Onion-batun ndi mbewu yosatha yamasamba yomwe imawoneka ngati mapesi a anyezi. Izi anyezi osiyanasiyana ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri komanso zofunika pakati pa alimi. Chikhalidwe chathu chakhala chotchuka osati kalekale, komabe chimalimidwa zonse kudzera mbande ndikufesa mwachindunji panthaka.
Kubzala mbewu za mbande
Kukula mmera wa anyezi mmera momwe amafunikira kuti apeze masamba oyambira, ndipo alephera kuchita nyengo yozizira.
Mbewu za anyezi-batun mawonekedwe amawoneka ngati chernushka wamba
Kukonzekera kwapadera ndi akasinja
Kuti mukule bwino mbande za anyezi, muyenera kukonzekera dothi losakaniza bwino. Nthawi zambiri, olima mbewu amakonzekera izi:
- chisakanizo cha humus ndi sod lapansi m'malo ofanana (theka chidebe);
- 200 g wa phulusa;
- 80 magalamu nitroammofoski.
Zida zonse zimaphatikizidwa bwino.
Asanagwiritse ntchito, nthaka yotsimikizirayo imalimbikitsidwa kuti igwetsedwe, pomwe nthaka imakhetsedwa ndi 2% potaziyamu permanganate yankho.
Kuphatikiza pa kusakaniza kwa dothi, muyenera kusamalira kukonzekera kwa thanki yakamatera. Mwakutero, mbande za 15 cm kutalika ndi mabowo pansi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Komanso, pakutsitsa pansi, kutsanulira mzere wamiyala 1 cm.
Zomwe zitha kubzala mbande za anyezi ziyenera kukhala zazitali masentimita 15 ndi mabowo pansi ndi chosyanasiyana
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu
Ziribe kanthu chikhalidwe chomwe mukufuna kukula, kapangidwe ka zinthu za mbewu sikuyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zilowerere nyemba za anyezi-batun musanadzalemo m'madzi wamba kapena mu njira yothira feteleza wopatsa mphamvu wokwanira piritsi 1 pa lita imodzi yamadzi.
Njira yowotchera iyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti mbewu isapereke mphukira zazitali kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kubzala nthawi yambiri.
Monga njira yothiririra, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito potaziyamu potanganum permanganate. Mbewu zimayikidwamo kwa mphindi 20, kenako zimanyowa m'madzi ofunda kwa maola 24, pomwe madziwo amafunika kusinthidwa kangapo. Pambuyo pa njirayi, mbewu zimayanika ndikuyamba kufesa. Kukonzekera koteroko kumapereka kumera koyambirira, nthawi zambiri kwa sabata limodzi.
Pokonzekera mbewu, zimanyowa m'madzi wamba kapena yankho la potaziyamu permanganate
Kubzala masiku
Kuti mulime anyezi koyenera, ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi yobzala. Mbande zofesedwa theka lachiwiri la Epulo. Ngati dera lanu limakhala lotentha, kukhazikika kungachitike pang'ono. Kubzala mbande pamalowo kumachitika mchaka cha June, ndipo mu Seputembala amakolola, limodzi ndi mababu (ndi kulima kwapachaka).
Kufesa mbewu za mbande
Mukakonza dothi, muli ndi mbeu, nthawi yakwana yoti mubwere. Pangani izi motere:
- Kutalika kwakukulu kumadzaza dziko lapansi, ma grooves amapangidwa ndi kuya kwa 1.5-3 masentimita pamtunda wa 5-6 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Pofesa mbewu m'nthaka, mitengo yophukira imapangidwa kuya kwa 1.5-3 masentimita ndi mtunda kuchokera kwa wina ndi theka la masentimita 5-6
- Bzalani mbewu.
Mbewu zofesedwa m'minda yokonzedwa
- Finyani nyembazo ndi dothi lotayirira (1.5 cm), pomwe pansi limakutidwa ndikukupangika pang'ono.
Fesa mbewu mutafesa ndi dothi lapansi
- Mchenga wamtsinje wa 2 cm umathiridwa pamtunda ndikuwunyowa ndi mfuti yothira, womwe umachotsa kukokoloka kwa zigawo zonse ndi kukokoloka kwa mbewu.
- Zabzala zophimbidwa ndi galasi kapena polyethylene ndikuzisamutsira kuchipinda komwe kutentha kudzasungidwa + 18-21 ° C.
Mutabzala, chotengera chimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi.
Kanema: Kubzala anyezi mbande za mbande
Kusamalira Mbewu
Mphukira zitawonekera, filimuyo iyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo bokosi loyimilira liziika pazenera lakumwera. Komabe, chipindacho sichiyenera kutentha kwambiri: ndibwino ngati kutentha kuli mkati + 10-11 10ะก. Pambuyo pa tsiku, ndikofunikira kusunga mawonekedwe otsatirawa a kutentha: + 14-16 ° C masana ndi + 11-13 ° C usiku. Ngati sizingatheke kupirira kutentha komwe kwatchulidwa, ndiye kuti usiku ndizokwanira kuti mutsegule mawindo ndi zitseko, koma nthawi yomweyo kuti palibe zolemba.
Kuti mupeze mbande zolimba, mbewu zimafunikira kupereka kuwala kowonjezereka, chifukwa anyezi-batun amafunika masana maola 14. Monga gwero lazowunikira zakale, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito fluorescent, LED kapena phytolamp. Chipangizo chowunikira pamwamba pa mbewu chimakhala chotalika masentimita 25. M'masiku atatu oyambirira mutayikapo nyali, sayenera kuzimitsidwa, zomwe ndi zofunika kuti mbewu zizolowere kuyatsa. Kenako gwero limatsegulidwa ndi kuyimitsidwa mwanjira yoti ikwaniritse kutalika kwakutalika kwa tsiku.
Pambuyo pa kubzala mbande, anyezi amafunika kuyatsa kokwanira, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Chofunikira kwambiri pakusamalira mbande ndikuthirira. Onjezani kubzala nthawi zambiri, koma pang'ono. Nthaka siyenera kupukuta, koma chinyezi chochulukirapo sichiyenera kuloledwa. Sabata itatha kumera, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika. Superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate, magalamu 2.5 pa 10 malita a madzi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zakudya. Masamba oyamba akangowonekera, mbande zopendekera zimapangidwa, n kusiya kutalika kwa masentimita atatu pakati pa mbande. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kutsegula zenera ndi chitseko, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi yopumira. Pakatha masiku atatu, kubzala kumatulutsidwa kunja, koyamba kwa tsiku, kenako mumatha kusiya usiku.
Thirani mu nthaka
Pofika nthawi yobzala, mbewuzo zikuyenera kukhala ndi mizu yolimba bwino, timapepala totsimikizika 3-4 ndi tsinde lomwe limakhala ndi maincheli atatu masentimita m'munsi. Njira yodzala mbande sizimabweretsa mavuto. Zimadzuka mpaka kuti pamalo osankhidwa, mabowo amakumbidwa mpaka akuya masentimita 11-13 kuchokera patali ndi masentimita 20 kuchokera pamenepo, atabzalidwa.
Mbande za anyezi wobzalidwa m'munda wobiriwira ali ndi miyezi iwiri
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera phulusa lamatabwa la Zhumen mu dzenje, nyowetsani nthaka ndikukhazikitsa tumphuka, ndikupangika pansi. Imakhalabe madzi ndikutsanulira wosanjikiza mulch 1 masentimita pogwiritsa ntchito humus kapena udzu.
Mulch imasunga chinyezi m'nthaka komanso imalepheretsa udzu kukula.
Kubzala mbewu munthaka
Pofesa mbewu pamalowo pamafunika kukonzekera mabedi ndi zinthu zofunikira.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Anyezi-batun amakonda nthaka yachonde ndi acidic yochepa kapena yosatenga nawo mbali. Ndikofunika kuti musankhe zodera zopepuka kapena dothi lamchenga. Madera olemera ndi acidic, komanso omwe amapezeka m'malo otsika komanso osefukira ndi madzi, siabwino kulima mbewu. Pa dothi lamchenga, mutha kukula anyezi, koma nthawi yomweyo pamakhala ma peduncle ambiri, omwe amawonongera zolakwika.
Ndikwabwino kubzala mbewu mutatha mbatata, kabichi, zukini, dzungu, komanso manyowa obiriwira. Chachikulu ndikuti feteleza wachilengedwe sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsogola, kumene namsongole amatha kumera. Simuyenera kubzala anyezi-batun mutatha adyo, nkhaka, kaloti, komanso anyezi pambuyo, chifukwa izi zimathandizira kukulitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka. Popeza mtundu wa anyezi pamafunso amatanthauza mbewu zosatha ndipo zimatha kukhala malo amodzi kwa zaka 4, bedi lakumunda liyenera kukonzedwa bwino kuti libzalidwe.
Dothi lodzala anyezi limaphatikizidwa ndi michere ndi michere
Patsamba lokhala ndi acidic, theka la chaka musanafese, phulusa lamatabwa la 0,5 makilogalamu pa 1 m 1 limayambitsidwa. Dothi losauka limakumana ndi masabata awiri musanabzalidwe ndi izi:
- humus - 3-5 makilogalamu;
- superphosphate - 30-40 g;
- ammonium nitrate - 25-30 g;
- potaziyamu mankhwala enaake - 15-20 g.
Ponena za kukonza mbewu, amachita monga momwe amafesa mbande. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mbeu zonyowa zimafunika kubzalidwe kokha munthaka, chifukwa zina zimangofera munthaka.
Kubzala masiku
Kufesa mbewu m'nthaka yosatetezeka kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yamasika ndipo kumatha kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira anyezi-batoni, mosasamala nthawi ya njirayi, kulibe kusiyana.
Popeza mtundu wa anyezi womwe ukufunsidwa ndi woyenera kulimidwa mikhalidwe ya nyengo yaku Russia, kutentha kwa mpweya panthawi ya boom kuthamanga kumatha kukhala kwakukulu + 10-13 ° C. Mitundu imatha kupirira kutsika kwa kutentha mpaka -4-7 ° C. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kufesa mbewu zitha kuchitika pokhapokha dothi litenthe pang'ono.
Kubzala anyezi-batun poyera kutha kuchitidwa kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti kapena nyengo yachisanu isanachitike
Ngati chikhalidwe chakula ngati chomera pachaka, ndiye kuti mbewuzo zingafesedwe nthawi yomweyo, zipatso zowuma zitangodutsa. Mwambiri, tsiku lomaliza ndi March-kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Ngati anyezi amadzalidwa ngati osatha, ndiye kuti mbewu zimabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe kapena nthawi yophukira. Iyenera kukumbukiridwanso kuti nthawi yakubzala yophukira, amadyera amayamba kuphukira masika, matalala atasungunuka komanso thandi nthaka.
Kufesa
Anyezi-batun pabedi amafesedwa mizere yopanga kale. Muyenera kutsatira dongosolo lotsatira lodzala:
- mtunda pakati pa njere mu mzere wa 10 cm;
- pakati pa mizere 20 cm;
- embedment kuya 3 cm.
Mbewu pa bedi lililonse zimafesedwa mpaka 3 cm, pakati pa 10 cm ndi pakati pa mizere 20 cm
Mbewu zitha kufalikira nthawi yomweyo. Ndikakhuta kokwanira, kupatulira kumafunika. Wonongerani nthawi yoyamba pepala lenileni. Ngati mbewu ibzalidwe m'dzinja, kupatulira kumachitika chaka chamawa, mbande zikaoneka.
Vidiyo: Kubzala anyezi panthaka
Kusamalira anyezi
Njira zazikulu za agrotechnical zosamalira anyezi-baton ndizothirira, kuvala pamwamba, kulima. Kuthirira mbewu kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo, pomwe pafupipafupi ndi voliyumu ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi dera lanu, i.e., kutengera nyengo. Chifukwa chake, m'madera ena zimakhala zokwanira kumunyowetsa nthaka kamodzi pa sabata pamlingo wa malita 10 pa 1 mita imodzi ya mabedi, pomwe ena angakhale wofunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi - katatu pa sabata.
Kudulira koyamba kumachitika kuti muchepetse malo obzala wandiweyani, ndikusiya masentimita 66. Pambuyo pake, nthaka munthaka imasulidwa, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza zokolola. Mtsogolomo, njira yolimidwayo imachitika ikatha kuthirira ndi mvula.
Ndikofunikira kukankhira pansi mosamala kuti musawononge mizu ya anyezi wachichepere.
Njira imodzi yosamalirira anyezi ndi kulima, yomwe imapereka chomera bwino.
Mkhalidwe wofunikira kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino ndikukhazikitsa zakudya. Anyezi amadyetsedwa kangapo munyengo. Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe pogwiritsa ntchito zolengedwa (mullein 1: 8 kapena kulowetsedwa kwa zitosi za mbalame 1:20). Zopangira feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa mwezi umodzi zitamera ndi kugwa masiku 30 chisanu chisanachitike. Monga feteleza, potaziyamu nitrate amagwiritsidwa ntchito, amatha 14 g pa 1 m². M'chilimwe, kuphatikiza anyezi, mabedi amatha kuwazidwa pang'ono ndi phulusa.
Kubzala anyezi wamasika kwa dzinja
Kubzala mbewu nthawi yachisanu nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu Novembala, nthawi yozizira ikayamba ndipo kutentha kwa nthaka kumatsikira mpaka -3-4 ° C.
Kubzala pansi pazinthu zotere ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kumera mbeu isanayambike, apo ayi zimangosowa.
Bedi la anyezi limakonzedwa kale ndi mchere komanso zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Kubzala kumachitika m'njira zotsatirazi:
- Mizere imapangidwa 2 cm kuya ndi mzere kutalikirana 20 cm, mbewu m'manda mwaiwo ndi yokutidwa ndi lapansi.
Mizere pansi pa uta imapangidwa kuya 2 cm, pakati pa mizere mtunda uyenera kukhala 20 cm
- Kubzala mulch ndi peat kapena humus, kenako compact nthaka.
- Kwa nthawi yozizira, bedi lokhala ndi mbewu limakutidwa ndi udzu kapena nthambi, komanso chipale chofewa.
Munda wozizira umakutidwa ndi nthambi kapena udzu
- Kuti mbande zizitha kuonekera mwachangu mu April, mu Epulo gawo ndi anyezi wokutidwa ndi filimu.
Kuphukira anyezi kuphukira mwachangu, kuphimba bedi ndi filimu
Chikhalidwe kuphatikizira
Kufunika kothira anyezi kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kuti amasule chiwembu chobzala mbewu ina kapena zosowa zina. Opaleshoniyo ikuchitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ngakhale kuti wamaluwa ena amachita mu August kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Kuti muziika, muyenera kusankha malo oyenera, konzani mabowo, kukumba mosamala mbewu zabwino ndikuzisamutsa kumalo atsopano. Kubzala zachikhalidwe kuyenera kuchitika pamlingo womwewo, i.e., popanda kuzama ndi kukweza. Ndondomekoyo ikakhala yokwanira, muyenera kuthira nthaka.
Kanema: momwe mungasinthire anyezi-batun
Mukakulitsa anyezi-batun, ndikofunikira kukonzekera bwino mbewu ndi nthaka, komanso kubzala mogwirizana ndi malingaliro. Kuti mbewu zikule ndikukula bwino, ndikofunikira kuperekera chisamaliro choyenera, zomwe zingapangitse kuti azilandira masamba atsopano nyengo yonseyo.
