Pamene mukukula kaloti ku Siberia, m'pofunika kukumbukira nyengo yowawa. Frosty yozizira ndi yochepa chilimwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulima masamba m'dera lino. Nthaka imamangirira kwambiri ndipo imathamanga nthawi yaitali. Ogwira ntchito panyumba ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi kuti akule ndi kukolola.
Kuwonjezera apo mu nkhaniyi akuuzidwa za mitundu iti ya karoti yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri kulima mu dera la Siberia ndi zomwe ziri zenizeni za chisamaliro ndi zokolola.
Ndi mitundu iti ya kaloti yomwe ikuyenera kukula m'derali?
Kaloti amaonedwa kuti ndi mbewu yosagwira chisanu yomwe imatha kumera ngakhale pa digrii 5. Mu nyengo iyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito mochedwa, pakati-mochedwa ndi mitundu yochedwa.
Oyambirira
Mitundu yoyamba yakucha yoyamba ikuyenera kulima ku Siberia.
| Dzina la zosiyanasiyana ndi chiyani? | Ndifunika masiku angati kuti zipse | Zizindikiro za mizu mbewu | Amapereka kuchokera ku 1 square. mamita |
| "Alenka" | 80-90 | Kaloti ali ndi kukoma kokoma ndipo amasungidwa bwino. Dera la mizu ndi 4 masentimita. | 10-12 |
| "Boltex" | 60 | Mbewu yazomera imakhala ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira ndipo imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Masamba akuluakulu sagwedezeka. Zosiyanasiyana zimagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha. | 8 |
| "Karoti ya ku Paris" | 72 | Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizapo kukana matenda osiyanasiyana komanso kusunga khalidwe. Kutalika kwa karoti kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita asanu. | 7-8 |
| "Minicore" | 88-90 | Kalasi imasiyana ndi zokonda zabwino. Kaloti safa nthawi ya chisanu. Mitundu yoyamba ija ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubzala m'chaka ndi m'nyengo yozizira. | 7-8 |
Kumapeto kwenikweni
| Maina a mayina | Nthawi yakucha | Idyani makhalidwe, kusunga khalidwe ndi chisanu kukana | Kulima pa 1 kg ya nthaka |
| "Nantes 4" | 105 | Kuchuluka kwa mizu ya mbewu ndi 130 g. Chosiyana ndi kaloti ndizofiirira peel. | 6 |
| "Vitamini 6" | 100 | Mu kaloti muli carotene wochuluka. Pafupifupi, kulemera kwa mizu mbewu ndi 165 magalamu. | 4-10 |
| "Nevis" | 110 | Mtundu wosakanizidwa uli wolemera pafupifupi 165 g. Kutalika kwa ndiwo zamasamba ndi 18 masentimita. Ubwino wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizotheka kusungirako nthawi yaitali. | 9 |
| "Narbonne" | 100-105 | Zipatso zili ndi mulu waukulu kwambiri, womwe ukhoza kufika 250 g. Mbewu yazuzi sizimasokoneza panthawi yosungirako. Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti Narbonne zosiyanasiyana sizothandiza kuzizira. | 7,3-7,8 |
Chakumapeto
| Dzina la zosiyanasiyana ndi chiyani? | Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera bwanji kusasitsa kotsiriza? | Zizindikiro | Pereka pa 1 lalikulu. mita mita |
| "Flacoro" | 130-140 | Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ili ndi mtundu wofiira wa lalanje ndipo ndi yoyenera yosungirako nthawi yaitali. | 3,4-5,5 |
| "Mfumukazi ya Chigumula" | 117-130 | Mbewu yachitsulo yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a kondomu amakhala okoma ndi olemera. Mulu wa masamba ndi 200 g. | 3,5-9 |
| "Shantane 2461" | 120 | Zamasamba zimakhala zamasamba komanso zokoma zamkati ndi zomangira. Zosiyanasiyana zimatsutsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Kaloti akhoza kusungidwa nthawi yonse yozizira. | 8 |
Nthawi ingabzalidwe: zotsatira za kubzala mochedwa
Ngati mbewu za mitundu yabwino ya kaloti zimabzala mofulumira kwambiri, ndiye zimatha kuzirala. Ulamuliro wa kutentha mu March nthawi zambiri umasocheretsa wamaluwa.
Mwinamwake wa chisanu mumkhalidwe wa nyengo ya Siberia ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Zotsatira zosasangalatsa zingayambitse komanso kuchedwa kubzala mochedwa. Pakuti kusasitsa kumatenga masiku 130-140. Pankhaniyi, mwiniwake wa chiwembu adzafunika kukolola pamene mabedi adzaphimbidwa ndi chisanu.
Ntchito yokonzekera
Nthawi yoyenera yofesa mbewu za karoti ku Siberia ndi pakati pa May. Muyenera kuyembekezera mpaka dziko lapansi liphulika mpaka madigiri oposa7.
Kodi ndizomwe mukufunikira?
Kubzala kaloti muyenera kukonzekera zida zotsatirazi:
- chiwonongeko;
- kuthirira;
- sala;
- chogudubuza cha matabwa, chomwe mungathe kumasula nthaka;
- filimu yomwe imateteza mphukira ku chisanu.
Njira yothandizira mbewu
- Mbewu imayikidwa m'madzi otentha kuti azindikire kuti si abwino.
- Pambuyo phokosoli likuchitika. Ndondomekoyi ndikuteteza mbewuzo mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate.
- Zokonzedwa zokolola ziyenera kuyanika mkati mwa maola anayi.
- Kuonjezera kukula kwa mbewu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mankhwala "Fitosporin" ndi "Sodium HUMATE".
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji dothi?
M'dzinja, nthaka iyenera kukumba ndi fosholo. M'chaka, feteleza amchere ayenera kuwonjezeredwa pansi. Kulemeretsa nthaka zotsatirazi zosakaniza:
- superphosphate ndi potaziyamu kloride 30 g;
- urea kuchokera ku ammonium nitrate 20 g;
- phulusa 40
Kuonjezera zokolola, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito utuchi ndi masamba ovunda. Simungagwiritse ntchito manyowa atsopano, chifukwa zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu.
Kusankha malo
Malo abwino kwambiri odzala kaloti ndi malo omwe poyamba ankalima mbatata, tomato, anyezi kapena nkhaka. Zomera zimamera bwino pa nthaka yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale kukula katsabola, udzu winawake kapena parsley. Karoti imakonda nthaka yosavuta kwambiri. Onetsetsani kuti mukuwona zokolola zoyenera kuti muwonjezere zokolola.
Kaloti amakula bwino pa dongo la dongo.Kutseguka pansi ndi kofunikira kuswa mabedi, zomwe ziyenera kukhala ndi masentimita 2. M'chaka, zitsime zimayanjanitsidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate kapena madzi.
Kusamalira kwenikweni
M'nyengo yophukira, nthaka iyenera kusungidwa ndi masamba kapena nthambi. Zomera zamasamba zimathiridwa ndi madzi omwe ali ndi feteleza zamadzimadzi.
Aftercare
Ntchito yosamalira mbewu ingagawidwe m'magulu angapo.:
- Karoti mabedi ayenera nthawi yake madzi, kumasulidwa ndi thinned.
- Kuti mukolole bwino muyenera kudyetsa zomera panthawi yake. Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa ku ulimi wothirira nthawi zonse pa magawo onse a karoti kukula.
- Njira yothirira ulimi ikulimbikitsidwa masiku 3-4.
- Pa nthawi yonse ya kukula kaloti, muyenera kupanga 2 kuvala.
- Pofuna kupewa kupangidwira pansi, ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse mutulutse dziko lapansi pakati pa mizere.
Mbali za zokolola
Mukamaliza kucha zipatso, mukhoza kuyamba kukolola. Njira yabwino kwambiri yokumba kaloti ndi mafoloko kapena mafosholo.
Mzu wa zitsamba amatsukidwa kunthaka, kudula nsonga ndi kuuma m'munda. Masamba sayenera kuponyedwa pang'onopang'ono kuti asawononge kuwonongeka. Apo ayi, karoti idzavunda mwamsanga yosungirako. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kusungirako zitsamba mbewu m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba ndi 2 degrees.
Matenda ndi tizirombo: kupewa ndi kuchiza
Kutaya kwa mbeu kungakhale kofanana ndi tizirombo zotsatirazi.:
- ntchentche ntchentche;
- wireworms;
- slugs;
- Zimbalangondo;
- nyengo zozizira.
Monga njira yowonetsera, tikulimbikitsidwa kukumba nthaka ndi namsongole wamsongole.
Pofuna kuthana ndi karoti, ntchentche ya sopo imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuteteza kubzala kuchokera ku tizirombo pogwiritsa ntchito tsabola. Medvedka akhoza kuwopsedwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi kudumidwa kwa nsonga za phwetekere. Mukhoza kusunga mbewu kuchokera ku wireworm pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi.:
- Chomera nyemba pafupi ndi mabedi a karoti.
- Nthawi zonse muzionda zokolola.
- Kuchepetsa nthaka acidity.
- Kuchotsa slugs mukhoza kuthandiza ndi mulch kubzala utuchi kapena phulusa phulusa.
Ku Siberia, kaloti ingakhudzidwe ndi matendawa:
- fomozom;
- woyera ndi imvi zowola;
- malo ofiira;
- powdery mildew;
- chalcosporosis.
Mukhoza kupewa fammuz pogwiritsa ntchito njira izi::
- prekopat site;
- Gwiritsani ntchito fetereza phosphorous panthawi yobzala mbewu.
Bordeaux madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza masamba. N'zotheka kuchotsa malowa ndi chithandizo cha nthaka kumasula. Pochotsa powdery mildew, fungicides "Topaz" ndi "Horus" amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mungathe kulimbana ndi cercosporosis poyatsa mbewu mumadzi pamtentha wa madigiri 50.
Kuti mukolole kaloti wabwino ku Siberia, simukusowa kusankha mitundu yoyenera. Mwini chiwembu ayenera kudziwa nthawi yabwino yobzala.. Chiwerengero cha kaloti chokololedwa chimadalira kukonzekera kwa nthaka komanso chithandizo cha mbewu.
