira pang'ono zimakula kutalika ndi masentimita 50-80. Amakutidwa ndi mulu wa kanthawi kochepa ndikujambulidwa zobiriwira. Timapepala tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono ngakhale pamtengo umodzi timasiyana. Zotsika ndizokulirapo, zolemetsa, ndipo zapamwamba ndizochepa, zonse.
Pamwamba pa zimayambira, mabasiketi ang'onoang'ono a inflorescence amapangidwa. Amayamba kuphuka mu June ndikuchita bwino mpaka kuzizira. Ma inflorescence ndiosavuta komanso terry. Amakhala ndi maluwa obisika awiri pakatikati ndipo mabango osabala pafupi ndi m'mphepete. Pang'onopang'ono, miyala yojambulidwa imapangidwa mumizere 1-2 kapena molingana mu inflorescence. Mtundu wawo ndi wachikasu, wabuluu, oyera, pinki, wabuluu, wofiirira kapena burgundy.
Malipuwa ndi mbewu zabwino za uchi. Duwa lililonse limatha kutulutsa mungu 6. Pambuyo popukutira, ma polyspermous mabokosi pafupifupi 5 mm kutalika. Pamwambapa pali chikwangwani chagolide. Kucha mbewu kumachitika mu Julayi-Okutobala.
Mitundu yamafuta
Mtundu wa mpunga wamtundu umasiyana kwambiri. Mulinso mitundu yoposa 700 yazomera. Zina mwa izo sizimadziwika kapena ndizodziwika ngati zofanana ndi mitundu ina, koma mitundu yotsalayi ndiyokwanira kukongoletsa mundawo.
Dambo la mphero. Udzu wamphesa wamtendere ungathe kukula mpaka 1 mita. Amakhala ndi chizimba champhamvu komanso chokhazikika komanso chopanda. Nthambi zimachitika makamaka kumtunda. Masamba atali ndi lanceolate okhala ndi mawonekedwe owuma ndi amtundu wakuda ndi utoto. Koyambilira kwa chilimwe, mabasiketi otentha amaonekera. Calyx - scaly, chikasu. Kuchokera pamitundu yapamwamba yapamwamba kwambiri ya peac lilac-pink. Maluwa a Tubular amakhala okhazikika pakati.
Mpira wamtundu waukali. Mtengo wamtundu wa herbaceous wakhazikika kapena kukwera zimayambira ndi nkhope. Kutalika kwa mtengowo ndi 0.4-1.2 m. Mapepala okhala ndi utoto amajambulidwa mu zobiriwira zakuda. Pansi pa tsinde, iwo amakula pa petioles, ndipo kumtunda - amakhala pamenepo. Mabasiketi amodzi omwe ali ndi chikho chowoneka ngati brownish sungunulani maluwa a lilac-ofiira kapena apinki. Maluwa amapezeka mu June-Seputembara.
Phiri la mphero. Zomera zimakhala ndi poyang'ana patali komanso tsinde losakhazikika. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 60. Masamba ndi am'mzera-lanceolate, wobiriwira wowala. Maluwa - mabasiketi amodzi okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 6 masentimita amakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira a buluu-violet m'mphepete komanso ang'onoang'ono a tubular pakati. Zosiyanasiyana zimamasula nthawi yonse yotentha.
Maluwa abuluu. Wachaka kapena wamtundu umodzi wokhala ndi phesi lokwanira 15-100 cm kutalika. Rhizome - yopyapyala, yofunika. Mphukirayo imabwanyidwa kumtunda ndipo imakutidwa ndi masamba lanceolate, osasakanizidwa ndi mulu wamfupi. Dengu looneka ngati korona limamasula maluwa amaluwa a buluu. Pansipa pali kaphidwe kamtundu wakuda wonyezimira. Mitundu imodzimodziyi imatchedwa munda wa chimanga kapena kubzala. Mbewu zake nthawi zambiri zimasakanizidwa ndi mbewu monga chimanga ndi chovala, motero mbewuyo muulimi imadziwika kuti ndi yofooka, yovuta kuthetsa.
Munda wamalonda. Chomera cha pachaka kapena chobiriwira chofikira mpaka masentimita 120 chimatulutsa mabasiketi okongola akulu ndi miyala yapinki, yowala ya buluu, yamtambo kapena burgundy. Maluwa ake amakhala aatali komanso ochulukirapo. Gulu lodziwika bwino la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi "terry cornflower". Ili ndi mitu yowala pomwe mabango amapezeka kuphatikiza pakatikati. Mafuta ophatikizidwa ndi matalala. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Blue Boy - pa mphukira masentimita 50-90 kutalika, mabasiketi amdima akuda amatseguka;
- Mnyamata Wofiyira - maluwa a ruby-ofiira;
- Schneemann - chomera 70-80 cm wamtali limamasula maluwa oyera oyera.
Njira zolerera
Mphukira za pachaka komanso zamuyaya zimamera bwino pambewu. Kubzala kumachitika nthawi yomweyo pamalo otseguka kapena mumtsuko (ngati mukufuna kukongoletsa khonde ndi khonde). Pakati pa Epulo, nthaka idakonzeka kubzala: kukumba ndi kumasula. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda acidic. Maluwa a mpesa amawoneka kuti amakula bwino pamtunda wopanda, ndipo maonekedwe a petals amawala bwino. Mbewu zimagwirabe ntchito mpaka zaka zitatu. Zofesedwa popanda kunamizira zitsime zakuya kwa masentimita 2-3. Amayesa kugawa wogawana, osati pang'ono. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masabata awiri. Akamayamba kuchepa. Choyamba siyani mtunda wa 20 cm, kenako kwa mitundu yayikulu kuti ichulukane mpaka 50. Mutha kubzala mbewu mu Okutobala-Novembala, ndiye kuti mu nthawi yamasika mbewu zimayamba kuoneka ndipo, potero, maluwa adzayamba kale.
Olima ena amalima mbande. Mbewu ziyenera kugawidwa mwachangu m'miphika za peat, chifukwa mizu yake imawonongeka mosavuta. Asanabzike pamalo otseguka amasungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 18 ° C.
Mphukira zam'madzi zitha kufalikira ndikugawa nthiti. Kumapeto kwa nthawi ya maluwa (Ogasiti), chitsamba cholimba chimakumbidwa ndikumasulidwa kwathunthu ku dothi loumbika. Mizu imatsukidwa m'madzi ofunda. Zimayambira zimadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Rhizome yokhala ndi mpeni kapena fosholo amagawika magawo. Ikhoza kuthyoledwa popanda manja. Gawoli lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi impso zitatu. Mukangodula, mbewuzo zibzalidwe m'malo atsopano.
Kusamalira Kunja
Malipuwa amabzala m'malo abwino. Kuchepetsa pang'ono kumaloledwa. Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso lotayirira. Loam kapena mchenga wamchenga adzachita. Ngati ndi kotheka, mchenga umawonjezeredwa ndi dothi lolemera.
Kusamalira tsiku ndi tsiku ndikosavuta. Zimafikira kuthirira osowa, pokhapokha kukakhala mvula. Ma mpesa amalekerera chilala bwino, koma amavutika kwambiri chifukwa cha kusayenda kwa madzi m'nthaka.
Kamodzi kapena kawiri pamwezi, mbewu zimadyetsedwa ndi mineral complex (20-30 g / m²). Manyowa opukutidwa bwino amathiridwa mu dothi pamizu. Mukawonjezera kuvala kwambiri, masamba ake amayamba kusanduka achikaso ndi owuma.
Kuti mbewuzi zizioneka zokongola, maluwa otuwa azichotsedwa munthawi yake. Mutha kudziletsa kuti muchotse kokha inflorescence yokha ndikusiya mphukira osakhudzidwa, koma ndibwino kuti muzidula mpaka kutalika kwa 10 cm pamwamba pa nthaka. Kenako mphukirayo izikhala yolondola komanso yothinitsidwa.
Kwa nyengo yozizira, mbewu sizifunikira pobisalira. Olemba amangodula ndi kukumba malowa. Ndipo osatha amadulidwa pansi. Zotsalira za mphukirazo zidzauma, ndipo mu April mphukira zatsopano zimayambira kumizu.
Mphero yamphawi ndizosowa kwambiri. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati malo amdima komanso onyowa asankhidwa. Kenako fusarium imayamba pa mphukira. Kuchiza ndi fungicide kungathandize kukonza vutoli, koma ndikwabwino kuyang'anira ukadaulo waulimi mosamala. Pamatenthedwe komanso mpweya wouma, chinangwa chimatha kuukira ma spider nthata. Tiziromboti timatayidwa ndi sopo kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Maluwa m'munda
Mawonekedwe owala komanso nthawi yomweyo kuwombera kwa mphero zam'munda, zokongoletsedwa ndi mitu yowala yamitundu yambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mabedi a maluwa osakanikirana, zophatikizika, makonde ndi masitepe. Maluwa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala m'magulu, kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kapena kuphatikiza ndi mbewu monga chimanga, daisies, kusaiwala, mapapa, calendula, marigold.
Kuchiritsa katundu
Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala azikhalidwe ndi mankhwala azitsamba. Maluwa a chimanga ali ndi ambiri:
- mchere wamchere;
- mavitamini;
- njira;
- ma alkaloids;
- glycosides;
- flavonoids.
Kututa kwa zopangira kumachitika nthawi ya maluwa. Ma inflorescence atsopano okha, osasilira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amaziyanika bwino m'malo ovuta komanso osungira osindikizidwa.
Kuchokera pazopezeka zopangira, madzi ndi zakumwa zakumwa, msuzi kapena tiyi zakonzedwa. Mankhwalawa ali ndi diaphoretic, antipyretic, diuretic, antimicrobial, choleretic, mankhwala ofewetsa thukuta, analgesic, antispasmodic.
Mphukira imatengedwa pakamwa pakabuka m'mimba, kutsokomola, kupsinjika kwamanjenje, kulephera kwa msambo kulephera komanso kutaya magazi kwambiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, khungu ndi tsitsi zimayenda bwino kunja, kuyamwa kumadutsa ndipo mabala amachira.
Popeza chomera chimakhala ndi ma cyanides omwe amatha kudzikundikira m'thupi, kuperekera mankhwala kuchokera ku maluwa owonjezera chimayambira atakambirana ndi dokotala. Chithandizo cha amayi apakati, anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa, komanso ana osakwana zaka 12 ndiotsutsana kwathunthu.
