Brown matenda a sitiroberi ndi matenda omwe samachokera ku tizirombo, koma ndi matenda a fungal. Awonetsedwa mwa mawonekedwe a mdima pa maluwa, petioles, masharubu ndi mwachindunji zipatso. Koma otengeka kwambiri akadali wobiriwira ndi masamba. Atawona zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa, wolima ayenera kuthandizira mwamsanga kuti athe kusunga mabulosi okoma kwambiri.
Brown Spot: kufotokozera mwachidule za matendawa
Causative wothandizira matendawa ndi bowa Marssonina petontillae. Brown spotting amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa matenda akulu a strawberries ndipo nthawi zambiri amadziwonetsera pa nthawi ya fruiting. Ndi pamene m'nyengo ya chilimwe ikhoza kuzindikira bulauni zakuda m'munda wake.
Mukudziwa? Strawberry ndi mabulosi okhawo padziko lapansi, omwe mbewu zake zili kunja, osati mkati.
Kuyambira mwezi wa August kufikira mwezi wa Oktoba, ntchito ya matendawa ili pachimake. Ndizo akhoza kuthana ndi 60% ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera, ndipo masamba ambiri amafa. Chotsatira chake, chomeracho chimataya mphamvu yodyetsa mpweya, mapangidwe a photosynthesis akuphwanyika.
Kutentha kwapamwamba kumayambitsa matenda a fungal. Kubalanso malo ofiira kungayambire kutentha kulikonse pamwamba pa zero. Ndi mazira ozizira kwambiri, bowa samwalira, koma amakhala mopumula. Pankhaniyi, mu nyengo yotsatira, zokolola zikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.
Tawonani mitundu yambiri ya strawberries: "Queen Elizabeth", "Maxim", "Gigantella", "Marshal", "Ambuye", "Asia", "Elsanta", "Russian Size", "Masha", "Malvina", " Phwando "," Zenga Zengana "," Queen "," Chamora "Turusi." Mitundu ya Remontant ndi yotchuka kwambiri: "Fresco", "Elizabeth 2" ndi "Albion".
Zizindikiro zoyamba
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda - kukhalapo kwa mawanga pa pamwamba pa sitiroberi masamba. Mawanga a mdima wofiira omwe angasinthe mthunzi mwake, kukhala ofiira kapena ofiira.
Izi zingakhale zovuta kwa olima oyambirira, chifukwa matenda ena ofanana a mabulosi ofiirawo ali ndi zizindikiro zomwezo. Choncho, muyenera kumvetsetsa kupezeka kwa madontho oyera pakati pa mdima. Ndi malo ofiira, palibe mfundo zoterezi. Ngati mawanga akuyamba kukula, kukula kwake kudzakhala kuyanika kwa masamba komanso kufa.
Mukudziwa? Monga gawo la zipatso za sitiroberi muli mavitamini onse kuchokera mu gulu B, choncho mabulosiwa amawoneka kuti ndi achilengedwe olekerera. Kudya magalamu 150 a zokoma zokoma tsiku ndi tsiku, mukhoza kuiwala za mavuto ndi kulimbikitsa dongosolo lanu lamatenda.
Osati masamba ofiira okha omwe anganene za matenda a strawberries, komanso pang'onopang'ono kufalitsa mabala pa ziwalo zonse ndi matenda a kuthengo: zimayambira, zipatso, zimayambira, sepals. Kulowera kapena kuimitsa kukula, kuyanika kwa mapesi, zipatso zazing'ono-zakuda - zonsezi ndizisonyezero za kukula kwa bulauni.
Pali mavuto omwe angabwere mwa wamaluwa omwe, chifukwa cha chifukwa china, sankakhoza kuyang'ana strawberries pachigawo choyamba cha matendawa.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti panthawi ina pamakhala kuwonekera kwa "kuchira" kwa tchire: masamba akale, matenda amayamba kukula, ndipo kuti miyeso siyomwe iwo ayenera kukhalira, amadziwika ngati kusowa kofunikira kwa zakudya.
Ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, mapepala a fungal amatayika. Zikatero, muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti patapita kanthawi malo ofiira angayambe kupita patsogolo ndi mphamvu yatsopano pa achinyamata, akuwombera.
Froberries amatha kukula m'njira zosiyanasiyana: kutchire, kutentha, pa mabedi (ampel mitundu adzakwanira), mabedi a piramidi, kunyumba, pogwiritsa ntchito hydroponics.
Zimayambitsa
Zifukwa za kupangidwe kwa bowa zikhoza kukhala ndi zifukwa zingapo. Mmodzi wa iwo ali dampness. Chowonadi ndi chakuti fungal spores imakula bwino ndikukula bwino mu malo ozizira, m'madzi. Tizilombo ndi tizirombo zomwe zimapezeka pa webusaitiyi zimatha kunyamula spores. Zina zimayambitsa zowonongeka ndi zomera.
Mmene mungatetezere strawberries ku "bulauni matenda"
Mwamsanga pamene zizindikiro zoyambirira za sitiroberi zikuwonekera mu strawberries, m'pofunika kuti mwamsanga muzichiza mbewu.
Kuwaza
Gawo loyamba ndilo kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa onse odwala matenda. Musamawamvere chisoni, chifukwa ngati ali ndi matenda amodzi, bowa lidzafalikira pamalo onsewa kupita ku tchire zonse zathanzi. Pambuyo pazimenezi, muyenera kuyeretsa kuyamwa kwa mabedi ndikudyetsa strawberries monga phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza. Manyowa a nayitrojeni mu nkhaniyi ayenera kupeĊµa, chifukwa amatha kuwonjezera ma foliar. Muyeneranso kuyesa kuthetsa chinyezi m'munda.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kuti muzitha kuyendetsa sitiroberi m'madera atsopano kuti muchepetse chiwonongeko. Ngati pali gawo lochepa, mbeuyo iyenera kubzalidwa, kugawidwa kuti ikhale m'madera, yomwe imayenera kumasulidwa chaka chilichonse kuti nthaka ipume.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Ponena za chithandizo cha strawberries ndi mankhwala, mkuwa oxychloride ndi Bordeaux osakaniza (1%) akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuchiza mbewu ndi njira izi ziyenera kukhala pa siteji ya kukula kwa masamba, isanafike maluwa a zipatsozo komanso zipatso zitatha.
Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti tchire la zipatso zofiira sizinakula kwambiri, chifukwa Kuphulika kumalimbikitsa kufalikira kwa bowa. Muyeneranso nthawi yochotsa udzu m'deralo.
Ngati kugonjetsedwa sikokha, koma chachikulu, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides, monga "Oksihom", "Skor" kapena "Ridomil Gold."
Ndikofunikira! Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mukusowa kokha pamwamba pa masamba, komanso pansi.
Kupewa Matenda
Monga mukudziwa, matendawa ndi ovuta kupewa kuposa kuchiza. Choncho, kulima strawberries malo ofunika kwambiri Kupewa matenda:
- Pofuna kupewa kupezeka kwa bulauni, muyenera kutsuka mabedi pamasamba owuma ndi namsongole, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
- Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mukukumbukira za kusintha kwa sitiroberi, chifukwa bowa amatha kukhala m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali ndikupatsira zomera zatsopano zomwe zidzabzalidwe kumeneko.
- Zomera zimakhala zathanzi komanso zapamwamba, mosasamala kanthu kuti zakula pokha kapena zidagulidwa m'sitolo.
- Masiku ano pamsika pali mitundu yambiri ya strawberries yomwe imatsutsidwa ndi bulauni malo. Ndibwino kuti musankhe kuti mubzala.
- Pambuyo kukolola, m'pofunikira kuchepetsa chomera, kuchotsani masamba owonjezera ndi ndevu.
Pofuna kuteteza misa kutuluka namsongole, strawberries obzalidwa pansi pa chophimba zakuthupi kapena mulched.
Mukudziwa? Strawberries amamva okoma, koma pali shuga pang'ono mmenemo kusiyana ndi mandimu. Pankhaniyi, amasangalala kugwiritsa ntchito kulakalaka atsikana ochepa thupi komanso anthu omwe amadwala matenda a shuga.
Zolakwa za mlimi ndikumenyana ndi malo ofiira
Ambiri kulakwa pamene kukula strawberries ndipo kumenyana ndi malo a bulauni kungakhale ngati zotsatirazi:
- Malo olakwika pofika. Izi zimaphatikizapo mabedi kumene kuli bwino msinkhu wambiri, kumene madzi amatha kubzala pambuyo mvula.
- Namsongole Ngati simukutsatira ukhondo m'munda, musawononge zinyalala ndi namsongole, chifukwa choti matendawa amatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri.
- Kukula pamalo amodzi. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mwayi woti asinthe malo a sitiroberi akuphuka nthawi ndi nthawi kuti athetse matendawa ndikupatsanso mwayi wodzisankhira zochokera ku nthaka.
- Kupanda kuteteza. Ngati mutachita zinthu zowononga moyenera, simuyenera kulimbana ndi matendawa.
Kulimbana ndi bulauni malo a strawberries akhoza kukhala. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuwunika nthawi zonse mkhalidwe wa chomera ichi kuti mutha kutenga zofunikira pa nthawi.
