Mphepo yamayambiriro kasupe imadzaza ndi mafungo a primroses. Ma Colcuses, ngati ma buluu okhala ndi mitundu yambiri padziko lapansi, osawuma nyengo yozizira, amawonetsera kuti posachedwa chilengedwe chikhala ndi moyo ndikukondweretsa anthu omwe akuchita phokoso la mitundu. Olima ambiri oyambira kumene amalima maluwa awa masika, koma si onse amene akudziwa malamulo aulimi. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za momwe ng’ona zimakhalira maluwa, zoyenera kuchita ndi mwini wake. Kodi kukumba mababu ndi momwe mungasungire zinthu zodzala.
Zambiri pazomera wazomera
Dzinali limachokera kuchilankhulo cha Chilatini. Dzina lake lachiwiri ndi safironi. Garden crocus ndi ya mtundu Saffron, banja Iris (Iridaceae), dongosolo Asparagaceae (Asparagales). Mitundu ili ndi mitundu yoposa 80.
Matchuthi kunkhalango
Crocus ndi masamba osatha amene amatulutsa mchaka kapena yophukira.
Anyezi wa mbewuyo amaphimbidwa ndi mamba, amakulungika kapena pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndi mainchesi mpaka 3 cm, okhala ndi mizu ya fibrous. Masamba oyambira ndipo nthawi zambiri, pamakhala duwa limodzi lomwe limatulutsa (nthawi zina limatuluka maluwa atatu).
Ndi utoto, ng'ona zimagawika m'maso achikuda (mithunzi yoyera kuchokera pa kirimu yoyera mpaka lalanje yowala) ndi maluwa amtambo (kuchokera kumtambo wobiriwira mpaka utoto wofiirira). Nthawi zina pamakhala ma albino ndi maluwa okhala ndi mitsempha yoyera.
M'minyama zamtchire, safironi imamera m'matanthwe otentha, nkhalango, mapiri a Central ndi Asia Minor, Southern ndi Central Europe, North Africa, ndi Middle East.
Zambiri!Stigmas zouma zamaluwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira zaku Asia, zakudya zaku Mediterranean komanso ngati utoto wachilengedwe wachikasu wa tchizi zopangidwa tokha, batala, zakumwa.
Kulima kwa Crocus: mawonekedwe
Zomera zimamera zonse poyera, mwachitsanzo, m'mundamo, ndi m'nyumba m'miphika.
Zambiri Kukula:
- Adabzala m'malo opepuka, kuma verandas, makonde, koma osatentha ndi dzuwa komanso osakonzekera.
- Dothi ndilabwino, lopanda chofewa, lotayirira, lowonjezereka chinyezi. Njira yabwino ndi yodula kapena yamchenga. Pamalo olemera, ngalande zimachitika kupewa matenda a tubers omwe ali ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
- Ma Crocuses samasankha pankhani yathanzi labwino. Koma munthawi ya kukula ndi maluwa, feteleza wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu amafunikira.
- Chomera chimatha chilala. Kutsirira pafupipafupi kumakhudza maluwa.
Maluwa mumphika
Zofunika!Kuti maluwa ambiri atuluke, masika amadzalidwa mu Okutobala, ndipo ngongole za yophukira mu Ogasiti.
Nthawi yabwino yosankha mababu
Zokwanira kusilira maluwawo, wamaluwa ayamba kukhala ndi chidwi ndi funso: kodi ng'ona zatha, mungachite nawo chotsatira? Tiyenera kudziwa kuti awa ndi mbewu zosagwira chisanu, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri sizikumbidwa ndikuziyika kwa zaka 3-5. Munthawi imeneyi, anyezi wa mayi amadzaza ndi othandizira pazinthu 10 mpaka zidutswa.
Koma ndikofunikira kuti musaphonye nthawi yomwe akuyika zikhalidwe kupita kumalo atsopano ndikofunikira.
Yang'anani! Ma Crocuses omwe amamera m'malo amodzi nthawi yayitali amatha kutha: ma tubers amadwala, kuvunda, maluwa amakhala osowa komanso ang'onoang'ono.
Milandu akufotokozedwa akalimbikitsidwa kukumba miyala yamkaka kamodzi pachaka:
- madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira kuti muteteze kuzizira;
- kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda;
- kuti muthe kupeza chinyamata chodzala.
Nyengo yoyeretsa
Nthawi yophukira kwa nyengo yophukira ndi June-Ogasiti, masika omwe aphukira - Julayi-Seputembara. Zimayamba masamba a dzuwo atagwa pansi, kutembenukira chikasu ndi masamba mosavuta.
Ino ndi nthawi yopambana kwambiri ngati kuli kofunika kukumba ng'ono mutatha maluwa kuti muthawe, kufalitsa ndikuyika ma tubers kuti musungidwe.
Tsiku louma komanso lozizira ndiloyenera ntchito yamtunduwu.
Njira yokuchera ng'ona
Konzani zofufuzira:
- nkhumba;
- chidutswa cha polyethylene kapena tarpaulin;
- mabungwe;
- bokosi la pulasitiki;
- magulovu apanyumba.
Kenako amachita izi:
- Kumbali ya tchire lachigoba, filimu yokonzedwa imafalikira pansi.
- Pafupifupi masentimita 5-7 kuchokera ku chitsamba, ma pitchforks amayendetsedwa ndikuzama ndipo mpira wamatope umachotsedwa mu filimuyo.
- Imaphwanyidwa bwino ndipo timibulu tonse timachotsedwako.
- Zimatsukidwa padziko lapansi pamanja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mtsinje wamadzi. Mizu imadulidwa mosamala ndi ma secateurs.
- Anyezi amaikidwa m'bokosi, ndikusunthidwa kumalo amtundu ndi wouma, woyikidwa pansi pachitunda chimodzi.
Vuto la momwe mungakumbire zinthu zobzala kuti muthane ndi ng'ona mwathetsa.
Kukumba amphaka
Zomwe ng'ona sizikufunika kukumba pakugwa: mitundu
Nyengo ino ndi yomwe imapanga maluwa ambiri agulugufewa. Zosiyanasiyana zamtunduwu ndizosadziwika bwino kwa amateur wamaluwa. Nayi ena a iwo:
- Crocus Sharoyan ali ndi mandimu achikasu achikasu. Limamasula mu theka lachiwiri la Seputembala.
- Kufesa - mitengo yofiirira yayikulu. Zonunkhira zake zonunkhira zimawuma ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati zonunkhira. Limamasaka mu Seputembala ndi Okutobala.
- Zabwino ndi imodzi mw mitundu yayitali kwambiri. Amamasuka koyambirira kwa Seputembu ndi maluwa oyera oyera kapena oyera a lilac.
- Maluwa ataliatali - ali ndi mtundu wosiyana, mitundu mochedwa, maluwa mu Novembala.
- Wokongola - maluwa obiriwira akulu opepuka, akumapanga chitsamba chimodzi inflorescence ya 5-10 zidutswa. Sungunulani mu Okutobala.
- Kholmovoy - yoyera yaying'ono, imayamba mu Seputembara.
- Banat - maluwa a lilac amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a iris. Zimasangalatsa diso ndi maluwa ake mwezi wonse wa September.
Momwe mungakonzekere bwino ma crocuses kuti asungidwe
Pukutani anyezi m'malo otentha a tsiku limodzi.
Kenako yang'anirani mosamala zowonongeka zamakina ndi pitchfork, tizilombo, makoswe, komanso kukhalapo kwa nkhungu, matenda, zilonda.
Pamwamba padzakhale louma, lopanda masamba, mawanga, mawonekedwe amtundu.
Wotsika kwambiri, wowonongeka - kukana ndi kuwononga. Wathanzi, wandiweyani wamkulu wa anyezi woyela - wothandizidwa ndi phytosporin kapena kuwala raster potaziyamu permanganate ndi kumuyika m'miyeso kutengera malo osungirako.
Momwe mungasungire kunyumba
Mpweya womwe mchipinda momwe mudaliramo muyenera kukhala watsopano, wozizira. Kutentha kumafanana ndi + 15 ... +18 ° C nthawi yonse yosungirako.
Kusungirako anyezi mumakoka
Kwa crocuses ya masika, nthawi yopumulirako ndi yosungirako ndi Julayi-Seputembara, ndipo kwa crocuses yophukira ndi June-Julayi.
Ng'ona zamkati ndi zomwe zimaphatikizidwa zimasungidwa mpaka kumayambiriro kwamasika. Nthawi yomweyo, amatsatira boma lochepetsa kutentha - + 10 ... +13 °C. Zabzulidwa miyezi 2,5 nthawi isanakhale.
Malamulo ofunikira osungira asanagulitsidwe ndi ng'ona:
- kutentha kwa mpweya kusaposa + 18 ° С ndipo osati kutsika kuposa 0 ° С;
- malo ouma, owuma bwino;
- sangathe kuyikamo m'matumba apulasitiki, owazidwa mu unyinji kapena womata m'miyeso ingapo.
Yang'anani! Mu nyengo yozizira, anyezi amasungidwa pa khonde lotsekedwa pa kutentha kwa mpweya osaposa + 18 ° C ndipo osachepera 0 ° C.
Yoyenerera makatoni, makhoma apulasitiki okhala ndi mabowo a mpweya wabwino, zotengera zazitali zotsika ndi dothi lamchenga ndi ngalande komanso zokhala ndi mabowo pansi, kutulutsa kwa nylon kapena thumba la ma mesa, mapepala amaikira.
Ma Crocuses a distillation amawaika mashelufu a pansi pouma kapena m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, kumene kutentha sikumakwera pamwamba + 10 ... +15 ° С. Gwiritsani ntchito zofanana ndizomwe zimasungidwa pa khonde. Ngati zipinda zapansi zachezeredwa ndi makoswe, ndiye kuti zinthu zodzala zimapindiramo chimodzi mu galasi yaying'ono, zitini zachitsulo ndikuzitchingira ndi chivundikiro chotseka.
M'miyezi yachilimwe, ngati mulibe zipinda zapansi, anyezi aliyense amakulungidwa mu nyuzipepala kapena pepala lakuda ndikuyiyika m'mashelufu otsika kapena m'makokedwe a firiji. Zina, miphika yokhala ndi ng'ona zimatsimikiziridwa pamenepo, mpaka nthawi yobzala ifike.
Chithandizo cha tubers ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Tizilombo ndi matenda akuluakulu amatchulidwa patebulo:
| Tizilombo, matenda | Njira yomenyera |
| Makoswe | Osasiya milu ya udzu, masamba omwe makangaza amapanga zisa pamabedi ndi mbewu. Pangani cholepheretsa botolo la pulasitiki kuzungulira tchire pansi. Chotsani ultrasound. |
| Amphaka amphaka | Sankhani iwo kuchokera pansi podulira tsambalo. |
| Wireworms | Pangani msampha: kukumba dzenje pansi, kuthira zitsamba mkati mwake, kuthira madzi pamenepo ndikuphimba dzenje ndi bolodi. Mawayilesiwo amasunthira chakudya ndi kutentha. Udzuwu, pamodzi ndi ma waya amawotcha. Kuti muchotse tizilombo tambiri, muyenera kuchita misampha kangapo. |
| Slug | Gulani chida chapadera chowongolera tizilombo, kuwaza malo omwe amafikira ndi mchenga wowuma. |
| Ma nsabwe | Chithandizo chodzala ndi mankhwala apadera, Karbofos. |
| Matenda a fungal ndi fungal (zowola imvi, fusarium, chlorosis) | Patulani ndi kuwononga anyezi odwala. Limbani matenda oyambitsa matenda mderalo: nsabwe za m'masamba, kupindika, nkhupakupa. Manyowa panthaka ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni wa phosphorous munthawi. |
Anyezi wowola komanso wathanzi
Zofunika!Pofuna kupewa matenda a tubers athanzi kwa odwala, amathandizidwa ndi phulusa. Asanayambe kufalikira kwa ng'ona, tubers timakhazikika ndi zokonzekera zomwe zimakhala ndi mkuwa, kapena njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate.
Zowonongeka za tizilombo pakasungidwa
Munthawi imeneyi, kupezeka kwa maluwa, kuwonongeka ndi matenda kumayendera pamwezi. Zinthu zobzala zowonongeka zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Zoopsa kwambiri ndi makoswe: mbewa, makoswe. Kulowa kwawo mchipindacho ndi anyezi sikuvomerezeka. Kudzilekanitsa kwathunthu ndi makoswe kumatha kuchitika ngati ma tubers atakulungidwa mu galasi kapena zitsulo zachitsulo ndikuphimbidwa ndi lids okhala ndi mabowo olowera mpweya wabwino.
Kuda nkhawa ndi kusunga komanso kubzala kwa zinthu zobzala ndiye chinsinsi cha maluwa owoneka bwino. Izi sizitenga nthawi yambiri, koma zimapatsa miyezi ingapo yosangalatsa kwa banja lonse.
