Musanayambe ntchito yomanga kanyumba kakang'ono kapena nyumba yaying'ono kumatauni, nyumba yaying'ono yowoneka bwino, yomwe imadziwika kuti nyumba yosintha, chipinda chothandizira kapena chipangizo chamagwiritsidwe. Chipinda chofunikira chogawanika magawo angapo, chimatha kukhala ngati bafa, penti, chosungira zida, kapena khitchini yachilimwe. Ndikosavuta kunyalanyaza kufunika kwa nyumbayi, chifukwa chake, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane kuti cholinga cha hozblok popereka ndi chiyani kapena ngati chitha kumangidwa palokha.
Cholinga cha chipindachi
Hozblok - kapangidwe kake ndi kakang'ono kukula, koma konsekonse, kotero sikungokhala ndi chimango chilichonse pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake. Cholinga chake chimatengera kwathunthu zinthu zofunika kuzikonzedwa ndi eni malo okhala. Poyamba, zomangamanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga zomangamanga ndi zida zamaluwa, zinthu zina, zida zamayiko. Kugwira ntchito yayitali pamabedi am'munda kapena pa malo omangirako kunapangitsa kuti nyumba zanyengo yachilimwe zisinthe gawo kukhala chipinda cha kukhitchini kuti chikhale ndi tiyi komanso kupuma pang'ono.
Nyumba zina ndizokumbukira kwambiri nyumba yakunyumba kuposa chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito: zimakongoletsedwa ndi siding, yokutidwa ndi matailosi osasintha komanso yokongoletsedwa ndi zinthu zokongoletsa.
Kugwira ntchito yayitali kumamveka, makamaka nyengo yotentha, kotero kuti anthu okhala pachilimwe omwe amasamala kwambiri zaumoyo wawo amapereka gawo laling'ono loti asambe; Chifukwa chake, chimbudzi chomwe chimafunikira malo ochepa chitha kumeramo. Ngati gawo la nyumbayo lilola, ndiye kuti gawo lina lingatengedwe ngati chipinda chopumulirako, ndipo ngati mutakhazikitsa kama, mutha kugona usiku, bola kutentha kwa mpweya kulola. Zikuwonekeratu kuti ngati nyumba ikupezeka m'dera lakunja, nyumba singasiyidwepo, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Nyumba zitha kukhala zosiyaniratu komanso mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse, kuyambira khola wamba kupita kunyumba yokongola yokongoletsedwa ndi zojambula zowonekera.
Anthu ambiri okhala pachilimwe amakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu ndi mtundu wa chinthu chilichonse chomwe chili pamalopo. Kapangidwe kameneka kotere mumapangidwe a minimalism ndi koyenera kwa eni omwe amasunthira nthawi
Mutha kugula mapangidwe omalizidwa mu mawonekedwe osakanikirana kapena osakanikirana, omwe amafanana ndi chidebe chozungulira. Amapangidwa kuchokera pakona ndi pa msewu, kenako nkudzakola ndi mbale yamatabwa. Ubwino wa mtundu uwu:
- kuthamanga kwa erection;
- kusowa kwa maziko;
- kuyenda
- kuthekera kwa misonkhano yambiri-yamagawo;
- mtengo wotsika mtengo.
Mutha kumanga nyumba ndi manja anu, mutakonza chida ndikugula zinthu.
Nyumba zodziwika bwino zopangidwa ndi nkhuni - pulasitiki, yosavuta kuigwiritsa ntchito, yolimba, yokhala ndi kukonzanso koyenera, yokonzeka kugwira ntchito kwazaka zambiri
Njira yophweka ndikumanga nyumba yosinthira matabwa, kuyimeta kunja ndi chingwe kapena pepala lojambulidwa, ndikuphimba padenga ndi matailosi osakwera mtengo kapena chitsulo. Makoma awiri amakhala ndi mawindo kuti dzuwa lizilowa mkati. Chipindacho mothandizidwa ndi magawo kapena makabati chimakhala chogawika bwino m'magawo angapo omwe amakhala osiyanasiyana mu cholinga. Kuti mumve bwino m'nyumba yozizira, makoma ake, pansi ndi padenga ziyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi kutchingira mafuta - makapu aubweya wagalasi, phula kapena utoto wa polyurethane.
Malamulo akhazikitsa nyumbayi
Malo othandizira chipinda chowongolera amayendetsedwa ndi zofunikira za SNiP 30-02-97, pomwe cholinga chogwiritsira ntchito chithandiziridwadi. Tiyerekeze kuti mwasankha kuti mukasambe kumeneko, pamenepa mtunda wocheperako mpaka nyumbayo yoyandikana nawo uyenera kukhala mita 8, ndi mita imodzi mpaka kumalire a malowo. Mita iliyonse, yomwe ili pakati pa nyumbayo ndi zinthu zina, imatha kukhala yopindulitsa: pamalo ochepa mungathe kukonza dothi, kumanga kaphwete kakang'ono kapena kubzala chitsamba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito hozblok monga bafa, komanso kusunga nkhuku kapena ziweto, yang'anirani mtunda: kupita ku nyumba zogona - osachepera 12 metre, kumalire oyandikana - osachepera 4 metres
Pamamita lalikulu mazana asanu ndi limodzi, mainchesi alionse okhala malo okhala chilimwe ndi ofunika kulemera golidi, kotero njira yokhayo yopulumutsira malo ochulukirapo ndikubzala ndikuphatikiza nyumba zonse pansi pa denga limodzi, ndikupanga china chake ngati nyumba yopanga zolinga zingapo. Imafanana ndi nyumba wamba yokhala ndi zipinda zambiri, imangosiyana kukula kwake ndi kuchuluka kwake. Mwachitsanzo, chimbudzi, bafa ndi zovala zingakhale bwino mu chipinda chimodzi, ndipo kudzutsidwa kwakukulu kumbali ndikusintha garaja.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa cham'nyumba chogwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, chomwe chili ndi magawo angapo momwe mungakhazikitsire chipinda chogona, bafa losamba ndi chimbudzi, malo osungiramo katundu kapena zida
Njira ina yosangalatsa ndikumanga kwa chipinda chachiwiri. M'chipinda chapamwamba mutha kukonzera chipinda cha alendo, dovecote kapena hayloft, ngati nyumbayo ili ndi akalulu kapena mbuzi.
Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono opangira kanyumba kamatabwa
Tsopano makampani ambiri amapereka nyumba zokhazikika, koma ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa malo a hosblock kuti muzikhala chilimwe ndi manja awo. Zachitsanzo timatenga nyumba yomwe ili ndi 6m x 3m x 3m.
Ready hozblok ili ndi zipinda ziwiri zosiyana, chilichonse chili ndi khomo lina. Mawindo ali pamakoma atatu, kupatula kumbuyo kwawo
Ntchito yomanga isanafike, muyenera kugula zinthuzo:
- matabwa a magawo osiyanasiyana (15cm x15 cm, 10cm x 15cm, 10cm x 10cm, 5cm x 10cm);
- bolodi lakuthwa;
- zinthu zamatenga (kapena zofanana);
- plywood;
- mchenga, miyala, simenti ya konkriti;
- chitoliro cha asbestos-simenti (15 cm mulifupi).
Gawo # 1 - kukhazikitsa maziko
Gawo loyamba ndi kuyang'ana kuzungulira kwa maziko amtsogolo. Zomalizira zake zidzakhala m'makona ndi pakati pazenera zazitali, 6-mita. Choyamba muyenera kukonza dothi - chotsani tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi nthaka yachonde mpaka 20 cm, mudzaze pilo yamchenga 10-centimeter ndikuyigwirizanitsa. Pa chingwe chilichonse, dzenje lakuya pafupifupi 1 m 20 cm lidzafunika - mzati woyambira maziko oyenera uyenera kuyikidwamo.
Kukula kwa hosblock kumatha kukhala kosiyana ndikudalira cholinga chake, chifukwa chake sikofunikira kuyang'ana pamagawo omwe apatsidwa - kutalika kapena mulifupi kungasinthidwe
Pansi pa dzenje lirilonse muyenera kukonzekereranso: chivundikirani ndimiyala kapena mchenga wabwino. Pambuyo poyikapo mapaipi m'mabowo omalizidwa, malo awo okhazikika amayang'aniridwa (ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mulingo womanga), ndipo danga lomasuka limakutidwa ndi mchenga. Mkati mwa mapaipiwo muyenera kudzaza matope a simenti ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, kenako ndikukweza kutalika kwa chitolirocho. Chifukwa cha izi, konkriti imapereka maziko olimba a mizati yoyambira.
Maziko pamiyala ya asbestos-simenti - chitsimikizo chokhazikika komanso kukhazikika kwapangidwe; mutha kupanga chotseka popanda maziko, koma sichikhala chodalirika ndipo chikhala nthawi yayifupi
Kenako ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze mapaipi anu ndi simenti. Kulimbitsa kukonzanso kwa maziko kuchokera pa mtengo, m'makona anayi akukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo olimbikitsira mu njira ndikuwongolera m'mwamba pafupifupi 20 cm.Pomaliza kulimbitsa, nangula ungagwiritsenso ntchito, womwe umakhazikitsidwa pamaziko: chimango kuchokera ku mtengo womwe umalumikizidwa ndi iwo ndi mtedza. Mapaipi amayenera kutsanulidwa mosamala kuti pasapezeke ma sinuses. Kuumitsa komaliza kumachitika pakatha milungu ingapo, pomwe nthawi imeneyi yankho liyenera kukhala lothira madzi ndikuboola dzuwa.
Gawo # 2 - kupanga chimango
Pomwe maziko "amakula", mutha kuchita msonkhano wa chimango. Mtengo wamphamvu kwambiri (15cm x 15cm) ndi wokhazikitsidwa ngati kotakata, mbali yayitali yomwe imakhala 6 m, ndipo yifupi ndi mita 3. M'makona, "mwala wamtengo" umagwiritsidwa ntchito, poyambira ndi zolumikizira tokha (zidutswa ziwiri ndizokwanira kuti nangula, zidutswa zinayi kuti mulimbitse) . Pakati pa nsanamira zachitsulo ndi thabwa lamatabwa, ndikofunikira kupanga zosanjikiza zadenga, zomwe malekezero ake ayenera kugwada (kuti madzi amvula asadziunjike). Kuteteza ku tizilombo, nkhungu ndi chinyezi, mtengo umathandizidwa ndi antiseptic. Chimodzi mwazosankha ndi miyambo iwiri yamafuta owuma. Kenako chimalicho chimalimbikitsidwa ndi mitengo itatu yopingasa yomwe ili nthawi imodzi, pogwiritsa ntchito bar 10cm x 10cm.
Makhalidwe akuluakulu a chimango ndi kukhazikika komanso kudalirika, kotero chidwi chachikulu chiyenera kulipira kulumikizana kwa mtengo ndi kukonza nkhuni ndi zoteteza
Gawo # 3 - zomanga
Pomanga chimango, mtengo ndi mulifupi yaying'ono uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa kukhazikitsa maziko. Choyamba muyenera kusonkhanitsa gawo la chimango kuchokera kumalekezedwe, kumbukirani kuti padzakhala zenera mbali zonse ziwiri. Mizere yozungulira imakhazikitsidwa pachimake pogwiritsa ntchito ngodya zachitsulo ndikudzigwetsa nokha. Kuti "mukweze" poyimitsa pazokhazikitsidwa pamaziko, ndikofunikira kukumba kabowo ndi mainchesi a 1 cm (mwanjira iyi makona anayi azikonzedwa). Pakati pawo, zinthu zowonjezera ndi zokhazikika zimakhazikika - mothandizidwa ndi zolumikizana zolimba. Mbali zotsutsana pambuyo pa msonkhano ziyenera kuwoneka zofanana.
Kuti mulimbikitse kukhazikika pakati pa woyamba ndi wachiwiri, komanso wachitatu ndi wachinayi, muyenera kukhazikitsa struts - mipiringidzo yaying'ono yamtanda waung'ono, womwe umapangidwa
Kenako nkhope yakutsogolo imasonkhana. Nsanamira zapakati zimakhazikitsidwa mu masentimita 1m 80. Kuti zisasunthire pakakonzedwa kwazinthu zina, zimatha kulumikizidwa kwakanthawi ndi mzake ndi bolodi yokhazikitsidwa pazikuluza. Amakonzekera kuti hozblok ikhale ndi magawo awiri, kotero muyenera kukonzekera makomo awiri ndikuphatikizanso kukhazikitsa gawo. Miyeso ya zitseko ndizitali 2 m ndi 85 cm mulifupi. Ku mbali yakutsogolo kudzakhalanso kutsegulidwa kwawindo, malo ake ali pakati pa 2 ndi 3 racks.
Pamsonkano, pazenera msewu wopingasa uyenera kukhazikitsidwa: mtunda kuchokera pa chimango kupita kumlingo wotsika ndi 80 cm, mtunda pakati pa mbali zonse ndi 1 m
Mbali yakumbuyo imasonkhanitsidwa mofanananira ndi kutsogolo, koma njirayi imasinthidwa chifukwa chosapezeka pazenera ndi zitseko. Muyenera kuyika mabulowa awiri apakati ndi gawo la 1 m 80 masentimita, ndikukhazikitsa zingwe pakati pa awiriawiri. Kukhudza komaliza ndikutembenukira kumtunda kwa kutalika kwa 2 m, komwe mtengo wokulirapo wa 5 cm x 10 cm umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zomangika pamodzi "butt" ndikukhazikitsidwa ndi ngodya zotsogola.
Gawo # 4 - chipinda chosanja ndi padenga
Msonkhano wamatchalitchi umachitika bwino pansi, kenako wokonzeka kukhazikitsa hozblok. Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza crate molondola - yolimba kapena mosiyanasiyana, kutengera padenga la zinthu. Makona a denga ndi pafupifupi madigiri 10. Mukakhazikitsa zipilala zimayikidwa pazikuni zodzijambulira zokha, ndipo zokutira ndi ma cornices zimakonzedwa ndi bolodi yokonzedwa. Pofuna kupewa kuwoneka ming'alu, mabowo amomwe amadzigwetsera okha amapukutira.
Dengalo limayikidwa motere: limayikidwa pa mitengo yomwe ili kuseri kwa nyumbayo, kenako imadzuka mothandizidwa ndi maimidwe kapena kanyentchera ndipo imayikidwa m'matumba
Gawo # 5 - khungu lakunja ndi lakunja
Gawo lomaliza ndikutsata zingwe zochokera panja ndi kapangidwe kake ka nyumbayo. Chophimba chakumwamba (matailosi, masileti, zitsulo zachitsulo) chimayikidwa padenga, zitseko zimapachikidwa, mawindo amayikidwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, magawo amkati mwa mtundu wazoyikiratu amaikidwa, omwe amatha kuwaza ndi plywood. Kuti muchepetse makoma akunja, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ubweya wa mineral kapena chitho cha polystyrene.
Ngati muli ndi ukalipentala pang'ono, kumanga nyumba yotentha sikuwoneka kovuta komanso kovuta. M'tsogolomu, m'malo mwa woyamba, mtundu woyeserera, mutha kumanga mtundu wodalirika komanso wolimba.
Ngati nyumba itamangidwa pambuyo pomanga nyumbayo, itha kupangidwanso ngati njira yowonjezera ku nyumba yayikulu pakupanga khomo lina lowonjezera mkati
Makanema okhala ndi zitsanzo zomanga hozblokov
Kanema # 1:
Kanema # 2:
Kanema # 3:
