Mphesa sizimawopa chisanu: lingaliro la chisanu chokana ndi mawonekedwe a kukula mitundu

Mphesa ndizachikhalidwe chokonda kutentha, zimachokera kumaiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yabwino. Komabe, omwe amapanga viniga amateur akufuna kubzala mabulosi dzuwa ngakhale pakati pa Russia, ku Urals, Siberia ndi Far East. Pachifukwa ichi, mitundu ya mphesa ndikulimbana kwambiri ndi chisanu imaberekedwa. Kupeza mbewu zabwino zokhala mabulosi m'mikhalidwe yovuta sikovuta, koma ndikofunika kudziwa zovuta za kukula ndi kusamalira mphesa.

Lingaliro la chisanu kukaniza mitundu ya mphesa

Muupangiri wa viticulture, tanthauzo la chisanu chokana mitundu yosiyanasiyana limaperekedwa. Kukwatirana kwa mphesa ndi kuthekera kwa kachulukidwe kake kazikhala kakang'ono nthawi yachisanu kuti ipirire kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa kuzinthu zomwe zafotokozederedwa mu mawonekedwe a mitunduyo, popanda kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kochepa kwa maso mphukira yapachaka. Mwachidule - uku ndiko kukaniza kwa mitundu kosiyana ndi kutentha kotsika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamtengo wotsika pang'ono mbali zake za mbewu zomwe zimapanga zipatsozo sizimafa. Ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa kutentha kwa nyengo m'nyengo yozizira, masamba (maso) a mpesawo amaundana, ndiye khungwa ndi cambium yamatabwa a chomera chiwonongeka. Izi zimagwira makamaka kwa mbande zazing'ono za chaka chimodzi ndi ziwiri zakubadwa. Chikhalidwe chotere monga kukana chisanu chimatsimikiziridwa mwa kuyesa mtundu uliwonse wa mphesa. Mlingo wa kukana chisanu umatengedwa pazotsatira zakuwona kwakutali kwa kakulidwe kazomera pamikhalidwe ya malo oyeserera. Chizindikirochi ndi mtengo wokhazikika (muyezo). M'mikhalidwe yeniyeni, nthawi zina zosiyana kwambiri ndi zabwino, chisanu chokana mphesa ndizochepa kuposa momwe zanenedwera.

Gome: Gulu la mphesa mothandizidwa ndi chisanu

Pa kutentha kovuta kwambiri, kuzizira kwa 50% ya zipatso (maso) ndizotheka. Kuchepetsa kutentha kumawonjezera chiwerengerochi mpaka 80%. Kuwonongeka ndi chisanu ku mbande zapachaka, kumene sikukutulutsa masamba okha, komanso matenthedwe, kumayambitsa kufa kwa chitsamba chonse. Dongosolo la kukana chisanu mwanjira zosiyanasiyana ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula mphesa pachikhalidwe chosaphimba. Monga lamulo, awa ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba mwamtundu wa mahema, maunda apamwamba, zipilala ndi ma arbor, pomwe manja a mphesa samachotsedwa pamathandizo, koma nthawi yozizira poyera.

Poyerekeza ndi chisanu chomwe chimagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira kwambiri, nyengo yozizira imawoneka kukana kwawo pazovuta zina (kuphatikiza kutentha pang'ono) nthawi yozizira. Monga lamulo, zipatso zambiri zomwe zimawonetsa chisanu kwambiri sizigwiritsanso ntchito nyengo yozizira.

Yu.V. Trunov, pulofesa, dokotala S.-kh. zamasayansi

"Zipatso zikulira." LLC Publishing House KolosS, Moscow, 2012

Zambiri za mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu

Kupambana kwa kubzala mphesa nthawi zina nyengo zimadalira kutentha kwa dera lino. Amadziwika kuti kufunikira kwa kuchuluka kwa kutentha ndi masiku amasamba dzuwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ndizosiyana kwambiri. Kutentha kochepa kumachepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yomwe imafuna kutentha kwambiri. Ngati zitsamba za mpesa ziwonongeka ndi kuzizira kwambiri, kufa kwawo kwakukulu kumachitika. Kutentha kwambiri kwa chisanu kumawonetsedwa muzomera nthawi yayitali yozizira. Mukasunthika kuchoka ku organic dormancy kupita kukakamizidwa kukomoka kumapeto kwa dzinja, kenako mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yomera, chisanu cha zipatso zosazizira chimachepa. Kubwezerani masika a masika kumakhudza maluwa. Kuchepa kocheperako kwa mphesa ndi chisanu ndi nthawi yamaluwa. Wosagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi chisanu ndi mpesa. Mosiyana ndi maluwa ndi mizu ya mphesa, imatha kupirira ngakhale madigiri makumi awiri. Ngati, chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira kwambiri, mpesawo udatha kugundidwa, mu mphukira yatsopano ikasinthidwa kumera kumera kuchokera kumabedi ogona ndipo tchire limabwezeretsedwa nthawi imodzi yokulira.

Kanema: Kusankha mphesa - maupangiri otha kukulitsa mbewu

Kusamalira mphesa za mitundu yosagwira chisanu kwenikweni ndi chimodzimodzi kusamalira mitundu wamba. Muli ndi kumasula dothi mwachindunji pansi pa tchire ndi ma kanjira, kutsirira pafupipafupi, kuwonongedwa kwa namsongole, mapangidwe olondola komanso kudulira m'nthawi yake tchire, komanso kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Poterepa, kusankha kwa mitundu yomwe ili yoyenera makamaka nyengo, nthawi ndi malo obzala mbande za mphesa ndizofunikira kwambiri. M'madera omwe mitengo ikuluikulu ya mphesa ikumera yozizira, mphesa ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi zida zoyenera, zomwe zimateteza ku kuwonongeka kwa chisanu ndi thaws mwadzidzidzi. Zingwe za mphesa zosagwira chisanu kufikira zaka zinayi zimakhazikitsidwa nyengo yachisanu, mosasamala kanthu za zofunda kapena zosaphimba.

Kanema: Chipale chofewa cha mpesa

Ngakhale kuti mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu imatha kulekerera chisanu champhamvu, imafunikira kukonzekera yozizira. Mphesa zomwe zimachotsedwa mu trellis ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi, ndipo makamaka pamapulogalamu, madenga omata kapena mitengo yamatabwa. Kenako manja ndi mipesa imaphwanyidwa ndi nthambi za coniferous spruce, zidutswa za phulusa la polystyrene, linoleum ndipo zimakutidwa ndi agrofibre zidakulungidwa m'magawo angapo, ndipo pamwamba ndi kanema kuti ziziteteza ku chinyontho. Pansi pa chipale chofewa, mphesa zotetezedwa m'njira imeneyi zimasenda bwino ngakhale mu chisanu chovuta kwambiri. Kukhazikika kunayesedwa kuti 10cm kutalika kwa chipale chofewa chimasunga mphesa madigiri khumi kutentha.

Nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa Okutobala, ndimatenga mphesa zanga ku trellis, ndikudula, nthawi zonse ndikusiya mipesa yayikulu 3-4, ndipo aliyense amakhala ndi mfundo imodzi yolowera m'malo ena ndi 1 mpesa wa zipatso. Ndimachotsa mphukira zofowoka ndi zokhota zomwe zimachokera ku muzu, ndikudula mphukira zomwe zalengeza chaka chamawa ku mpesa wopatsa zipatso, osasiya hemp. Mphukira zachikale ndi zosawoneka bwino, zomwe zimakhala ndi makungwa osweka, ochokera kumizu, kudula pansi. Nditadula mphesa yonse, ndimaiyika pansi, ndikakanikiza mipesa ndi timitengo kuti isaphuke. Chifukwa chake amadikirira kufikira nthawi yamasika.

O. Strogova, wolima dimba, Samara

Magazini Oyang'anira Magazi, Na. 6, Juni 2012

Zipatso pa kukula kwa chaka chino, zimayambira pachaka - masamba. Chifukwa chake, mphukira zapachaka ndizo maziko a mbewu. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mbande za chaka chachiwiri ziyenera kudulidwadwadwadwidwa kuti nthambi zamatchire ziyambe kupanga. Kuyambira kuyambira wazaka zitatu, nthawi yophukira, mphukira za mphesa zomwe zimatsegulidwa nyengo yozizira zimamangirizidwa kumathandizo okonzekera - trellises. Masamba a mphesa a mitundu yophimba amadulidwa m'magawo awiri: m'dzinja - isanachitike malo okhala tchire chisanu ndi chisanu - masamba atatsegulidwa mpaka masamba atatseguka ndipo masamba atayamba. Mukamadulira, siyani maso ambiri (mphukira zamtsogolo zabwino) zomwe zimapereka zokolola zambiri popanda kuchepetsa chitsamba. Kuchulukitsa kwa maso komwe kumatsitsa kumatchedwa katundu wa chitsamba.

Vidiyo: kudulira chitsamba champhesa chaching'ono

Kudulira mphesa zamitundu yosaphimba kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake: tchire limadulidwa makamaka nthawi yophukira-nyengo yozizira, masabata awiri kapena atatu masamba atagwa, ndikupitilira nyengo yonse yachisanu pang'onopang'ono ndi zero kapena zabwino (+ 3-5^ºC) kutentha kusanatseguke impso. Ma sleeve amitundu yosaphimbira imakhazikika pazipilala, arbar, malinga a nyumba.

Oyambirira kugonjetsedwa ndi zipatso za mphesa

Kumagawo akum'mwera, mphesa zimatha kucha popanda kutayika mpaka pakati pa nyengo yophukira. Mukukula mbewuyi m'malo okhala ndi nthawi yochepa yofunda komanso kuthekera koyambira koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira, nthawi kuchokera pa maluwa mpaka yakucha kwathunthu ya mbewu iyenera kuchepetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yosiyanitsidwa ndi zigawo za Central, North-Western ndi Ural zimakhala ndi nyengo yochepa yophukira, kuchuluka kwa chisanu kumawonjezereka ndipo kumawerengedwa kuti ndikumayambiriro komanso koyambirira. Mphesa izi ndi monga mphesa za Krasa Severa, Muromets, Timur, Agat Donskoy, Talisman, Kodryanka ndi ena angapo.

Gome: Mphesa zoyambirira zosagwira chisanu

Mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri imadziwika ndi:

• zokolola zambiri zamtchire;
• kukoma kwabwino kwa zipatso;
• kudzipukuta (chifukwa cha maluwa okongola awiri);
• kusasitsa kwathunthu kwa mpesa;
• kuphatikizika kwa magwiridwe antchito (mwatsopano ndi timadziti, zakumwa, vin).

Mphesa zamtundu wa Talisman zimakhala ndi maluwa amtundu womwewo (wachikazi), chifukwa chake, kuti apukutire, amafunikira mitundu yolingana yolumikizirana mungu.

Chithunzi cha zithunzi: mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa zoyambirira

Ngakhale kufanana kwakukulu pamakhalidwe, mitundu yoyambirira imasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe apamwamba a folic acid mu zipatso adabweretsa ulemu wa mankhwala a mphesa a Krasa Severa. Mphesa zimasiyananso pakukaniza kwawo matenda oyamba ndi kufunikira kwa chitetezo m'nyengo yozizira. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo cha kufinya kapena oidium ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa fungicidal nthawi yakula. Nthawi yake komanso kuchuluka kwa makonzedwe kumatengera mitundu ya mphesa.

Popeza kuthana ndi chisanu kwambiri, madera akumwera kwa Central Black Earth Zone, mphesa zitha kubzalidwa mu chikhalidwe chosaphimba. Komabe, pankhani ya chipale chofewa kapena chisanu kwambiri, tchire limafunikira pogona popewa kuzizira kwa maluwa ndi mitengo. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa achinyamata mbewu momwe makulidwe amtundu wa mitengo ya mpesa ndi manja ake ali osakwanira.

Kanema: Mitundu yoyambirira ya dera la Moscow komanso dera la Northwest

Mphesa mitundu yowonjezera chisanu

Chifukwa cha ntchito yobereketsa, malo olimilira mphesa zosagwira chisanu adakulirakulira kumadera akumpoto, ndipo tsopano malire a kulima kwake amayenda motsatira mzere wa Smolensk-Tver-Ivanovo-Kazan-Ufa. Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu kwambiri ndi Northern Early, Platovsky, Crystal, Zilga, Korinka Russian, Memory of Dombkovskaya. Mphesa zamtunduwu zimapirira chisanu kuchokera -28^°Kuyambira -32^°C. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ukakula m'madera akumpoto kwambiri, tchire limafunikira malo abwino osungirako nyengo yachisanu. M'malo okhala ndi nyengo yofunda, pakakhala kusinthasintha kwa kutentha nyengo yachisanu, mphesa sizitha kuphimbidwa kapena pobisalira kwambiri.

Mphesa Kukumbukira kwa Dombkowska ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndizilimidwa m'minda yanyumba ngati zipatso zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri, zophatikizidwa m'magulu akuluakulu okongola mpaka 370 g

Matebulo osiyanasiyana Pamyat Dombkovskoy ali m'gulu la m'matumbo (opanda mbewu). Mphesa zikucha kwambiri, nthawi yakula ndi masiku 110-115. Tchire ndilamphamvu, limakhala ndi maluwa owoneka bwino ndipo limapukutidwa mosadukiza. Zomera ndizambiri, pafupifupi 8.5-9 kg / chitsamba. Pazinthu zosinthika, chisanu chimalephera mpaka madigiri makumi awiri ndi asanu ndi atatu, komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zikhazikike mphesa nthawi yachisanu. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zamitundu mitundu. Zoyipa zake zimaphatikizira kuchulukitsa nthawi ndi nthawi pamasamba. Izi zimapangitsa kugawana zipatso ndi kuchepa kwawo. Makhalidwe onsewa amakupatsani mwayi kuti mukule mphesa Pamyat Dombkovskaya ku Russia konse.

Mphesa zamtundu wa Plato za Plato ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa chodzimana polima ndipo zimapereka zokolola zabwino zokhazokha ngakhale nyengo ilibe nyengo.

Makhalidwe apamwamba a mitundu ya mphesa za Plovsky:

1. Amakulidwa makamaka ngati luso laukadaulo.
2. Zokolola zipsa msanga, masiku 110-115.
3. Zipatso zake ndizaphikidwe kwambiri, ndizomveka bwino komanso shuga wambiri (21.3%).
4. Zabwino zimachokera ku 3.5 mpaka 5 kg pa chitsamba chilichonse.
5. Kukula kwa tchire kuli kwapakatikati, kusiyanasiyana kumadzipukutira tokha.
6. Imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu (-29^°C), motero, kumpoto kwa Caucasus nthawi zambiri kumakhala chikhalidwe.
7. Ikulira kukana matenda oyamba ndi fungus komanso kusatetezeka ku phylloxera.
8. Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zopanga vinyo wowuma wabwino kwambiri.

Kanema: Mphesa za Plogsky zosiyanasiyana

Kukolola mphesa Kumayambiriro kwa TSHA kucha, mkati mwa masiku 110-115. Mphesa zamtunduwu sizisiyanitsidwa ndi makulidwe ake apadera: pamitengo yayikulu-yayikulu, kulemera (zipatso pafupifupi 2 g) zimatola timagulu tating'onoting'ono (kulemera kwa 75-90 g). Nthawi zambiri chitsamba chimodzi chimapereka zipatso pafupifupi 3.5 kg. Maluwa amakhala amitundu iwiri, motero palibe chifukwa chowonjezera kupukutira. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zotsika (pamlingo wa 40-60%) zosagwirizana ndi fungal matenda ndi tizirombo (zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kangaude). Frost kukaniza mphesa adakhazikitsidwa mpaka -28^°C. Koma popeza kuti mitunduyi ili ndi chilolezo chodzalimidwa m'magawo onse a Russian Federation, madera akumpoto kwa malo obisalirako nthawi yozizira amafunika.

Chifukwa cha kukoma kwakoma kwa zipatso ndi kununkhira kwa chinanazi, mitundu yoyambirira ya TLCA imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mitundu yonse, pakumwa mwatsopano komanso pokonza zipatso, ma compotes ndi vin

Chochititsa chidwi ndi mitundu ya mphesa yomwe imakula bwino ndikupanga zipatso ku Siberia: Mapeyala Saba, Rusven, Amirkhan, Aleshenkin, Arkady. Ndipo iyi si mndandanda wathunthu wa mitundu yomwe imakhazikika nyengo yovuta ndi nyengo yochepa komanso nthawi yayitali, nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Masiku ano, mphesa, zomwe mpaka pano zimangotchulidwa kuti ndi chikhalidwe chakumwera, zidakhazikika m'malo a anthu olima masamba ku Siberia.

Kanema: Zinthu zamitundu yosagwira chisanu ku Siberia

Poganizira momwe Siberia ilili, mitundu yowonjezera-yoyambilira komanso yoyambilira imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala. Ukadaulo waulimi pakukula mphesa m'derali uli ndi zake. Ngakhale kutentha kwazizira kwambiri komanso chisanu chikutha, tchire nthawi yozizira imatha kuwonongeka ndi chisanu. Chifukwa chake, mphesa ku Siberia zimabzalidwa mwina m'maenje kapena m'mizere italiitali, ndikutentha kwa ma boles ndi mizu. Komabe, mikhalidwe yoipa motere ili ndi mbali yabwino: Palibe matenda kapena tizirombo zomwe zimakhudza mphesa. Chifukwa chake, palibe mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amafunikira ndipo mbewuyo imakula mwachilengedwe. Mitundu yambiri ya mphesa imakhala ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri, zonunkhira komanso zokongola, zomwe zimasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu. Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mpesawo uli ndi nthawi yakucha ndipo mphesa zimanyamuka mwachangu nthawi yozizira.

Mitundu ya mphesa yosaphimba

Mitundu ya mphesa, chikhalidwe chake chachikulu kwambiri chomwe chimapangitsa kwambiri kukana chisanu (mpaka -40^ºC) amatchedwa osaphimba kapena gazebo. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imakhala yovuta kufota, oidium ndi imvi zowola. Zipatso ndizosachepera kukula ndipo zimakoma zipatso zophimba (European) mitundu, koma izi zimabwezedwa chifukwa chokhoza kugwiritsa ntchito tchire kumata misewu, ngodya zopumira. Cholinga chachikulu cha mitundu yosaphimba mphesa ndi luso, popanga vinyo ndi zakumwa.

Chifukwa chokongoletsa kwambiri zipatso ndi shuga wambiri, mawotchi apamwamba kwambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku mphesa zamtunduwu

Mitundu ya Saperavi Northern ndi yaukadaulo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu winemaking. Kukolola kumacha mochedwa, kumapeto kwa Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Chodziwika bwino pa mitundu ndiyakuti maburashi omwe akhwima sauma mkati mwa masiku 20-25. Zipatsozi ndizopatsa zipatso kwambiri, zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri (17-20%), koma zazing'ono, zolemera 0.8-1.2 g. Kukoma kwa zipatsozo ndi "isabel" wina, yemwe amayamikiridwa popanga vinyo. Masango ndi ochepa kukula, pafupifupi, kulemera kwa burashi imodzi kuli pafupifupi magalamu 100. Kukhala ndi maluwa apawiri, mitunduyo imadzipukutira tokha. Pa chikhalidwe chosavundikira, manja ndi mipesa ya Saperavi Northern imatha kupirira chisanu mpaka 30^ºC.

Kusakaniza zipatso zabwino za msuzi chifukwa cha kukoma kwa mphesa za Alfa komanso kuchuluka kwa acidity zimapangitsa kuti pakhale pofunikira popanga mavinyo owuma

Mphesa za Alfa zimadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri. Zipatso zazing'ono zamchere wowawasa zimasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu a sing'anga komanso kulemera (mpaka 200 g). Pa tchire lalitali, mbewuzo zimapsa patatha masiku 140 mpaka 145 patatha maluwa. Zosiyanazi ndizodzala zokha, matenda oyamba ndi tizirombo sizowonongeka. Kuthana ndi chisanu kwambiri mpaka -40^°C imakupatsani mwayi kuti mukule mphesa zamtunduwu popanda pobisala mu mawonekedwe a arches ndi arbor, zokongoletsera khoma. Ngakhale zipatso zomwe zimagwidwa pang'ono ndi chisanu sizimataya kukoma ndi ulaliki wawo.

Kutalika komanso kusungidwa bwino kwa chisanu limodzi ndi zipatso zosangalatsa kumapangitsa zipatso kuti zitheke monga zipatso za gazebo komanso ngati chithandiziro

Mitundu ya mphesa za Dvietis zila yasankhidwa ku Latvia kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta nthawi yachisanu. Tchire siligwirizana ndi kutentha kwa kutentha mpaka -40^°C, pomwe mizu ya mphesa imalepheretsa kuzizira kwa nthaka mpaka madigiri khumi. Ngakhale zipatso za mphesa izi ndizocheperako, zimakhala ndizabwino kwambiri ndi fungo labwino la sitiroberi. Magulu a sing'anga kukula ndi misa mpaka 150 magalamu okhwima m'miyezi inayi. Zosiyanazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zokolola zokwanira chomera chosaphimba - 10-15 makilogalamu zipatso zimapezeka kuchitsamba chimodzi. Makhalidwe abwino a zipatso amapereka mitundu yambiri ya Dvietis zila pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha maluwa okongola awiriwa, tchire timadzipukutira tokha ndipo titha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupukutira mphesa ndi maluwa aakazi oyenera mitundu yoyambirira. Mphesa zimagwera pang'ono kuwonongeka ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.

Kanema: Unenanso za mitundu ya mphesa zosaphimba yozizira

Mitundu ya mphesa zosagwidwa ndi chisanu ku Ukraine

Zilimidwe ku Ukraine, mitundu yonse yolimbana ndi chisanu imagwiritsidwa ntchito yomwe idayesedwa bwino kuti ikhale pakati pa Russia ndi Belarus. Mphesa zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo mphesa za Arcadia, Saba Ngale, Bako, Kiev koyambirira, Platovsky, Muscat Delight, Agat Donskoy, Nadezhda AZOS ndi mitundu ina yambiri. Zambiri mwazipatso za mphesa zoyambilira ndi zapakatikati, zodzipukutira zokha, zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri kuphatikizira kukoma kosangalatsa kwa zipatso. Kukanani ndi matenda a fungal ndikulolera chisanu bwino mpaka -25-30^°C.

Kanema: Mitundu ya mphesa pakukula m'chigawo cha Kiev

Mitundu ya mphesa yaukadaulo ndiyodziwika kwambiri pakati pa ambiri olimapo a ku Ukraine: Crystal, Lydia, Isabella, Mphatso ya Magarach. Chifukwa cha nyengo yofatsa kumadera ambiri ku Ukraine, mphesa izi zimabadwa makamaka mchikhalidwe chosaphimba.

Kanema: Mphesa Zosaphimba

Nyengo ya madera akum'mawa a Ukraine nyengo yamasiku ano imagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyengo ya kumpoto kwa Caucasus ku Russia. Izi ndizofunikira kudziwa posankha mitundu ya mphesa kuti ikule m'maderawa. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yakucha yoyambirira ndi yapakatikati imalimidwa pano. Maluwa osakhazikika a Donbass omwe amakhala ndi thaws pafupipafupi, ndipo nthawi zina ozizira kwambiri, amafotokoza kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yophimba. Ngakhale mitundu yopanda chophimba imamera bwino pachikhalidwe cha khoma.

Kanema: Ndemanga za mitundu ya mphesa zoyambirira kudera la Luhansk

Nyumba yathu yachilimwe ili m'dera la Donetsk. Nthaka zathu ndizabwino, zachonde, koma chilengedwe nthawi zambiri chimawonetsa mayere ake. Kenako mu Epulo, mphepo yakum'mawa ibweretsa mvula yamkuntho, kenako chipale chofewa pakati pa dzinja chimasungunuka, kenako chimazizira masana ndipo chilichonse chimakutidwa ndi ayezi. Dothi patsamba lathu, ngakhale limakhala chonde, koma ndi mchenga wambiri, motero, nthawi yozizira kwambiri imazizira kwambiri. Chovuta kwambiri m'magawo amenewo ndi mphesa. Ngati nthawi yozizira inkakhala chipale chofewa chambiri ndikusokonekera kwambiri, ndiye kuti mizu yake imazizira. Ndipo ikayamba kutentha, mizu imangodzaza popanda mpweya. Tili ndi munda wamphesa; baka angapo a Odessa souvenir, Arcadia ndi Agate Donsky amakula. Agate ndiye wokondedwa kwambiri pakati pa banja lathu. Osasamala chisamaliro, opatsa thanzi kwambiri, komanso osalimbana ndi zilonda za mphesa. Kuphatikiza pa Agate, timaphimba zitsamba zina zonse nthawi yozizira. Ndipo mphesa izi zimalekerera bwino nthawi ya Donetsk nyengo yachisanu chifukwa cha kukana kwambiri chisanu. Koma nthawi zina mizu imavutika ndi kuzizira, zipatsozo ndizochepa, mphesa sizimapangidwa bwino ndipo tchire limayenera kuchira kwa nthawi yayitali. Zaka zinayi zapitazo, tidaganiza zodzala zitsamba zingapo zomwe timakonda kwambiri. Mu magazini yamaluwa ndidawerenga momwe Wu.M. Chuguev amalima mphesa pamtunda wokwera. Ndipo adaganiza zoyeseza mphesa zake. Chapakatikati podzalako, tinakumba ngalande yotalika mita 4 ndikuzama kuya kwa 0.3-0.4 m.ndipo zidebe zingapo za mchenga zidathiridwa pansi pa ngalande, kompositi idayikidwa pamwamba mpaka ngalande ndi dothi labwino chonde. Saplings anabzala mu maenje okonzeka (adagulidwa ndi mizu yotsekedwa) ndikutsanulira dothi lamtunda lalitali pafupifupi masentimita 20. Malowo oyimilira omwe adalowetsedwa adalowetsedwa ndi mulus. M'nyengo yotentha, amasamalira tchire, monga mwachizolowezi mphesa zazing'ono. Anasungidwa mosamala nthawi yozizira, ndipo "alendo athu" atsopano anali abwino kwambiri. Mwambiri, zaka zitatu zoyambirira mutabzala, tinakulitsa mphesa zazing'ono molingana ndi dongosolo lakale, ndikumwetsa, kulima, kuchotsa namsongole ndi pogona nthawi yozizira. Ndipo mchaka chachitatu adatithokoza ndi masango abwino. Kugwa komaliza, tidasiya Agate pabedi lalitali popanda pogona. Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi chaka chino, tinapita patsamba lathu kukaona ziweto zathu. Poyerekeza ndi dera la mpesa, mphesa zinafalikira bwino kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yozizira ya 2017 idayamba mochedwa, kumapeto kwa Disembala chipale choyamba chokha chidagwa. Ndipo mu Januware-February panali ma thaw angapo, otsatirana ndi kuzizira komanso kupangika kwa matalala a ayezi pansi. Chifukwa chake titha kunena kuti kuyesakukuko kunali kopambana ndipo njira yodulira mphesa pabedi lalitali pamikhalidwe yathu yatsimikiza.

Ndemanga

Ma bus awiri a Bako akhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, palibe amene akumusunga, palibe amene akumusamalira, ndipo wakula zokha ndipo amabala zipatso chaka chilichonse. Ndi mbalame zokha sizimamupatsa mtendere, koma sizingadye zinthu zoyipa.

Vladimir, mzinda wa Poltava

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Ndikukhulupirira kuti White Hybrid, Lyubava, Victoria, Moscow White, Agat Donskoy azitha nyengo yachisanu popanda kutaya chilichonse. Kesha ndi Rusball nutmeg wozizira kwambiri, nthawi iliyonse, amakolola bwino. Zokoma zimayipa. Mphatso Zaporozhye amawoneka bwino kwambiri. Izi ndi zotsatira za kuwunika kwazaka zambiri, kunali kozizira kwambiri komanso koipitsitsa kuposa komwe kukubwera.

Vladimir Timok1970, dera la Ivano-Frankivsk

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Ndikupangira Hybrid White kwa aliyense. Kununkhira kwake ndi muscat wokongola, wokoma kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana sizilimbana ndikusokonekera komanso kuwola. Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu -30. Ndimakula zaka 10 ndipo nthawi zonse zimakhala zotsatira zabwino. Chokhacho chingabweretse zipatso zochepa. Mwa zatsopano, Lyubava ndi Moscow White ndizabwino kwambiri. Onsewa ndawavumbulutsa m'chigawo chamapiri ku Carpathians 400 m pamwamba pamadzi. Ndikuganiza kuti mu Ukraine monse mumatha kukula popanda mavuto.

Vladimir Timok1970 Ivano-Frankivsk dera

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Kusankhidwa kwamitundu yambiri ya mphesa yokhala ndi kukhathamira kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe abwino kumalola amalimi kukula mbewu iyi ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano ngakhale zigawo zomwe zimakhala zovuta nyengo.