Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ku Far East, ngati amadziwa zomwe mphesa ziri, amakakamizika kukhutira ndi zomwe amachokera ku Black Sea dera. Eya, kapena mitundu yosagonjetsedwa ku North yomwe siidzadabwitse aliyense. Ngati mukuganiza choncho, simukudziwa kanthu za mphesa za Tien Shan.
M'madera a mphesa tazolowereka - Crimea, Moldova, Ukraine - ichi ndi chozizwitsa cha chilengedwe kumene simungapeze chilichonse. Ndipo ndani wa mitunduyo, ndiwuzeni ine, kodi pali zipatso zokongola kwambiri, zolemera pafupi masentimita makumi asanu? Inde, inde, iyi si typo, yomwe ndi makumi asanu. Kodi a Japan adatha bwanji kukwaniritsa izi?
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Iyi ndiyo mtundu wambiri wosakanizidwa wosakanizidwa wa mphesa zoyera ndi nthawi yoyamba yakucha. Zokolola zafika poyambira kumayambiriro kwa autumn - ku China ndi Japan, koma kumwera kwa dziko lakale la USSR - osati kale kuposa m'ma September.
Pakali pano, mayesero oti tipulumuke muzochitika zathu akuchitika, choncho palibe zambiri zomwe zimadziwika ponena za iye.
Mwachiwonekere, chidziwitso chapadera chikufunikira, zomwe akatswiri akufuna kutsimikizira - popanda iwo, gawo la Russia la Tien Shan silingakonde kuti nthawi zonse samafuna kuyamba, osati ngati kuyesa pa zokolola.
Zikudziwika kuti zipatso zimakondweretsa kulekerera yosungirako ndi kuyenda. Zoumba zoumbazi ndizobwino makamaka mu maonekedwe ake - zipatso zazikulu zimadzaza ndi zokoma ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimatsitsimula zokhala ndi mandimu ndi uchi.
Pakati pa anthu a ku Sushm omwe akukhala m'dziko la Russia wina ayenera kumvetsera kwa zaka za Kishmishi, Attica ndi Arsenyevsky.
Mbewu za Tien Shan: kufotokoza
Chitsamba cholimba. Masangowa ndi aakulu kwambiri, pafupifupi 1.2 - 1.5 makilogalamu, akhoza kufika 2 kapena 3 kilo polemera. Osati nandolo "Kubalalitsa" kotereku kumalongosola mophweka: a ku Japan amagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa zokopa, zomwe gibberellin zimaonekera.
Kuwonjezera apo, agronomists agwiritsa ntchito njirazi: kupukuta zipatso, "mpumulo" wamphamvu wa tchire, pamene sayansi yaulimi imakhalabe bwino.
Choyambirira, Chimwemwe ndi Bazhena chingadzitamande ndi masango akulu ofanana.
Mavitaminiwa ndi ovunda, 16-20 g pafupipafupi (ku Russia ndi Ukraine; ku Japan amatha kufika 45), khungu ndi lochepa thupi, lolimba, losavuta kudya, kwenikweni limasungunuka pakamwa.
Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, minofu, ndi kukoma kolimbikitsa, kopanda mbewu. Tsamba ndi lalikulu, lobiriwira, lakuda, sing'anga. Tsinde ndi lalitali, lamphamvu, lobiriwira. Hermaphrodite maluwa. Mphungu yotukuta ya mtundu wofiira wofiira wofiira.
Maluwa a Hermaphroditic ndi osiyana ndi Montepulciano, Julian ndi Memory of Dzheneev.
Chithunzi
Mphesa Zithunzi Tien Shan:
Mbiri yobereka
Dziko lakwawo la chimphona chaku Far East ndi China. "Amayi" ndi "Papa" ndi mitundu ya Bejagan ndi Rosalio Bianco. Habitat m'lingaliro la fruiting - China, Japan (chilumba cha Honshu), ku Far East. Ku Japan, anaonekera koyamba mu 2008.
Kum'mwera kwa Russia, ku Crimea ndi ku Ukraine - zida za mphesa - zimayambira bwino, koma pali mavuto ndi zokolola komanso rootstocks ndi pollination.
Panopa, zosiyanasiyana zimayesedwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zikhalidwe za Chirasha ndi Chiyukireniya.
Zizindikiro
Zokolola kum'mwera kwa CIS sizitali, ku Japan ndi ku China - pamwamba pa pafupifupi. Kutentha kwa Frost sikutanthauza kutchula pansipa -23. Kuopa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, mvula, matalala, chisanu cha masika, kumafuna malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyengo yozizira.
Silimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Malingana ndi a ku Japan ndi a ku China omwe amalima mowa, mavuwu samakhudzidwa nkomwe, koma mavufe athu amangowoneka kuti sakudziwa za izi - alimi amati sangathe kuchita popanda chitetezo ndi matumba, adzanena zonse. Tifunika kuteteza komanso kuchotsa masamba. Shuga wokhutira Tien Shan - 19-20% Brix.
Ngati mukuyang'ana mitundu yodzichepetsa, muyenera kumvetsera kwa Giovanni, Aleshenkin Dar ndi Kusangalala Kwambiri.
Alimi a mzinda wa Japan wa Niigata amanena kuti atayesa Tien Shan, simungakhoze kupita popanda izo. Iwo anali akupha mwachilungamo, osati mwa anthu okha. Aliyense mwa alimi a zipatso awa omwe adayamba kulawa izi zosiyanasiyana sangawakane mwanjira iliyonse.
Tizilombo
- Misozi. Pofuna kuteteza mphesa kuchokera kwa iwo, muyenera kunyamula masangowo mumatumba apadera.
Amagwiranso ntchito yotetezera: zipatso sizidzatentha ndi dzuwa komanso nthawi yomweyo, zimalandira mpweya wabwino ndi dzuwa. Kuonjezerapo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana malowa ndi zisa zonse zomwe zipezeka zikuyenera kuwonongedwa.
Zilonda zam'mimba zimakonda kukhazikika muzitsulo zamkati, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi tchire - ziyenera kukonzedwa. Misampha yokhotakhota imagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
- Mbalame
Munda wamphesawo uli ndi mpanda wolimba, womwe umalola kuti nkhonya zam'mimba zifike ku zipatsozo ndipo zimawaletsa kuti asatengeke.
- Chida cha pepala chimagwedezeka, ndizobwezera. Kupopera mbewu kumachitika kawiri kawiri m'chilimwe cha agulugufe.
Mankhwalawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito: Kuwunika, Tsimbush, Ekamet, Tsidial, Sevin, Paration, Fozalon. Misampha yowala sakupatsani zotsatira zoyenera.
- Matimvera. Kumubweretsa pafupi kwambiri kuposa phylloxera.
Mwamwayi, amadziwa bwino kubisala - nyengo ya mphesa m'mphesa ndikudya. Kupopera mankhwala ndi tizirombo ndi acaricides kumagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi mdani uyu: Omait, Talstar, Aktellik, Neoron;
- Phylloxera. Polimbana ndi ilo, palibe mankhwala ena omwe amakhala ndi zotsatira, monga carbon disulfide yotentha kwambiri.
Vuto ndiloti kuti chitsamba chomwecho chiwonongeke, koma mwinamwake tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizingatheke ndipo padzakhala kale funso lokhudza chitetezo cha munda wonse wamphesa. Choncho sprayed ndi carbon disulfide mu ndende 300-400 masentimita masentimita pa lalikulu mita.
Kusitu- mwayi. Komabe, akulangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mlingo wa "cubes" 80 - alimi amanena kuti mlingo uwu ndi wokwanira kuti nsabwe za m'masamba zikhale nthawi yaitali, ndipo chitsamba chili ndi mwayi wonse wopulumuka.
Matenda
- Mame a Mealy.
Ndi mildew ndi oidium, chitsamba chonse chimakhudzidwa, zipatsozo zimasinthidwa - sizikhoza kudyedwa kapena madzi amachotsedwa. Njira yabwino yothetsera mavuto ndi kupopera, kuchotsa masitepe, kutsuka malo ozungulira masango.
Musalowerere mu feteleza ndi zokhudzana ndi nayitrogeni. Kupopera mbewu za fungicides kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Awa ndiwo Ridomil, Sandofan, Ditan M-45;
- Grey kuvunda.
Kupopera mbewu monga iodide ya potaziyamu kumagwira ntchito motsutsa - koma ndi zilonda zazing'ono. Ngati chitsamba chikukhudzidwa kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala - Topaz, Immunocetophyte, Readzol.
- Khansa ya bakiteriya.
Apa, njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera nkhondo, monga khansara iliyonse, ndikuteteza. Asanagule iwe amafunika kuyang'anitsitsa bwinobwino cuttings. Mbande sizifunikiranso kuti zisokoneze kapena kuvulaza, chifukwa upcology ikhoza kuyamba kuchokera pachiyambi. Odwala chitsamba kudikirira yekha raskorchevka ndi kuwotcha.
Musaiwale za wamba mphesa matenda monga anthracnose, chlorosis, bacteriosis ndi rubella. M'kupita kwa nthawi, njira zothandizira zidzakuthandizani kuti mufike.
Tien Shan ndi wachilendo, mzinthu zambiri za anzathu omwe sanaphunzirepo. Mwachiwonekere, anthu odziwa bwino vinyo okhaokha omwe ali ndi luso komanso odziwa bwino angathe kulipira pa chiwembuchi - Tien-Shan adzakhala chitsimikizo chabwino pa luso lawo.
Koma mphotho ya kuyesayesa konse idzakhala yayikulu - ndi mitundu yanji yomwe mungapeze zipatso zoterezi ndi kukoma kwa zipatso zokometsetsa zipatso, ndipo chofunika kwambiri - popanda chizindikiro chochepa cha mbewu?
Mitundu ngati Ruta, Chokoleti ndi Romeo imasiyananso ndi kukoma kwawo kwakukulu.
Kuzindikira oyandikana nawo ndi makasitomala akutsimikiziridwa - sakuwona chipatso chachikulu chomwe chikukula chomwe simukuchiwona mumitundu yosiyanasiyana.
