Pini ndi woimira mtundu wa Pine womwe umakhala wobiriwira, womwe umakhalabe wautali kwa zaka 100-600 ndikufikira mamita 35-75 mu msinkhu. Saliwopa chimfine, chipale chofewa, mphepo, chilala. Mtengo umakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo umakhudza kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa mlengalenga, ndipo chifukwa cha machiritso ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ndi mitundu ya mapini. Mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo ya mapiritsi kawirikawiri imasankhidwa molingana ndi khalidwe lalikulu la malongosoledwe - chiwerengero cha zingano zazitsulo:
- gulu la ma conifers awiri (pine, nyanja ndi ofanana);
- atatu-coniferous (monga Bunge);
- asanu-coniferous (Weymutov, Siberia, Japan ndi ena, ali ndi ofanana coniferous bwalo dongosolo).
Zachilendo
Pini (lat. Pinus sylvestris) ndi mitundu yamba yomwe imakula mu Asia ndi Ulaya. Mitengo yayitali kwambiri ya mitundu iyi imapezeka pafupi ndi nyanja ya Baltic (mbali ya kumwera kwa gombe). Iwo amafika mamita 40 mpaka 50 mu msinkhu. Thunthu lolunjika limaphatikiza makungwa a mtundu wofiira wa enviable thickness, strewn ndi mabala. Mtengo wapamwamba wa thunthu ndi nthambi ndi khungwa lochepa kwambiri lomwe lili ndi mtundu wofiira-lalanje, womwe umakhala wokongola kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Mtengo wa Pine uli ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Miyeso yokwana 500 yokha inalipira 1 cu. M mlengalenga mu nkhalango, mu mzinda waukulu - 36 zikwi.Nyerere zapamwamba, zomwe kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 8, mitengo ya mitundu iyi ili ndi mtundu wa buluu ndipo imadziwika ndi kukhwima. Imakhala ngati yokongoletsera zaka 2-7. Madzi a masentimita 7 a mawonekedwe a ovoid-ovoid amadzazidwa ndi mbewu zakuda ndi imvi.
Ali wamng'ono, mtengowo umasiyanitsidwa ndi korona woboola pakati, womwe umawonjezereka ndi kuzungulira nthawi. Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala mu May - June. Mitundu imeneyi ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana (Globosa Viridis, Repanda, etc.) ndipo imatchuka chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso zapamwamba kwambiri.
Phiri
Pini yamapiri (lat. Pinus mugo) makamaka imakhala kumwera ndi ku Ulaya. Mtengowo uli ndi korona woboola kapena yobiriwira, yokhala ndi makoswe omwe amamera, komanso ma singano ozungulira omwe ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
Dziŵani ndi anthu otere a banja la Pine monga mkungudza wa Siberia, Weymouth pine, mafuta a basamu, spruce, a Canadian fir, mountain pine, ndi pine wamtengo wapatali.Mitengo ya anthu okhala m'phiri imakhala ngati zipangizo zosungiramo zowonongeka komanso zowonongeka, utomoni ndi zinthu zodzikongoletsera. Mitundu imeneyi ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera malo (Mugus, Carstens, Pug, Hesse, etc.).

Siberia
Pine wa Siberia, kapena mkungudza wa Siberia (latini Pinus sibirica), amakhala mumtsinje wa kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Siberia. Mtengo wokhalapo wa oimira mitunduyo ndi 20-25 mamita, koma palinso mitengo ya mamita 40.
Iwo ali ndi nthambi zazikulu ndi korona wambiri wothandizira wazitsulo zosalala zakuda (masentimita 14).
Chombocho chili ndi mtundu wofiirira. Mitengo yokongola ya ku Siberia imabisa mitengo ya mkungudza pansi pa mamba.
Mdima
Black pine waku Austrian (latini Pinus nigra) ndi woimira mthunzi wouma kwambiri wochokera kumpoto kwa Mediterranean, womwe umatalika kufika pa mamita 20-55. Mitengo yaing'ono imakhala ndi korona woboola pakati, koma akulu ali ndi ambulera.
Mdima wandiweyani ndi minofu yofiira imakhala yolimba komanso yovuta, ndipo nthawi zina imakhala yofooka. Mitundu imeneyi imatchuka chifukwa cha makungwa ake wakuda omwe ali ndi mizere yakuya.
Malongosoledwe ka mawu ndi chithunzi sakunena zonse kukongola ndi ukulu wa pine wakuda. Nkhono zazikulu ndi singano zolunjika ndizowonjezera kuwonjezera pa munda uliwonse. Pierik Bregon, Piramidalis, Austriaca, Bambino ndi ena mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mitundu.
Balkan (Rumelian)
Balkan Pine (lat. Pinus pang'onoce) - amakhala m'mapiri a Balkan Peninsula. Mitundu yowirira mofulumira ndi mthunzi yopanda ulemu ku malo okhalamo. Mitengo imakula kufika mamita 20. Oimira Rumelian amapanga nkhalango za mitundu yoyera kapena yosakaniza pa 700-2300 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja.
Mtengowu umakhala ndi singano zobiriwira zobiriwira, zomwe zimapanga korona woboola pakati. Ali ndi zaka zoyambirira, palibe ming'alu ya bulauni yokhala ndi imvi ya mtengo wa mtengo, koma chaka chilichonse umakhala wowala ndipo umasintha mtundu wofiira.
Himalayan
Himalayan pine, kapena Walliha (latini Pinus wallichiana), amakhala m'mapiri a Annapurna (South), ku Himalayas, pamtunda wa 1.8-3.76 km pamwamba pa nyanja. Mtengo wokongoletsawu umakula 30-50 mamita pamwamba.
Mtengo umadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa korona wonyezimira wobiriwira ndi nsapato zazikulu. Mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ya Himalayan: Densa Hill, Nana, Glauca, Vernisson, Zebrina.
Weymouth
Pine Weymouth, kapena East White (lat. Pinus strobus), amapezeka kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa North America ndi kum'maŵa kwa Canada. Mtengo uli pafupi kwambiri ndi mtengo chifukwa cha thunthu lake lokhala ndi mamita 67 kukula. Chigawo chake chimakhala cha 1.3 mpaka 1.8 mamita.
Ndikofunikira! Pine Weymutov amayamba pachimake pokhapokha ali ndi zaka 10.Nkhono ya mtundu wa pininiyi ali wamng'ono kwambiri imakhala ndi kukhalapo kwa maonekedwe ndi molumikiza masingano a masentimita 10 m'litali. Patapita nthawi, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osasinthika. Makungwawa ndi osiyana ndi zofiirira.
Mtundu uwu umapeza ntchito yake yomanga. Mitundu monga Aurea, Blue Shag, Вrevifolia, Sontorta, Densa ndi yotchuka kwambiri.
Virginian
Virginia pine (lat. Pinus virginiana) ndi wokhala mofulumira wokhala kumadera akum'mawa kwa North America. Kutalika kwake kumakhala kuchokera 10 mpaka 18 mamita. Korona imakhala yozungulira. Mphepete mwa mpumulo wokhotakhota uli ndi mtundu wofiira, womwe umakhala ndi ubweya wofiira pamwamba pa mtengo.
Mtengo umadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa singano zobiriwira zobiriwira komanso zooneka ngati mazira. Mphukira yofiira yofiira ikhoza kukhala yowuma kapena yokutidwa ndi utomoni. Mapiritsi a Virgin amakonda malo ozizira ndi dzuwa, kutentha kwambiri ndi nthaka yachonde.
Ndikofunikira! Malo akuluakulu a m'tauni sali oyenera kukula minda ya pine chifukwa cha mpweya woipa kwambiri.Kawirikawiri mawonekedwewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsera za m'munda ndi paki. Zimayenda bwino ndi mitengo ina (mthunzi, mapulo ndi ena).

Mkungudza wa ku Korea
Korea pine pine (latini Pinus koraiensis), yomwe imatchedwa mkungudza wa ku Korea, imakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mitundu ina - kulemera kwake. Kutalika kwake sikudutsa mzere wa mamita 40.
Zingakhale zothandiza kuti mudziwe za tizirombo ta mitengo ya coniferous, makamaka za njira zotsutsana ndi mbozi.Ndili m'kati mwake, korona wokhotakhota ndi yofanana ndi mitundu ya Siberia, koma nthawi yomweyo imasiyana moonekera.
Nthano zobiriwira zamasamba za nthambi zimadzafika masentimita 20 m'litali. Mtengo umadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zidutswa zamadzimadzi ndi miyeso yokhotakhota pamapeto. Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya pine imene ingathe kukhala mumzindawu. Mitundu yotchuka ndi Variegata, Glauka, Vinton.
Cedar elfin
Pine stanica, kapena mtengo wa mkungudza elfin pine (latini Pinus pumila), ndi mitundu yamba yomwe imapezeka ku Primorsk ku Kamchatka ndi kumpoto. Mitengo ya timitengo imakula mpaka mamita 4-5. Crohn ndiwopsya ndipo imasiyana mosiyana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa mitengo: mtengo, zokwawa kapena zoboola.
Zisoti za mtengo wa mkungudza zinkakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Nkhumba zapaini ndi mawonekedwe awo osiyana-siyana siziri za zipatso zazikulu. Mbewu imaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a mtedza. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mkungudza imakhala yayikulu kwambiri: Blue Blue, Globe, Jeddeloh, Nana ndi ena.
Dahlia
Pini-flowered pine, kapena Japan wofiira (lat. Pinus densiflora), ndi yokwanira mamita 30 mu msinkhu. Mtengo umakhala wochuluka pamtunda wa miyala (mwachitsanzo, otsetsereka a China, Japan ndi Korea).
Kupindika kwa thunthu - mbali yake. Makungwa a nthambi zazing'ono za mtengo zimakhala ndi ubweya wofiira, wakale ali ndi imvi yosaoneka bwino. Crohn ndi wosiyana kwambiri. Ndilo razlagaya komanso lozungulira.
Zokakamizidwa
Pine yophika (lat. Pinus uncinata) imakula pokhapokha zokongoletsa zokongola. Zisoti zake - kapezi kakang'ono ka singano za Scots pine. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kukula kwa mabampu kupitirira kukula kwa singano.
Monga lamulo, mitengo ya mitundu iyi imabzalidwa m'magulu kapena magulu, koma chimodzimodzi ndichimodzimodzinso ndichilendo.
Crimean
Chi Crimean pine, kapena Palassa (lat. Pinus pallasiana), ndi imodzi mwazitali (pafupifupi mamita 45 kutalika) mitundu yomwe ili m'chigawo cha Crimea ndi Caucasus. Ngakhale kuti izo zalembedwa mu Bukhu Loyera, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo uwu monga chinyumba.
Mzinda wa Crimea ndi malo omwe akhalapo nthawi yaitali, popeza adakhalabe ndi moyo kwa zaka pafupifupi 600.
Mukudziwa? Mtengo wakale kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi Metusela. Iye ali pafupi zaka 4845. Malo ake okhala ndi California National Reserve.Maonekedwe a piramidi (moyo woyambirira) ndi mawonekedwe a korona wofanana ndi akale (okalamba), masentimita khumi ndi awiri a masentimita akuluakulu ndi kuwala kwa michere ya oblong ndizofanana ndi mtengo. Pamwamba pa thunthu la mthunzi wakuda wakuda uli ndi mizere yakuya.
Oimira a Crimea mitundu ali ndi zokongoletsera katundu.
Sosnowski
Pine Sosnowski (lat. Pinus sosnowskyi) amakula m'mapiri a Crimea, Caucasus, Iran ndi Turkey. Iye ndi mwini wake wa cones ndi mamba wokhoma.
Nthano za mtengo wa mitundu iyi zimasiyana ndi zina mwa mtundu wawo wobiriwira. Sosnovsky Pine ndi wa chisanu-wolimba nthawi zonse.
Pine monga mtundu uli ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi machiritso ndi antiseptic. Amakhala otchuka osati pakati pa opanga mankhwala, komanso okonza mapulani, ngakhale makampani omangamanga (makamaka chifukwa cha mtengo wake monga chinyumba). Komabe, mtengo uwu ukhoza kusangalatsa diso kwa zaka zoposa khumi ndi ziwiri.