Pakati pa mitengo yoyambirira, chipale chofewa cha amaryllis chimadziwika kuti ndi chokongola kwambiri. Masamba oyera amawoneka pamiyendo yayitali mu Marichi. Sawopa chisanu, amaima bwino mnyumba zamaluwa. Chifukwa cha kusonkhanitsa anthu ambiri, atsala pang'ono kutheratu kuthengo.
Mitundu yambiri imayalidwa kukongoletsa minda, malo osungirako zinyama. Ku Holland, mababu odala chipale chofewa amakhala amtengo wapatali pamtengo wokhala ndi mababu a tulip. Ku England, madyerero a primroses adakhazikitsidwa, amakondwerera pa Epulo 19.
Kufotokozera kwatsoka chipale chofewa
Galanthus (chipale chofewa) kapena duwa la mkaka ndi chomera chochuluka kuchokera ku banja la amaryllis. Pali mitundu yoposa 20 ya zomera, yambiri imaphukira kumayambiriro kwamasika. Amakula m'magulu, amatha kusinthana bwino ndi malo omwe amakhala ku Russia. Zilonda zam'munsi zimaphimbidwa, masamba ndi akulu, ndikutalika kwakunja katatu komanso mafupipafupi amkati, amatulutsa fungo labwino. Nthawi yamaluwa - chiyambi cha dzinja kapena chiyambi cha masika. Pofika pakati pa chilimwe, kutumphukira kwa zipatso komwe kumakhala ndi magawo atatu kumapangidwa, kodzazidwa ndi mbewu zosalimba za imvi kapena mtundu wakuda. Masamba a chipale chofewa amakhala am'mizere, amalozera, amakula mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, kenako kufota. Bulb imakhala yozungulira kapena yopanga dzira, yopangidwa kuchokera m'mamba, imakula mpaka 3 cm mulifupi. Mu zolakwika zakunja, ana amapangidwa chaka chilichonse - njira zopambana.
Duwa limafalikira ndi mbewu, magawano. Osawopa chisanu. Kusintha bwino, kusinthasintha nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
Nthano zachikopa ndi nthano
Malinga ndi miyambo ya m'baibulo, Hava adachita nawo mawonekedwe a chipale chofewa. Anachotsedwa mu paradiso ndi Adamu nthawi yozizira. Eva adanong'oneza bondo izi, kuyang'ana kuzungulira chisanu. Masamba angapo oundana, pofuna kulimbikitsa apaulendo, kulengeza kasupe amene wayandikira, adasanduka maluwa oyera. Ma snowdrop mu chikhalidwe cha ku Europe amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha kubadwanso. Achifalansa, Ajeremani adatcha galanthus "belu la chipale chofewa". Dzinali silinachitike mwangozi, tchuthi chosalimba chimafanana ndi mawonekedwe. A Britain amatcha chipale chofewa "chipale chofewa". Maluwa amalimbikitsa olemba, olemba ndakatulo, ojambula.
M'miyambo ya anthu ambiri padziko lapansi pali nthano zachikhalidwe, miyambo yomwe imagwirizana ndi chipale chofewa. Nthano zaku Europe nthawi zambiri zimalankhula za zomwe zimachitika: kuchokera ku mikanda ya ngale kapena mano a chinjoka. Ku Russia, aliyense amadziwa nthano ya Samuel Marshak "miyezi 12."
Amayi opeza adatumiza mwana wawo wamkazi ku nkhalangoko kukasokerera chipale chofewa. Abalewo adamumvera chisoni kwa miyezi yambiri ndikulora maluwa.
Chipale chofewa mu buku lofiira
Zomera zachilengedwe za galanthus zikucheperachepera chifukwa cha maluwa ambiri. Amawonekera dzulo la Marichi 8, osazizira kwa nthawi yayitali, amayenda bwino. Tsopano kugulitsa chipale chofewa kuli koletsedwa. Kutolere chipale chofewa kumatsutsidwa. Mitundu yambiri yama primroses amalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira, kuphatikizapo galanthus. Malo omwe maluwa amakulira m'chigawo cha Russia m'zaka zapitazi adalandira malo osungirako kapena malo osungira kuti maluwa kubereka.
Mitundu ya Galanthus
Pafupifupi mitundu 20 ya chipale chofewa chimadziwika. Pazokongoletsa zokongoletsera zamasamba gwiritsani ntchito theka.
Alpine
Ndiwofalikira wa Western Transcaucasia. Kutalika kwa mtengowo, womwe umaphuka ndi maluwa oyera ngati chipale chofewa, ndi masentimita 6 mpaka 6. Masamba akuluakulu amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa chosema ndi mtundu wabuluu. Nthawi zambiri imamera m'makumba a chilimwe.
Choyera ngati chipale
Kugawikidwira kuthengo, kumatulutsa kumapeto kwa February, koyambirira kwa Marichi, kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Babu imakula mpaka 2 cm, kutalika kwa muvi wamaluwa ndi 12 cm, masamba ndi ofupikirako pang'ono. Mphukira ndi yayikulu, yopanga mawonekedwe, mpaka 3 cm, imakhala mpaka mwezi. Mitundu yoposa 500 ya zigawo zosiyanasiyana idapangidwa malinga ndi chipale chofewa choyera. Wotchuka ku Russia: Lady Elphinstone, Arnott.
Bortkevich
Amamera ku Caucasus pafupi ndi mitengo ya beech. Amatchedwa pambuyo pa botanist yemwe adafotokoza bwino za mtengowo. Masamba ndi opapatiza, wandiweyani, obiriwira wandiweyani wokhala ndi buluu wamtundu, amakula mpaka 6 masentimita kuti atumphukire, kenako kufikira mtunda wa 30 cm.
Masamba ndiwokhazikika, wozungulira, pakati ndi kachidutswa kobiriwira. Kutalika kwa pamakhala mpaka 4 cm.
Byzantine
Zokhudza banja la chipale chofewa, ngakhale maluwa amatuluka m'dzinja, osati nthawi yophukira. Iwoneka kuti yapindidwa: ili ndi miyala itatu yoyera yoyera ndi masamba obiriwira ambiri okhala ndi sitiroko yoyera. Imapezeka kutchire m'mphepete mwa Bosphorus, yomwe imalimidwa ku Western Europe, sigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Russia.
Voronova
Mwachilengedwe, chogawidwa kumapeto kwa Caucasus m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda, yomwe imalimidwa kumaiko aku Europe, imakula bwino pakati pa Russia. Chipale chofewa chimatchedwa dzina la wasayansi wotchuka yemwe amateteza zachilengedwe zachilengedwe. Phula limakhala lotalika mpaka 15 cm, kutalika kwa ma petals kuchokera 2 mpaka 4 cm. Mphukira ndiwopangidwa mwazithunzi wamba, mpaka masiku 20. Masamba ndi opapatiza, mpaka 2,5 cm mulifupi, wokutidwa, wowongoka pang'ono.
Ikari
Kuthengo, imapezeka ku Greece kokha, imalima bwino madera ena, osazindikira nthaka. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wamasamba, kachidutswa kobiriwira pamiyala yamkati. Kutalika kwa muvi ndi mpaka 20 cm, babu ndi ochepa, mpaka 2 cm. Mphukira ndi wautali wa 4cm, wopindika, apamwamba apamwamba amaŵerama. Limamasula mu Epulo, tchuthi chimatha mpaka masiku 25.
Caucasus
Mtundu wopindika womwe umapezeka m'nkhalango za Central Transcaucasia, Iran. Masamba owongoka, opapatiza, gloss. Amakula mpaka 25cm nthawi yakula, amafika masentimita 15 nthawi yamaluwa. Pesi la maluwa ndilotsika, mpaka 20 cm. Mphukira yooneka ngati belu imakhala mpaka masentimita 1.5. Ziphuphu ndizoyera, zopapatiza mpaka 2,5 cm. Mumtambo wamkati wokhala ndi malo obiriwira. Limamasula kumapeto kwa Marichi, limamasula mpaka masiku 15, limasungidwa bwino. Imazizira nthawi yozizira. M'minda yaminda pamafunika pogona.
Mchilitsi
Imamera kumayiko aku Asia kumapeto kwa mapiri, komwe kumapezeka pafupi ndi Batumi. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi babu wooneka ngati mphero, mpaka 2 cm. Masamba ndi opaque, owongoka, opapatiza, mpaka 1.5 cm.
Peduncle amakula mpaka 20 cm. Mitundu yakunja yokhala ndi nsonga yolowamo imafikira 3 cm, mkati mpaka 1 cm, yobiriwira pang'ono pansi. Limamasamba pakati pa Marichi, masamba amatha mpaka sabata.
Zokhazikika
Amapezeka m'gawo la Crimea, Moldova, Ukraine. Chipolopolocho ndi chopanga dzira, chili ndi masikelo ofiira, mpaka masentimita atatu.
Masamba okhala ndi mtundu wamtundu wa buluu wamtundu pakusintha kuchokera ku kuwala kukafika kubiriwira lakuda, kukhala wonyezimira, ndikugwera pansi. Peduncle amakula mpaka 25 cm. Mphukirayo ndi yayikulu, yotanthana, ndipo yopingasa mpaka masentimita 4. Imawonekera mu Marichi, imamasula mpaka masabata atatu.
Broadleaf
Imapezeka ku Caucasus, imaphatikizidwa bwino m'malo otentha. Babu limakula lalikulu, mpaka 5 cm.
Masamba owongoka, owonda, wobiriwira. Muvi umakula mpaka 20 cm, masamba ooneka ngati belu amawonekera mu Epulo ndipo amakhala kwa milungu itatu. Kutalika kwa nsapato za ellipsoidal ndi mpaka 4,5 masentimita, m'matumbo amkati mulibe banga.
Elveza
Kugawidwa ku Eastern Europe, adatchedwa botanist yemwe adafotokoza. Amasiyana ndi masamba owoneka bwino (chikwangwani chiziwoneka), mawonekedwe ozungulira mphukira. Kutalika kwa nsabwezo ndi masentimita 5. Kutalika kwa muvi wamaluwa ndi 25 cm, m'lifupi mwake masamba ndi masentimita 3. Amamasuka kuyambira pakati pa Okutobala mpaka pakati pa Malichi, amasungidwa bwino.
Zambiri zakukula komanso kufalitsa chipale chofewa
Primroses samabzalidwa pamabedi amodzi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza mitundu ya mapangidwe a mapiri kumapiri a mapiri, m'maluwa amaluwa, m'minda yamiyala, m'miyala yamiyala. Chipale chofewa chimalolera bwino malo oyandikana nawo:
- ndi maluwa ena ovala maluwa: tulips, daffodils;
- mbewu zosatha zimamera m'dzinja, ndikupanga gawo lopuma, masamba akafa.
Mitambo ya chipale chofewa siziopa kubwerera kukuzizira, kusiyanasiyana ndi kutentha. Masamba, mivi yamaluwa imangogwada kenako kuwongola, ndikupitilira maluwa.
Mababu a Galanthus ndi oopsa, kugwira nawo ntchito kumafuna kulondola. Khungu lamanja limatetezedwa ndi magolovesi. Pobzala pamalopo sankhani malo abwino, omwe nthawi yotentha imakhala. Ma primroses ofewa sakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Nthaka imakonda kupepuka, yopatsa thanzi. Pamadothi ocheperako, mababu samakula bwino. Madera omwe kumakhala madzi ambiri pansi amayambitsidwa kuti madzi asachitike.
Mukabzala, mababuwo amayikidwa m'mimba mwake mainchesi atatu. Njira za mwana wamkazi zimakula padera, pamalo osaya. Mukukula, samadzilimbitsa okha, amafunika kuti adzaikidwe. Babu pachaka limapereka kwa ana atatu, pakapita nthawi, mawonekedwe a mabowo pazomera. Amalimbikitsa kuti azigawidwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zilizonse. Masamba osunthira amathandizidwa ndi makala osankhidwa kuti asafe ndi matenda. Njira zolumikizirana zimabzala nthawi yomweyo, osalola kuyanika.
Kufalikira kwa mbeu: Zofesedwa mchaka, zakuwiswa ndi masentimita awiri, kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri. Mphukira imaswa m'masiku 20-25, masamba akuyenera kudikirira zaka 3-4.
Nthaka yogona pobzala imakonzedwa ndi distillation (zosaposa ¼ mwa kuchuluka kwa nthaka), feteleza wovuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zochuluka za babu. Onani kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo. Manyowa atsopano sagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa, nayitrogeni owonjezera amakhumudwitsa kukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Chipale chofewa chimadziwika ndi zotupa zamavuto. Masamba akakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni, akatembenuka, mabowo amakumbidwa ndikuwachotsa kuti mbewu zapafupi zisakhudzidwe. Zilonda zam'madzi zimachitika pambuyo pa nyengo yachisanu yofunda kapena kudya kwambiri. Pakukonza pogwiritsa ntchito fungicides achilengedwe. Chlorosis - kudula masamba kumachitika chifukwa chosowa malo, pankhaniyi, kuvala zovala zapamwamba, superphosphate zimawonjezeredwa.
Ziweto zoopsa ndi:
- daffodil akuuluka omwe mphutsi zake zimadya mababu;
- anyezi nematode, mbewuyo imayamba kuzimiririka;
- agulugufe akuwala, amayikira mazira pamasamba.
Tizilombo tikuopa kuwunika. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika pamene tizilombo ta mapiko oyamba tikuwoneka. Mababu amadyedwa ndi makoswe, mphukira ndi masamba. Phulusa la nkhuni ndi njira yolepheretsa.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala kudzidziwitsa amadziwuza: malamulo angapo obweza chipale chofewa
Okonda primrose omwe ali ndi galanthus m'mazamba amathandiza chomera pa nyengo yonse ya moyo wawo. Zinthu zofunika kukumbukira kuti mukwaniritse maluwa abwino:
- Simuyenera kubzala mbewuyo pamalo oyanika mwachangu, padzikoli padzakhala maluwa ochepa. Pamalo otsika pomwe akasungunuka madzi, mababu adzawola.
- Pambuyo kumera, chomera chimafunikira kuthiriridwa, ngati kuli madzi ochepa osungunuka, kwanthawi yayitali kulibe mvula.
- Ndikwabwino kugawa mabampu kapena kupatula ana nthawi ya chilimwe, nthawi yamvula ikapuma. Kuphukira kwa nthawi yophukira, mababu sapeza mphamvu zonse, osabzala masamba. Chapakatikati, mbewu sizisokonezanso.
- Masamba achikasu okha ndi omwe amadula masambawo akamatha. Mitundu imapereka chakudya kwa mababu atsopano.
- M'nthawi ya chisanu, chipale chofewa chimakutidwa ndi manyowa kapena kompositi kuti dothi lisazizire. Zotetezedwa zolemera pamwamba pa galanthus sizitero.
- Nthawi yamaluwa, umuna uyenera kukhala wa phosphate. Kugwiritsa ntchito ena ndikosayenera. Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, masamba amapangika kwambiri, mbewuyo imayamba kuvunda.
Mukamapanga nyengo yabwino, duwa limakula bwino, chaka chilichonse limatulutsa mivi ya utoto.
Mapiri a chipale chofewa safuna kukonza kosalekeza. Ngati malo obzala asankhidwa bwino, mbewuyo imazika mizu bwino, idzaberekanso palokha. Mphukira iliyonse padzakhala masamba ochulukirapo.
Mutha kukwaniritsa maluwa pang'onopang'ono ngati mutabzala mitundu ingapo ya galanthus, mwachitsanzo, Elvezu, White-Snow, Folded. Adzakondwera kwa nthawi yayitali ndi masamba osakhazikika kuyambira koyambirira kwa kasupe mpaka chisanu chisungunuke.
