Aspidistra ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri wa herbaceous wokhala ndi masamba osalala, osalala. Mtundu wocheperako ndi wa banja la Asparagus ndipo ulipo mitundu 8 yokha. Mwa izi, masamba a spidicra okwera okha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa - ndiwo mbewu yolimba kwambiri. Duwa la aspidistra linafalikira padziko lonse lapansi kwazaka zana zapitazo kuchokera ku East Asia (China, Japan, Taiwan). Idzakhala chowona chenicheni kwa oyamba kumene omwe sangathe kutaya nthawi yochulukirapo kuti azilowetsa m'nyumba.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Aspidistra ndi udzu, wosazungulira osakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu. Kutalika kwa nsalu yotchinga kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 50-60. Mizu yambiri yokhala ndi masamba ofiira mwachangu imangokulirirani mtanda wozungulira. Khosi loyambira limapindika pang'onopang'ono ndikukulira. Kwa zaka zambiri, pamtunda pang'ono, nsalu yotchinga imapangidwa ndi masamba ambiri, omwe amatchedwa "banja lochezeka".
Tsamba lililonse la aspidistra limakhala ndi petiole yayitali, yowongoka. Pansi pake amaphimbidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono. Ataziyang'anitsitsa, amapezekanso timapepala tating'ono tokhala opanda masamba. Cholinga chawo ndikuteteza pepala lalikulu. Pepala lachikopa limakhala ndi lanceolate kapena mawonekedwe ngati lamba ndipo nthawi zambiri limapinda. Kutalika konse kwa pepala lonyezimira, mitsempha yamtali wautali ikuwoneka. Pepala lamtundu ndilotalika 50-80 masentimita ndi kutalika kwa 10 cm.
Aspidistra limatulutsa maluwa ang'onoang'ono. Amapezeka okha panthaka panthaka. Mabelu ang'onoang'ono apinki kapena ofiirira omwe amakhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 2,5 masentimita nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa. Paz kapangidwe ka bud ndi utoto, amatchedwa "maluwa a aspidistra." M'malo amkati, maluwa ndi osowa kwambiri, koma, kwenikweni, imakhala chochitika chofunikira. Chifukwa cha kupukutidwa, zipatso zamasamba obiriwira zimacha.
Zosiyanasiyana Aspidistra
Pazonse, mitundu 8 yasungidwa mu genus aspidistra. Mwa awa, okha mkulu wa aspidistra (Aspidistra elatior). Masamba ake akulu obiriwira obiriwira amasonkhana mumphepete, ngati mathithi osalala. Pofuna kusiyanitsa kusankha kwa okonda zachilendo, masitolo ogulitsa maluwa amapereka zipatso za zokongoletsera zotsatirazi:
- Aspidistra Variegata - nkhope yonse ya pepalalali imakutidwa ndi mizere yoyera yayitali yamitundu yayitali;
Varidegate Aspidistra - Bluzi wa Aspidistra imasiyana ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono amtundu wamtundu wobiriwira wakuda ndi maluwa achikasu kapena rasipiberi;
Bluzi wa Aspidistra - Aspidistra Milky Way - masamba akulu obiriwira obiriwira amaphimbidwa ndi madontho oyera oyera ndi mawanga osabala;
Aspidistra Milky Way - Aspidistra Amanogawa pakati pa pepalali pali madontho oyera, ndipo mizere yotuwa yachikasu imawoneka m'mbali mwake;
Aspidistra Amanogawa - Aspidistra Fuji-No -ayini - pamasamba obiriwira amdima m'mbali mwake pali mikwingwirima yopepuka;
Aspidistra Fuji-No -ayini - Aspidistra Chipewa cha Chipewa - pafupi ndi kumapeto, masambawo amakhala oyera.
Aspidistra Chipewa cha Chipewa
Ili ndi gawo chabe la mndandanda wa mitundu yokongoletsera ya aspidistra, m'mabuku osiyanasiyana mumatha kuwona mitundu yosangalatsa, ndipo obereketsa akuwonjezera mitundu yatsopano. Amasiyana pakakulidwe ndi kukula kwa masamba, kutalika ndi kupingasa kwa mikwingwirima kapena maudindo.
Kuswana
Kunyumba, kubadwanso kwa aspidistra ndikosavuta kutulutsa mwa kugawa nthiti. Mu Marichi, chomeracho chimakumbidwa ndikumasulidwa ku dothi lambiri. Ndi mpeni wakuthwa, muyenera kupatulira zitsulo ndi masamba 3-5 ndi gawo la rhizome. Malo odulidwa amawazidwa makala opera kuti asawonongeke. Mukangogawa, mbewuzo zibzalidwa m'nthaka. Kwa maididistras achichepere, mapoto ang'onoang'ono ayenera kusankhidwa. Mutabzala, amafunika nthawi yosinthira. Pakati pa sabata, maluwa amakhala ndi kutentha kwa pafupifupi + 18 ... +20 ° C ndipo amathiridwa madzi pang'ono.
Mutha kufalitsa tsamba la aspidistra. Chifukwa cha izi, tsamba lokalamba limadulidwa popanda chizindikiro chowonongeka. Petiole amachotsedwa kuti akhazikike pamunsi pa tsamba. Thirani madzi mumtsuko waung'ono ndikukhazikitsa maziko a tsamba. Mtsuko umakutidwa ndi kanema ndikusiyidwa pamalo otentha, owala. Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2, mizu yaying'ono yoyera imawonekera pamalo omwe amakumana ndi madzi. Zidulidwazo zimachotsedwa mumtsuko ndikubzala m'nthaka yachonde, pamwamba pa mbandezo zimakutidwa ndi kapu. Pakapita kanthawi, mizu yake imakhala yolimba ndipo aspidistra imayamba kutulutsa masamba atsopano.
Chipinda chopandukira aspidistra
Zomera sizilola kuti zikokerane ndikukula pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake zimachitika pokhapokha ngati zikufunika. Pakati pa kasupe, zaka 3-4 zilizonse, chitsamba chimasinthidwa ndikukhala mumphika wina wokulirapo kuposa woyamba. Pansi pa thankiyo thirani madzi okwanira. Zowonongeka za lapansi sizikulimbikitsidwa. Mukamatera, kumtunda kwa khosi lakhonde kuyenera kukhala pamwamba.
Dothi la aspidistra limasankhidwa kukhala lopepuka komanso lachonde popanda acidic kapena kusalowerera ndale. Magawo ocheperako okhala ndi peat pang'ono amawakonda.
Zosamalidwa
Kusamalira wa katsabola kunyumba ndikosavuta. Ndikokwanira kusankha malo oyenera ndikungotsatira malamulo osavuta chabe. Mwachilengedwe, mbewuyo imakhala m'nkhalango zotentha, motero imamva bwino ngakhale kuseri kwa chipindacho kapena chipinda chamdima. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imafunikira kuwala pang'ono, koma kuyika ma spidistra pansi pa dzuwa sikuyenerera. Amawotcha mawonekedwe amtundu wa bulauni amapanga masamba pamasamba.
Kutentha kwanyumba kwa katswiriyu. Itha kumera pa + 18 ... +25 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, kuziziritsa kumaloledwa mpaka +10 ° C, koma palibe chifukwa chokonzekera mwapadera. Kwa chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale miphika m'munda wamthunzi. M'madera otsetsereka, mbewuyo imatha kuzizira panja. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti ndizotetezedwa ku zolemba. Ndi hypothermia kapena dontho lakuthwa la masamba, masamba amayamba kuda ndi kuzimiririka.
Ndikofunikira kuthirira ndi katspidiridi nthawi zonse kuti dothi lisaphwe, koma madzi owonjezerawa ayenera kusiya pang'onopang'ono. Madzi othirira sangakhale ndi chlorine yambiri ndi laimu.
Chomera chimafuna kupopera nthawi zonse. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito utsi wokhala ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono ndi madzi oyeretsedwa kuti mawanga oyipa a laimu asakhale pamasamba. Muyeneranso kuyeretsa masamba ndi nsalu yofewa kuchokera kufumbi komanso kusamba pansi pofunda. Ngati katsabola sapeza chinyezi chokwanira, nsonga za masamba okongola zimasanduka zofiirira komanso zowuma.
M'mwezi wa Epulo-Okutobala, duwa limafunikira zakudya mwezi uliwonse. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe chonse mchere pazomera zamkati.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Aspidistra amalimbana ndi matenda komanso tizirombo. Ndikathirira kwambiri ndikunyowa, muzu mutha kukhala dothi. Mafangayi amafalikira kwa ma petioles ophuka ndi masamba. Mu mpweya wouma kwambiri, korona amawonongeka ndi akangaude ndi tizilombo tambiri. Mutha kuyesa kutsuka tiziromboti tating'ono ndi madzi am'madzi otentha komanso sopo otentha, koma ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuchiza ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuwononga mphutsi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika mobwerezabwereza ndi pafupipafupi kwa masiku 5-7.
Ndikusowa madzi abwino akuthirira, matenda monga chlorosis amatha. Masamba, masamba amasungidwa bwino, koma amatembenuka chikasu ndikutsuka mtundu. Feteleza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera kumathandiza kuthana ndi vutoli.
