ny.pastureone.com
Currant

Kodi kuchotsa impso mite pa currants

Currant bud mite ndilo tizilombo toopsa kwambiri pa minda ya currant. Kupaka phindu pazitsamba za mabulosi, zimatha kusiya wolima munda popanda zambiri za mbeu, ndipo pakapita nthawi zidzasokoneza zomera kwambiri kuti pamapeto pake zidzasokonekera. M'nkhaniyi tiona momwe tingapewere ndi kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa.

Kodi majeremusi amawoneka bwanji?

Chiwerengero cha impso cha nkhuku, chikukula, pang'onopang'ono chimadzaza mphukira, ndipo izi zimayambitsa kukula kwa mphukira ndi masamba a zomera. Kuonjezera apo, mchere wotchedwa currant bud umakhala magwero a kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matenda onse. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena Cecidophyopsis ribis amawoneka ngati nyongolotsi yaing'ono, yomwe thupi lake ndiloposa 0.15 mm kutalika ndi 0.04 mm m'lifupi. Nthatazi zimakhala mu zomera za mabulosi, kumene zimadutsa muzitsamba zonse za chitukuko.

Mu March, nkhuku zaikazi zimayika mazira ochepa, omwe amayamba kuwonekera, pamene amakula ndikukhala oyera. Mafinya amachokera ku "nyumba ya impso" pamene currant imatulutsa kunja maluwa ndi masamba.

Phunzirani momwe mungatetezere currants ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, makamaka kuchokera kumatope, powdery mildew, dzimbiri, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi choti muchite ngati currants ali ndi mawanga ofiira pamasamba, masamba amatembenukira chikasu.
Pambuyo pochoka pogona, nthatazi zimakhala pa khungwa ndi pa tsamba la masamba, kumene ambiri amamwalira posachedwa. Anthu omwe anapulumuka (pafupifupi 1%) amakhazikika kuti azikhalamo kosatha mu June, komwe amakhalanso mazira.

Pokhala mu mphukira imodzi, nthata zimatha kukhala ndi mibadwo isanu. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera kuti kachilombo kakang'ono ka impso pa nthawi kakhoza kuika mazira mazana.

Mukudziwa? Dzina lachilatini la currants limawoneka ngati "mikanjo". Dzina la chomera ichi chinaperekedwa ndi Aarabu omwe anagonjetsa dziko la Spain (711 BC), omwe adapeza kukoma kwa currant yakuda mofanana ndi kukoma kwa rhubarb, yotchedwa Farsi "ribas". Dzinalo linagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kuchokera nthawi imeneyo dzina la botanical la currant limamveka mwanjira imeneyo.

Ndivulaza yanji?

Cecidophyopsis ribi amathandiza kuti mbewu yambiri iwonongeke zipatso za black currant. Pafupifupi, pafupifupi 20 peresenti yatayika. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kulima kwa currants kuchepa phindu, chifukwa tchire zimapereka zochepa zochepa komanso zokolola zokolola.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mphukira imodzi kapena ingapo, nkhuku imakula mofulumira, ndipo imawonjezera malo ake okhala ndi kukhazikitsa masamba otsatizana pa chitsamba chomwecho kapena kusamukira ku zitsamba zakuzungulira.

Koma chokhumudwitsa n'chakuti zomera zomwe zili ndi matenda a impso ndi zosatheka kuchiza, ndipo zikuyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuchotsedwa kumunda wa munda kuti zikhale zoyenera. M'malo mopindula ndalama kapena zipatso zokolola, wolima munda adzakhalabe wopanda mabulosi.

Zizindikiro za kugonjetsedwa

Nthata zimayamwa kuyamwa kuchokera ku zomera pamtunda, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imayambitsa zinthu zamadzimadzi m'maselo omwe amalepheretsa kukula ndi kusiyana kwa maluwa.

Mphukira yakuda yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi nkhukuyi imakhala yofanana, ndipo imaoneka ngati yowoneka bwino komanso ikuwoneka ngati ikuphulika. Kawirikawiri, ambiri a iwo amawonongedwa pa zomera, osasungunuka.

Tchire anakantha ndi tizilombo ndi ochepa kukula kwa achinyamata mphukira. Masamba omwe ali ndi matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo amakhala ochepa komanso ochepa kuposa masamba abwino. Kawirikawiri amakhala ndi petioles yochuluka kusiyana ndi timapepala abwino. Zipatso pazitsamba zoterozo, ngati zakupsa, zimakhala zowawa zowawa, zazing'ono kapena zosasinthika zipatso ndi kuchapa mosagwirizana.

Mukudziwa? Black currant inali ngati maziko a kukonza mabulosi kuchokera ku wakale Rusich. Mu zipatso zonunkhira panali zowonjezera zakuthupi zakuthupi zokwanira zowonjezera mphamvu ndi kukonzekera zakumwa zakumwa zapamwamba kwambiri. Komanso pothandizidwa ndi atsikana a currant ku Russia anasiya nkhope zawo.

Kodi kuthana ndi impso mite pa currants

Cecidophyopsis ribi imapezeka m'madera athu onse. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa izi ndi kukana kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala (endosulfan, amitraz ndi carbosulfan), yomwe idagwiritsidwiritsidwiritsidwira ntchito mu kulima mafakitale ndi kumudzi.

Ndizomvetsa chisoni, koma pakalipano mulibe zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachitsulo zowonongeka pofuna kuthana ndi impso mite pa currants. Ndi bwino kukumba ndi kuwononga zomera zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Mitengo yatsopano ya mabulosi a mabulosi ayenera kubzalidwa kokha kuchokera ku mbande zomwe sizikukhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo zimatengedwa kuchokera kumidzi yoyenera ndi mbiri yabwino, yomwe ili kutali kwambiri ndi kufalikira kwa matendawa.

Agrotechnical receptions

Kulima koyenera ndilofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale bwino zitsamba zabwino. Kupita patsogolo kwa agrotechnical ndalama zosavuta mu kulima currants kumangowonjezera kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha tizirombo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito minda yochuluka kwambiri mu zipatso, kukana kulima dothi pakati pa mizere ya tchire, kusagwirizana ndi kusinthasintha kwa mbeu ndizo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa tizirombo.

Njira yolondola ya agrotechnical ikuphatikizapo:

  • kusankha malo a mabulosi amtsogolo;
  • nthaka;
  • Kuyenera kuyendayenda kwa nthawi yake;
  • kulima nthaka pansi pa tchire ndi pakati pa mizere;
  • Kukonzekera ndi kusinthanitsa kwa mbeu m'malo mutabzala;
  • kulamulira nthawi zonse namsongole;
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi udzu wolamulira.
  • kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse malo ophera tizilombo;
  • kuwonongeka kwa impso zokhudzana ndi matenda ndi kudulira kapena kuchotseratu zitsamba za matenda;
  • chiwonongeko cha mbewu zowonongeka ndi moto.

Mukhoza kumenyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timadula mabulosi. Pambuyo pa mapiritsi a currant, m'dzinja, muyenera kuyendera chitsamba chilichonse kuti muwononge zipatso za masamba kapena nthambi zomwe zimakhala ndi mphukira. Ngati pali masamba ochepa chabe (owedzeredwa, otupa) pammera, amachotsedwa ndi secator. Ngati gawo lalikulu la mbeu likhudzidwa, ndiye kuti kulibe ntchito yopulumutsa.

Ndi bwino kudula nthambi zonse ndi kudulira (pansi pomwepo), mizu ya pansi pa shrub m'chaka imataya nthambi zatsopano zomwe simungakhale nazo, chifukwa nyengoyi imatha kumera.

Njira imeneyi imangochiritsa chitsamba, koma imatsitsimutsanso. Kugwiritsa ntchito ulimi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mitundu yamtengo wapatali ya currant, kapena ngati sikutheka kupeza mitundu yodalirika yobzala latsopano currant.

Mankhwala

Currants amayenera kukonzedwa musanayambe maluwa, msangamsanga pamene shrub ikuyamba kutulutsa phokoso la peduncles. Panali nthawi yomwe overwintering ndi kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha tizirombo tinayamba kuchoka ku "nyumba" kupita ku nthambi zomwe sizinatenge kachilomboka. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo akhoza kuwonongedwa mothandizidwa ndi machitidwe osakonza mankhwala.

Ndikofunikira! Matenda a impso si tizilombo! Poizoni kuti tizilombo tiziwononge sizingagwire ntchito.

Kupha nkhupakupa, tengani mankhwala a acaricidal kapena insectoacaricidal. Berry m'minda yapayekha amafunika kuchitidwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi sulfure ya colloidal, ali ndi poizoni pang'ono.

Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti currant baka odwala impso mite sangathe kuchiritsidwa ndi yankho la colloidal sulfure - zimayambitsa zilonda zotentha pa makungwa ovuta.

Kukonzekera kwa acaricidal komwe kumachita ma hormonal ndipo sali ngati poizoni monga organophosphate ntchito m'chaka chakumapeto.

Amagwiritsa ntchito acaricides:

  • "Nissoran";
  • "Oberon";
  • "Judo";
  • "Kuletsa 4F";
  • "Envidor";
  • "Movento";
  • "Kontos";
  • Actellic;
  • "Apollo";
  • "Neoron";
  • Ma Kinmiks.

Popeza mankhwalawa sali amphamvu kwambiri, nkhupakupa zimayenda mkati mwa mwezi, ndiye muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri kapena zitatu. Njira yomwe ilipo pakati pa njira ziyenera kukhala osachepera masiku khumi.

Organophosphate systemic acaricides imakhala ndi mphamvu, koma ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbewu za mabulosi kumapeto kwa zokolola:

  • "Bi-58";
  • "Phosphamide";
  • "Famidofos";
  • Rogor-S;
  • "Dimethrin";
  • "Kulankhula";
  • Pilarmax;
  • "Danadim".

Zamagetsi:

  • "Fitoverm";
  • "Actofit".

Mukudziwa? Dzina lina la zipatso za currant ku Russia ndi mabulosi amchere. Mankhwalawa ankakula m'minda ya amonke, ndipo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adye chakudya, kupanga mankhwala ndi mavitamini. Mbiri ya monastic ya dera la Pskov ndi dera la Novgorod ili ndi maumboni a monks currant omwe akukula m'zaka za zana la 11. Ma currants adadza ku minda yapadera ndi minda ya kumidzi kokha m'ma 1600.

Njira yoyamba, yachiwiri ndi yachitatu: Nthawi yochita ndondomekoyi imatsimikiziridwa ndi maonekedwe a mapepala onse oyamba ndi ejection ya peduncles pa currants. Kutentha kwa mpweya panthawi ya mankhwala sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa +5 ° C, kutentha, kutentha kwa mvula kapena chisanu sikudzafuna.

Berry zitsamba amachizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwachilengedwenso motsutsana ndi tizirombo ("Actofit", "Bitoksibatsillin", "Fitoverm").

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amakhalanso ndi "Merpan", "Hom", "Thanos", "Corado", "Bravo", "Biathlon".
Kupanga imodzi mwa mankhwala osankhidwa kumachitika mlungu uliwonse, muyenera kuchita njira zitatu izi. Pause pakati pa njira zoyenera zikhale masiku asanu ndi awiri.

Chithandizo ndi sulufule zothandizira: kuyambira nthawi yomwe masambawo amayamba kuphulika, ndipo mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi kutulutsidwa kwa tizirombo ndi kusamuka kwawo kudutsa m'munda kumayambira. Pa nthawiyi, ndizovuta kuti zisonkhezere tizirombo mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ndi zokonzekera zomwe zili ndi sulufule ("Karbofos", laimu-sulfure decoction). Mukangoyamba kufalikira, zimatha kuchita mankhwala oyamba ndi 2% laimu-sulfure decoction.

Onani mbali za kusamalira currants mu kugwa ndi masika.

Pafupifupi zaka 10 kapena mwamsanga pamene maluwa a shrub amatha, mobwerezabwereza processing ndi 1% msuzi ikuchitika. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zomera zimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi njira yothetsera sulfure ndi madzi.

Pamene kupopera mbewu zitsamba zitsamba, yesetsani kuti musamalire aliyense currant nthambi ndi Mphukira.

Mukudziwa? M'mipikisano ya Chirasha, dzina la mtsinje Smorodinovka kapena Currant amatchulidwa. Anali pamtsinje wa Smorodino kuti msilikali wamatsengawo anavutika ndi njoka ya mutu itatu Gorynych ndipo anamugonjetsa. Zikuwonekeratu kuti dzina la mtsinje wakale unaperekedwa pofuna kulemekeza zipatso zabwino kwambiri zomwe zikukula m'mphepete mwake.

Zotsatira za anthu

Amilima akhala akuphunzira nthawi yaitali kuti apeze chilungamo chachitsamba choopsa chotchedwa currant bushes mothandizidwa ndi maphikidwe a anthu. Kuti chiwonongeko cha impso chikhale ndi ndalama zambiri: kutsanulira madzi otentha, adyolo madzi, mpiru ndi dandelion infusions, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezera.

Processing mabulosi baka ndi madzi otentha.

Mankhwalawa amachitikira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, ngakhale maluwa asanafike pamera. Pa nthawiyi, kawirikawiri pansi pa tchire akadakali chisanu. Kuti muzitsatira ndondomekoyi, muyenera kumanga chitsamba chosakanikirana ngati "tsache", ndikugwedezeka pansi ndikukonzekera nthawi yonseyi.

Chidebe cha madzi chimatenthedwa ndipo chimabweretsedwa ku chithupsa, pambuyo pake madzi amathiridwa mu munda wachitsulo kuthirira kungathe kutsanulira pa nthambi ndi makungwa. Madzi otentha amachititsa nkhupakupa kukumbidwa mu impso, kuwononga spores ya matenda a fungal (powdery mildew ndi ena) kubisala pa zomera ndi m'madera ozungulira, kumapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mbewu chikhale chofewa.

Ena omwe alimi wamaluwa amatha kutsanulira madzi otentha kumapeto kwa autumn (kumayambiriro mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa November). Panthawiyi, nkhuku zokhudzana ndi impso zakhala zikuonekera bwino - zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuposa zathanzi.

Processing adyo Tingafinye.

Pofuna kukonzekera kulowetsedwa, 200 magalamu a adyo amatengedwa, amawombedwa ndi kudumphidwira kupyola nyama (adyo mbale). Chodulidwa mandimu amatsanulira 10 malita a madzi ndikupita kukapatsa maola 2-3. Zomalizidwa bwinozo zimasankhidwa kupyolera mu sieve kapena gauze zopangidwa mu magawo awiri kapena atatu. Osalala adyo kulowetsedwa amatha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa currant baka.

Mbeu ya mpiru kuchepetsedwa kuchokera ku nkhupakupa.

200 magalamu a mpiru wouma amatsanulira ndi 10 malita a madzi ndipo anasiya usiku kuti apeze. M'maŵa, njirayi imasankhidwa kudzera mu sieve yabwino, imatsanuliridwa muchitsime cha mankhwala ndipo imathandizidwa ndi zomera.

Kulowetsedwa pazithunzi.

  • 200 magalamu a dandelion mizu (kutsukidwa ndi kuchapa);
  • 50 magalamu a masamba obiriwira a dandelion;
  • 10 malita a madzi.

Mizu ndi masamba amadutsa mwa chopukusira nyama, chophwanyika masamba akuphatikizidwa mu chidebe cha lita khumi ndikutsanulira madzi pamwamba pa chidebecho. Zomwe zili mu chidebe zimasakanizidwa bwino, ndipo zimasiyidwa kwa maola angapo.

Kutha kwa nthawi ino, kulowetsedwa kwakonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Asanagwiritse ntchito, kulowetsedwa uku kuyenera kusankhidwa.

Chithandizo ndi mankhwala a colloidal sulfure.

Ma gramu 10 a mankhwalawa amathiridwa muzitsulo zazikulu kapena pulasitiki ndikutsanulira ndi madzi khumi ozizira, osakaniza bwino, otsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi chivundikiro ndikusiya kwa mphindi 10-15.

Pambuyo pake, yankho liri okonzeka, lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochitira tchire lakuda ndi kofiira currants, gooseberries.

Mitundu yotsutsa

Njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera njira yowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, idzakhale ndi zipatso zatsopano, pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yolimbana ndi tizilombo.

Phunzirani za chisamaliro cha currants zakuda, zofiira currants, zoyera currants ndi golide currants.
Black currant:

  • "Irmen" ndi "Memory ya Michurin";
  • "Early Potapenko" ndi "Mu Memory of Potapenko";
  • "Nightingale usiku" ndi "okoma ku Belarus";
  • "Minx", "Sevchanka", "Riddle";
  • "Leningrad Sweet" ndi "Leningrad Giant";
  • "Kipiana" ndi "Oryol Serenade";
  • "Nara", "Otradnaya", "Chernysh";
  • "Black Pearl" ndi "Wamphamvu".

Mukudziwa? Mabulosi a Russian akulandiridwa kuchokera ku mawu "kununkhira"zimatanthauza chiyani "fungo" (tsopano "kununkhira" zogwirizana ndi zovuta zosangalatsa, koma makolo athu anali nazo zonse mosiyana), chifukwa fungo lokhazikika, makamaka lakuda, limakhala lodziwika bwino chifukwa cha mafuta oyenera kwambiri.

Red currant:

  • "Okondedwa";
  • "Cross Cross";
  • "Yonker van Tets";
  • "Cherry Vixne";
  • Chulkovskaya;
  • "Ilyinka";
  • "Ural wokongola";
  • "Moto wa Mizinda";
  • "Mdima wonyezimira".

White currant:

  • "Snezhana";
  • "White Fairy";
  • "Bayana";
  • "Gologolo";
  • "Versailles woyera".

Mu malo odyetserako ziweto ndi malo osungiramo zamasamba, mungathe kugula mitengo yamchere yochokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana (Russia, Ukraine, Poland). Wofesa munda ayenera kusankha zomwe zogwirizana kwambiri ndi nyengo zomwe zimaperekedwa.

Sitiyenera kuiwala kuti, patapita nthawi, ngakhale zokolola zambiri komanso zosavuta kuzizira pang'onopang'ono zimataya makhalidwe ake. Chitetezo cha m'kale chakale chikufooka ndi zaka, ndipo chikhoza kukhala ndi impso currant mite.

Kupewa

Ngati mukukonzekera kuti mupange mabulosi a currant, ndiye kuti mutenge zina kuti mukhale ndi zathanzi ndi zipatso zokolola mtsogolo.

  1. Sankhani mitundu yogonjetsedwa ndi matenda wamba ndi tizirombo ta currants.
  2. Tengani cuttings kuti musamalidwe okha ndi wathanzi, osatengeka ndi tizirombo ndi matenda omera.
  3. M'nthawi yam'mbuyo (kumapeto kwa autumn, nyengo yozizira, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe) amayang'ana kuyang'ana ndikuwonongeka kwa masamba omwe ali ndi kachilomboka pa tchire.
  4. Chotsani zitsamba zakufa, chotsani ku maluwa a mabulosi ndikuwotche.
  5. Chitani njira zothandizira nthawi yodwala matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
  6. Santhani zinthu zomwe munabzala.

Ndikofunikira! Zogula (zoperekedwa) zing'onozing'ono zing'onozing'ono musanadzalemo ziyenera kukonzedwa. Chithandizo chamatenthe ndi choyenera kwambiri chifukwa cha disinfection - mbande zimatsanulidwa ndi madzi otentha (40 °C) kwa mphindi 15-20. Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, mbande imalowetsedwa mu njira ya Fitoverma. Iyenera kukhala yokonzeka molingana ndi malangizo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera.
Pa cholinga cha prophylaxis, pakati pa mizere ya currants, n'zotheka kudzala cloves kapena adyo babu anyezi. Garlic imafalitsa phytoncides mlengalenga ndi m'nthaka, zomwe sizikondedwa kwambiri ndi impso mite. Ndibwino kuti tipeze malo oterewa chaka chilichonse, tidzakhala ngati chitetezo cha currants.

Blackcurrant bud mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis) ndi owopsa osati kokha chifukwa chodzala zoyera, zofiira ndi zakuda zakuda - zidzakonzeratu zitsamba za jamu.

Pofuna kupewa tizilombo kuti tisabzalitse munda wanu ndi kuwononga mbewu zamtsogolo, musakhale aulesi kuti muzitsatira kawirikawiri zamasamba ndi kupewa matenda, kugula zokhazokha zowyala kuchokera kwa wodalirika.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa