Zovala zamadzimadzi ndizofala kwa zomera kapena nyama zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi kwa ena. Actinidia ndi wopitilira malamulo achilengedwe. Chomera chowoneka bwino ichi chomwe chili ndi masamba abwino ndi zipatso za emarodi zowoneka bwino zili ndi machiritso ndipo chimatha kupikisana ndi othandizira zingotic.
Kukula kwa Actinidia ku Dera la Moscow
Actinidia ndi mpesa wobwerezabwereza, koma chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake kwapadera, idapulumuka pakusintha kwanyengo ndipo lero ikulira ku Far East, China ndi mayiko angapo a Central ndi East Asia.
Actinidia akhoza kubzala osati ku East East, komanso kumadera oyandikira
Zoti mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamabodza imamera m'madambo, tili ndi mbiri ya E.I. Soseji.
Kuyambira 1958, Ella Johannovna adaphunzira actinidia ndi lemongrass - mbewu zakutchire za Far East, zilumba za Kuril ndi Primorye. Zitsanzo adazisonkhanitsa ndi wofufuza momwe adapangira mbewu kuchokera pazipatso zamipesa zakutchire ndikuzipereka ku likulu la ntchito yosankha. Mu 1980s, m'mudzi wa Mikhnevo, Stupino m'chigawo cha Moscow, mitundu 27 ya zolembera idapezeka, zomwe zidalembedwera mu State Register yazosankhidwa.
Actinidia amakula bwino ndipo amabala zipatso osati kum'mawa kwa Russia, komanso m'matawuni chifukwa cha obereketsa kunyumba
Kubzala Actinidia
Actinidia amasankha dothi lokhala ndi acidic komanso pang'ono (kapena losalowerera ndale), lopukutidwa bwino, koma osasunthika madzi. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa malo owala bwino, abwino kumbali yakum'mawa ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, pamtsetse. Ngati dothi lomwe lili m'derali ndi loonda, lolemera, mutha kuwonjezera mchenga wamtsinje.
Tchire la currant limakhala malo oyandikana ndi mitengo ya mpesa, koma ndibwino kubzala mitengo ya Actinidia kuchokera ku mtengo wa apulo momwe mungathere.
Momwe mungabzalire mtengo wa mpesa
- Pakufikira, amakumba mabowo a 50x50 masentimita kukula kwake, mafosholo aku Bayonet imodzi ndi theka, ndikutalika kwa 1.5-2 metres. Mbande zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimasankhidwa pasadakhale; ndikwabwino kukhala ndi mbeu zazimayi zosachepera 3-5 pachimuna chilichonse.
- Choyamba, ngalande imayikidwa pansi pa dzenje lakufikira: njerwa yophwanyika, dongo loonjezedwa, kapena miyala ya mitsinje. Nthaka imathiridwa pamadzi. Wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuthira mulu, ndikubzala actinidia mmenemo. Ndizomveka kuyeseza ngati palibe malo otsika. Chifukwa chake madziwo sadzasunthika ndikudzaza mizu.
- Asanabzike, mmera wa actinidia amathiriridwa madzi ambiri. Wobzalidwa mu dzenje, wokutidwa ndi dothi ndi zowonjezera zonse, wopopera bwino ndikuthiranso madzi.
- Khosi la mizu singathe kuzama. Wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuti mulching bwalo la pafupi-thunthu la Actinidia mutabzala ndi udzu wosenda.
Kwa actinidia ndibwino kutipanga phirili kuti dothi lisasunthe
- Monga liana lililonse, actinidia amafunikira chithandizo kuti zinthu zikule bwino komanso kuphuka. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa trellis yolimba pasadakhale kuti mutabzala mbewu musavulaze mizu pomanga zida zothandizira.
Madzi a Actinidia amathandizira amphaka, pakufunafuna komwe amakumba mizu ndikuwononga timitengo tating'ono. Lili liana limakula, ndibwino kuti liziteteza ku nyama zomwe zili ndi maenje achitsulo.
Kusamalira mbewu
Actinidia amakonda chinyezi. Munthawi yowuma, kuthilira pamtondo ndikothandiza - izi zimapulumutsa mpesa pakuchotsa masamba.
Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa mizu, kukumba kwakatundu pansi panthaka sikukulimbikitsidwa. Kulima kokha ndi kuchotsa udzu kwa mbande zazing'ono ndizovomerezeka. Zomera zokulira zimachepetsa namsongole.
Mukamasankha mavalidwe apamwamba, muyenera kukumbukira kuti actinidia amaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza wa mandimu ndi chloride.
Kutentha kwa Dera la Moscow nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwabwino chifukwa chobzala cha Actinidia. Mitundu yambiri imalekerera chisanu popanda mavuto mpaka 30 30-35zaC. Omwe amalima amalimbikitsa kuti pakhale chomera chaching'ono chabe; Ngati mphukira zina zowonongeka nthawi yozizira kuchokera ku chisanu, ndiye pambuyo pake zimachira msanga.
DKuti muchulukane zipatso za Actinidia, tikulimbikitsidwa kudula mphukira zochulukirapo. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzidulira munthawi ya kuyamwa kwamayendedwe, izi zimatha kupha mbewu. Nthawi yoyenera kumalumikiza ndi chiyambi cha chilimwe, panthawi yomwe kudulira sikumakhala kowawa kwa chomera.
Kudulira sikimalimbikitsidwa osati kungosintha, komanso kubereka bwino kwa Actinidia
Kuonetsetsa kuti zipatso zikupezeka nthawi zonse, mbewu zazimuna zonse ziyenera kubzalidwe. Actinidia ndi chomera chokongoletsa, ndipo olima, ngakhale atakhala ndi chidziwitso pakukolola kuchokera kwa akazi okha, amadziwa kuti akapatsanso amuna, zokolola zimachulukana kangapo.
Kufunso la mitundu yodziyimira yokha ya actinidia, woimira sayansi yaulimi N.V. Kozak akuyankha:
Mitundu yonse ya Actinidia ndiyopatsa chidwi. Komanso, pamoyo wonse wa chomera chilichonse mtundu wake umasintha. Chifukwa chake, maluwa azomera zachikazi amayenera kupukutidwa ndi mungu kuchokera kwa mbewu zachimuna. Ndipo ngakhale maluwa achikazi ali ndi maluwa okhathamira, ma mungu amakhala osabala, ndiye kuti, sangathe kupaka maluwa a mbewu zina, kapena ake. Chifukwa chake palibe mitundu yodziyesa yokha ya mtundu wa actinidia colomict. M'munda wa actinidia, ndikofunikira kubzala, kwa akazi onse asanu ndi awiri, mipesa iwiri yaimuna (makamaka yamitundu yosiyanasiyana), ndi yamtundu wina, popeza kuphulika kwa mitala ndi mitala kumatheka kokha mwa mitundu yawo, ndipo mitundu yokhayokha ya actinidia ndi yoyenera kupukutirana: , giralda ndi utoto.
N. Kozak, woyimira masayansi azachipatala Newspaper News House No. 2 (Januware 2016)
Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chomeracho kukongoletsa malowo kapena mawonekedwe a nyumbayo, zilibe kanthu kuti mpesa wabzalidwa bwanji: onse ndi osiyanasiyana. Zomangamanga kwa Actinidia chifukwa chosowa mizu sikumaopsa.
Kanema: Ulimi wa Actinidia
Ndi mitundu yanji ya actinidia yomwe ingabzalidwe kumadera oyandikira
Masiku ano ku Station yodziyesa mbewu ya Moscow, pali mitundu yoposa 200 ya ma actinidia. State State of the Russian Federation ikuphatikiza:
- mitundu yakucha yakucha (Mphesa, Far East, Wochulukirapo, Mfumukazi ya Munda, Paki, Flat, Wokongola, Wnyumba);
- kukhwima kwapakati (Waffle, Smooth, Graceful, Maritsa, Coin, Early Dawn, Slasten, Magpie, Universitetskaya);
- kucha kwakumbuyo (Moma).
Mwa mitundu yomwe imamera m'dera la Russia, woyamba adapezeka actinidia colomicta, kuchokera pamenepo mitundu ina ya kusankhidwa kwanyumba idadulidwa.
Mwa zabwino zazikulu za colomict ndizomwe zili mu zipatso zake za kuchuluka kwa Vitamini C: pafupifupi 1000-1200 mg pa 100 g.Mabulosi amtunduwu wakuda ndi rasipiberi wa vitaminiyu - 100-300 ndi 25 mg / 100 g, motero, mandimu - 50-70 mg Zipatso za Actinidia - njira yothandiza yovulazira radiation, ndikuthandizira kuchotsa ma radionuclides m'thupi, kupewa kulowetsedwa kwa radioactive isotopes a potaziyamu ndi chlorine. Zipatso izi ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo zimasiyana ndi kukoma kwawo. Chifukwa chake, mitundu ya Lakomka ndi Waffelina imasiyanitsidwa ndi fungo lamphamvu la actinidium komanso lalikulu (mpaka 6 g), Marmeladka ali ndi fungo lamphamvu la sitiroberi, Maritsa ali ndi zipatso zotsekemera ndi fungo labwino la nkhuyu. Kununkhira kwa chinanazi mumitundu ya chinanazi, VIR-2, Leningrad yayikulu-zipatso.
Tatyana Savina //lubgazeta.ru/articles/313346.
Zosiyanasiyana za Actinidia zotchuka m'chigawo cha Moscow - tebulo
| Actinidia osiyanasiyana | Kucha nthawi | Kufotokozera Zipatso | Makhalidwe abwino |
| Kukangana kwa chinanazi | Kusintha koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ... Osakhazikika ayi. | Zipatso ndizopanda, 3 cm kutalika, ndi khungu lofiirira, onunkhira kwambiri | Kununkhira kwa chinanazi |
| Ganiberi | Nthawi yayitali yakucha. Amalephera kuzizira kwambiri. | Zipatso ndizowonda, zobiriwira maolivi, zamtundu, zazikulu, pafupifupi kulemera kwa 9.5 g. | Zipatsozi zimakoma kukoma komanso kununkhira. |
| Issai | Zipatso zimacha pakati pa Okutobala. Zosiyanasiyana ndizodzilimbitsa, zosankha zaku Japan, koma ngati pali ma pollinators pafupi, zipatsozo ndi zokulirapo. | Zipatso - mini-kiwi, mpaka 4 cm, kukula kwake mawonekedwe. Mtundu wa zipatso ndiwobiliwira, wokhala ndi fluff wagolide. | Imakoma kukoma ndi wowawasa, kununkhira. |
| Gourmet | Zikupezeka pakati pa Ogasiti. | Kapangidwe ka zipatsozo ndi cylindrical, kukakamizidwa pang'ono kuchokera kumbali. Zipatso za mtundu wa azitona, khungu loonda. | Kukoma kwake ndi kokoma, kununkhira kwa chinanazi. |
| Mlendo | Kucha koyambirira. | Zipatso ndi cylindrical, pang'ono zosakanizika pambuyo pake, mtundu kuchokera pakuwala mpaka maolivi amdima. Kulemera kwa zipatso ndi 1.9 g. | Kukoma kosangalatsa, kolemba mananasi. |
| Magpie | Nthawi yayitali yakucha. | Zipatso ndi cylindrical, elongated, khungu-owonda. Zipatso zolemera 2,5 g. | Kukomako kumakhala kokoma komanso kowawasa ndi zolemba za apulo. |
| Ella | Kutalika kwapakati, kosagwira chisanu. | Zipatso zake zimakhala zachikasu zobiriwira, cylindrical, zolemera 3 g pafupifupi, kulemera kwa zipatso zazikulu kumafika mpaka 5.8 g. | Zipatsozo ndizaphika, zokoma komanso zowawasa. |
Zosiyanasiyana zamitundu ya Actinidia: nyumba yazithunzi
- Mankhwala a Actinidia Argument Pineapple amapatsa zipatso zowuluka ndi burashi
- Zipatso za Issai - mini-kiwi, mpaka 4 cm
- Zipatso Gourmet maolivi owoneka ngati utoto, wowonda khungu, wokhala ndi fungo lamapapo
- Zipatso za Actinidia Magpie zili ndi vitamini C wambiri mpaka 2200 mg /%
Ndemanga
Chaka chino adayendetsa malo osungira a actinidia. Kolomikt anali ndi mwayi woti ayesere ku Mikhnevo ku MOVIR, ndipo panali chikhumbo choti asadzamtengerenso mkamwa mwake, wopanda choyipa. Ndili ndi mwana uyu Kolbasina, zaka zisanu zapitazo, adanditsimikizira kuti colomict ndiyomwe ndiyofunika kwambiri kuchita actinidia, yomwe sindingayiganizirepo konse yolakwika, chifukwa ku yunivesite ya Moscow State ndidayesa chithunzi cha zipatso zamphesa kwa nthawi yayitali (poganiza zatsopano). Ndidayesa Zotsutsana mwezi wa Okutobala mu dimba la botanical la ku Kiev ndipo ndikadapanda kutaya mtima ndikadakhala kuti ndi a Isaya, yemwe tsopano wapsa ndi ine ndipo, kwenikweni, amafanana ndi marmalade okoma kwambiri. Industrial actinidia argut wochokera ku America adakhalanso ndi mwayi woyesera zaka zingapo zapitazi motsatizana. Ngakhale ndizokoma, zimakhala ndi zolemba za turpentine pakomedwe, zomwe sizosangalatsa kwambiri. Pakadali pano, ndi m'modzi yekha wa omwe agwa mchikondi, ndipo kukaikira ndikumazungulira, mwina jamu akhoza kuyikiridwa?
Pambuyo pake//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=3667&st=40
Malingaliro anga, kupulumuka kwa colomictic sikudalira mitundu, koma pansi, inde. Zitsanzo zachimuna ndizachifundo. Ndimakula pa Palmette ndi zitsulo trellis kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa nyumbayo. Kutengera zofunikira zochepa za dothi komansoukadaulo woyambira, chikhalidwe cha ma colomics, mosiyana ndi arguta, sichimabweretsa mavuto. Zambiri zofunikira zitha kupezeka mosavuta kuchokera kuntchito za E. I. Kolbasina ndi N.V. Kozak, komanso mgwirizano wamagulu ambiri azachipatala cha Belarus S.F. Nedyalkov.
matupi//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=810
Ndikufuna kujowina mafani onse a Actinidia. Kuyambira 2000 ndakhala ndikukulira mitundu itatu ya actinidia colomict: Pavlovskaya, Seputembala, ndi zina zosadziwika. Kuphatikiza mwana yemwe mayanjidwe ake amadziwika sakudziwika. Ambiri monga Pavlovskaya pakukula kokhazikika, mbewu zazitali komanso zazikulu. Ngati tikufanizira ndi Sentyabrskaya, zomwe, zikuwoneka ngati zamphamvu kwambiri pakukula mphamvu kuposa Pavlovskaya, ndiye kuti wakale amakumbukira maluwa. Chipatsochi chimakhala chosiyanasiyana, chomwe sichinganenedwe za Pavlovskaya, pomwe zipatso zonse ndi chimodzi. Zitsamba zonse zazikazi zomwe zimabzikika ndi maluwa akuwoneka ngati maluwa pachimuna ... Komanso chaka chino, mitundu itatu ya colomicta idabzalidwa: Champion, Gourmand ndi Pamyat Kolbasina. Pafupifupi ma 15GHut (m'mbali yotakata) ndi mitala ayalanso kubzala, koma koyambilira kwambiri za izo.
Foxbane//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=810
Actinidia adawonekera m'mizinda ndikufalitsa okondwerera, wakula chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa chilimwe komanso okhala m'maluwa amateur, ndipo ambiri adziwa kale kukoma kosangalatsa kwa zipatsozi.
