Tsirtomium - Imodzi mwa mitundu yokongola kwambiri ya fern yomwe imatha kukongoletsa nyumba iliyonse kapena nyumba. Anthu amadziwikanso monga ferns opatulika, holly kapena holly. Chomera chodzichepetsa, chosavuta komanso chosakanikirana ndi choyenera kukula pakhomo. Chomera chimachokera ku South Africa, Oceania ndi Asia. Pa mitundu yonse yodziwika ya circomium m'munda wamaluwa, imodzi yokha imalimidwa - tomtrium yoboola. Ngakhale kuti chiyambi chake chakumadera otentha, mtundu wa fern ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi kukana kwazizira kwambiri, motero umalekerera mpweya wouma mofanana m'nyumba ndi mvula yozizira yomwe ili kumadzulo kumtunda.
Mukudziwa? M'zaka zamakedzana England, fern ankaonedwa ngati chomera chimene chimateteza kwa mfiti. Ngati mutachidula, ndiye kuti pamalo odulidwawo padzakhala zizindikiro zomwe zikufanana ndi chilembo cha chi Greek "chi" - kalata yoyamba m'dzina la Yesu Khristu.
Mtundu wamkati: mitundu ndi ndondomeko
Dothi lopangidwa ndi tizilombo, kapena fern of circomium, ndiloyimira banja la chithokomiro, chomera chophatikiza, chosapitirira 50-60 masentimita. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yamphamvu, yolimba, yonyezimira, yonyezimira. Amakhala ndi mapangidwe a nthenga ndi nsonga yokhala ndi zokhota pamwamba, pamphepete mwa masamba, omwe a tsirtrium amatchedwa oboola. Pansi pa tsamba la tsambali ndi magulu a brownish a spores, omwe ali ndi filimu yoonekera.
Mphuno ya cirtomium imadzaza ndi zazikulu zazikulu zakuda. Chinthu chachikulu cha tsitromium chokongoletsera chikwangwani ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula: mu chaka chabe masamba atsopano okha angakhoze kuwonekera mu chomera chachikulu. Mitundu ya fern iyi imadziwikiranso ndi kuti imalekerera mpweya wouma bwino. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chipinda chosungunuka cha fern, chosamalidwa kunyumba chikhale chophweka: sichiwopa kutentha kapena kukonza, sichifuna kusungunuka kwa mvula yambiri, komanso, ili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri okongoletsera.
Masiku ano, pafupifupi 12 mitundu ya fern imadziwika. Kuwonjezera pa ngodya, wotchuka kwambiri:
- Chikhalidwe chokhala ndi kakombo ndi fern ndi mphindi yochepa, yolunjika, yofanana ndi tulo yomwe ili ndi mamba. Amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 70, monomorphic. Mitundu yam'madzi imakhala yonyezimira, yosakanikirana, oblong lanceolate, imvi yobiriwira ndi filiform ya m'munsi kuchokera pansipa. Nthenga ndi zazikulu, zimagwira pansi, zimayambira m'mphepete mwake, zimadulidwa bwino;
- citromium lalikulu-leaved. Kufikira kutalika kwa masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri (70 cm), timadzi ta monomorphic timakonzedwa pa mapesi a mtundu wachikasu. Tsamba la tsamba ndi loonda, pinnate, oblong, lanceolate. Nthenga zili m'munsi ndipo zimayang'ana kumapeto kwa mbale, nthenga yomaliza ndi yaitali. Sori (spores) ndi zobiriwira kapena zoyera, zomwe zimapezeka pa nthenga zowonongeka pansi pa mbale za masamba;
- Fortchun's Circulium - angathenso kutchedwa kuti nyumba yoyimira mtundu wa fondi. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mimba, mizu ya lalanje imene ili pafupi pansi. Mphepete ndi zazikulu, zonyezimira, zakuda, zofiira, zofiira, zowonongeka, zowonongeka, zimakula pansi ndipo zimakhala pamtunda wautali. M'munsi mwawo muli mikangano. Kutalika kwa tsambali ndi tsinde kufika pa 50-60 masentimita, ndipo frog ya Forchun ili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 35-60.
Kusankha malo a circomium m'chipinda
Mwinamwake kusankha bwino kwa malo a tsitromium ndi mfundo yokha yofunika ya kukula kwake, kopanda apo palibe zifukwa zofunika.
Chiyenera kukhala kuunikira kotani
Home fern salola kuwala kwa dzuwa, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kumachepetsanso, ndipo masamba amasanduka chikasu. Zokongola kwa circomium zimasokoneza mthunzi wowala kapena wamagawo. Ndi bwino kuika chidebecho ndi fern pafupi ndiwindo likuyang'ana kumpoto. Mukayikidwa kumbali yakum'mwera, onetsetsani kuti mumthunzi pazenera kuti mupewe dzuwa.
Kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi kuti zikule
Kutentha kwapakati pa chipinda - + 18 ... +20 ° C ndibwino kuti mukule msinkhu. Ngakhale ngati ili pamwamba pa chizoloŵezi, sizingakhudze zokongoletsera za fern, zimatha kupirira chilala. Komabe, ngati kutentha kumachitika kwa nthawi yaitali, ndiye chomeracho chiyenera kusunthira ku malo ozizira kwa kanthawi. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene kutenthedwa kutsegulidwa, m'pofunika kuyang'anira kutentha, ngati kukwera pamwamba +22 ° C, ndiye tsirtomium iyenera kuikidwa pamzere wodzazidwa ndi madzi. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa fern kuyenera kukhala osachepera + 10 ° C.
Dothi la kulima circomium
Nthaka ya fern ikhale yosalala, yotayirira ndi yabwino kutuluka kwa mpweya. Kugulitsa zosakaniza kumagwirizana kapena mukhoza kukonzekera gawo lanu. Pochita izi, sakanizani peat, masamba ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1: 1. Ndibwino kuwonjezera sphagnum ndi makala, pang'ono pine makungwa. Mafuta ochepa a miyala yochepa (1-2 masentimita).
Mukudziwa? Ndi circomium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku maofesi a zamasamba, zipinda, minda yachisanu, zipatala, malo osamalira ana.
Zomwe zimayendera kukwera ndi kubalana kwa chipinda tsirtrium
Kuberekera kwa azimayi kunyumba kwa circomium ndi kotheka mwa njira ziwiri: pogawaniza rhizomes ndi spores.
Kugawidwa kwa rhizome
Kugawaniza rhizomes kutenga chomera chachikulu cha uterine, chomwe chimagawidwa mu magawo angapo ofanana kuti mbeu iliyonse ili ndi zingapo za kukula. Kugawidwa kumachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo. Mbewu zimabzalidwa mu nthaka yokonzedwa - chisakanizo cha nthaka, masamba, peat, sphagnum ndi mchenga.
Spores kuswana
Njira yachiwiriyi ndi yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chidziwitso chotchedwa zirthium chimatulutsa kokha mwapadera. Asanalowe pansi, mikangano imayenera kupangidwa mu envelopu ya pepala ndipo youma. Kenaka mu thanki kuti mubzalidwe munaika madzi okwanira ang'onoang'ono kapena osweka njerwa ndi peat wothira. Thirani madzi pafupifupi 5 cm pa peat, tsanulirani spores ndi kuphimba ndi galasi kapena chivindikiro cha pulasitiki. Kuti ukhale kumera, m'pofunika kuti nthawi zonse mukhale ndi kutentha kwa ... +22 ° C, komanso muike chidebe pamalo obisika. Spores adzamera mu miyezi ingapo, potsatira malangizo omwe akusamalira. Kubwezeretsa zomera kumafuna pamene akukula mpaka masentimita 5.
Kunyumba kumasewera
Kusamalira fern panyumba ndiko kusunga miyezo yoyenera: kuthirira, kudyetsa, kuika ndi kusungira kutentha kwakukulu.
Momwe mungamwetse tilpomium
Cytromium ngodya ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Izi ndi zofunika makamaka pa nyengo yokula, pamene fern imasowa chakudya chokwanira ngati n'kotheka. Mu nyengo yochokera mu March mpaka mwezi wa Oktoba, ndipo zitsanzo za anthu akuluakulu zimafuna madzi okwanira, ndipo ngati chomeracho chimasungidwa pamalo otentha m'nyengo yozizira, ngakhale panthawiyi iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri. Pamene zili ndi tsirtomium pamalo ozizira, madzi okwanira amachepetsedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe kuthirira fern, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti dothi mumphika ndi louma mokwanira, ngati malo osungira madzi sakulekerera madzi ochulukirapo.
Malo opangira feteleza fern
Fern si zakudya zokwanira zovala. Nkofunikira pa nyengo ya kukula kwa mbeu, panthawi imeneyi mchere kapena feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pamwezi. Kwa zomera zazikulu, ndikwanira kudyetsa kamodzi pa miyezi itatu kapena inai iliyonse.
Ndikofunikira! Muyenera kupanga zokhazokha zokhala ndi feteleza zokhazokha, zochepetsedwa kawiri, ngati zowonongeka kwambiri ndi salinization za gawolo zingathe kuwononga mizu.
Kudula mdulidwe
Popeza n'zosavuta kusamalira ferns zapanyumba, sizikutanthauza njira zenizeni zopangira chitsamba. Madzi ake ochepa kwambiri mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino ndipo amapanga rosette yodabwitsa kwambiri. Zakale zokha, zouma ndi zowirira masamba, zomwe zimachotsa kukula kwa masamba ang'onoang'ono, zimatha kudula ngati pakufunika.
Kudutsa
Kuti nthawi zonse mukhale ndi mafinya abwino komanso abwino mu nyumba, amafunika kuziika ngati mizu ikukula. Izi zimachitidwa kumapeto kwa masika ndi kuzizira mpaka mizu yake imakhala ndi mphika wokwanira masentimita 18-20. Mukangoyamba kukula msanga, sichifunikanso kubzala mbewu. Tsopano chaka chilichonse zidzakhala zofunikira kuti mutenge malo osanjikiza a nthaka, omwe ayenera kukhala omasuka komanso owala, kuti asachedwe kuchepetsa kukula kwa tsitrium.
Mankhwala aakulu ndi matenda a circomium
Tsopano ganizirani momwe mungasamalire fern kunyumba kuti muteteze ku matenda omwe angatheke ndi tizirombo. Palibe matenda akuluakulu a tizilombo oopsa kwa tsitsiromromium omwe adapezeka kuti alipo, koma akhoza kuwonedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mealybug. Chishango ndi tizilombo tokhala ndi chigoba cha sera, chomwe chimayamwa chimbudzi kuchokera ku chomera. Chotsatira chake, chomeracho chimasanduka chikasu, masamba akugwa, ndipo fern ikhoza kufa. Kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda si kophweka, chifukwa scythe imakhala ndi mankhwala ambiri. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo okha Aktellik ndi Fitoverm angathandize. 
Chinyama china chotheka chotchedwa fern of tsirtomium ndicho mealybug. Chifukwa cha maonekedwe ndi thonje ngati mankhwala omwe amachokera, amatchedwa nsabwe zamphongo. Ziphuphu zonse ndi akuluakulu a anthu awo amayamwa mazira a fern, omwe amachititsa kuti asiye kukula. Kulimbana ndi chertz kawirikawiri kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika - samalola chinyezi. Zimathandizanso kutsuka mbale za masamba ndi madzi ndi mkaka kapena kukonzekera kwa microbiological monga "Lepidocide". Ngati kuwonongeka kwakukulu, chithandizochi chiyenera kuchitika kawiri. M'pofunikanso kuchotsa mwamsanga mbali zouma za fern pofuna kupewa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Matenda ambiri a fern of a tsirtomium amasonyezedwa chifukwa cha kusamalidwa kwawo molakwika m'nyumba.
Mwachitsanzo:
- ngati chomera chimafookera ndipo maluwa onsewo amakhala opusa, ndipo saline imakhala pamtunda pamwamba pa fern, izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha ulimi wothirira wa tsirtrium ndi madzi ovuta;
- masamba amatayika mtundu, amatha kukhala otsika kwambiri komanso osakanikirana, chifukwa cha ichi ndicho chimbudzi cha dzuwa;
- masambawo amatembenuka, ndipo pamapeto pake amakhala achikasu kapena ofiira, amatanthauza kuti circomium alibe mphamvu yokwanira kapena kukula kwa mphika kusankhidwa molakwika kuti ikule;
- Mabala achikasu okhala ndi mawanga ofiira akhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya m'chipinda;
- ngati masamba aang'ono akupiringizika, agwe mwamsanga pamene akhudzidwa, ndipo fern imawoneka yowopsya ndi yofooka, imatanthawuza kuti imatulutsa kapena imakhala yofiira.
