Chimodzi mwa zomera zotchuka kwambiri masiku ano ndi "mfumukazi yamaluwa" - duwa. Zomwe akatswiri apeza m'mabwinja amasonyeza kuti ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma BC. er chithunzi chake chinayamba kuyika zinthu zapanyumba, luso. Kwa zaka zambiri za kuswana, kusakanizidwa, kuwoloka ndi kusankhidwa kwa chirengedwe, magulu ambiri ndi mitundu ya maluwa apangidwa, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa molingana ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba, anthu anayamba kukula maluwa mumzinda wakale wa Roma, m'mabuku a nthawi imeneyo muli zofotokozera za mitundu khumi. Ufumu utatha, kuphuka kwabwinja kunasandulika kukhala nyumba za amonke.
Mavuto osiyanitsa maluwa, mbiri yakale
Lero pali mitundu pafupifupi 30,000, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzigawa, chifukwa ndizofunikira kulingalira chiyambi, maonekedwe, maluwa, ndi mtundu wa chisamaliro. Chifukwa chaichi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa inayambira, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa chimodzi mwa makhalidwe. Ngati tilingalira ambiri a iwo, dongosolo lachikhalidwe likukhala losokoneza komanso lovuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuonjezerapo, pali mitundu yatsopano yomwe silingagwirizane ndi ndondomeko zomwe zilipo, ndikubwera ndi magulu atsopano.
Mpaka mu 1966, mtundu wa zomera zotere unasinthidwanso. Pakalipano, ku XIV Congress ya International Society of Gardeners (akatswiri), sizinasankhidwe kupanga kapangidwe kamodzi kamakono. Kale mu 1971, pulojekiti inakhazikitsidwa osati momwe zinayambira zokhazokha, komanso zida zokongoletsera komanso zachilengedwe zinaganiziridwa. Mndandanda watsopano unavomerezedwa ndi anthu mu 1976. Nthawi zina kusintha ndi zoonjezera zimapangidwa, koma palibe kusintha kwakukulu. Chigawo ichi chinadziwika movomerezeka m'mayiko ambiri ndipo chimagawaniza mitundu yonse zakutchire, zakale munda ndi zamaluwa zamaluwa zamakono.
Ndikofunikira! Chitsimikizo chokwanira komanso chokwanira kwambiri cha makalasi, mitundu ndi mitundu ya maluwa imatengedwa kuti ndi nthawi ya padziko lonse "Modern Roses", yomwe nthawi zonse imasinthidwa ndi mitundu yatsopano.
Maluwa achilengedwe
Maluwa achilengedwe, otchedwanso mitundu ya maluwa, ndiwo makolo a maluwa onse omwe alipo - awa ndi maluwa omwe amakula m'chilengedwe. Mukhoza kukhala ndi minga yaing'ono ndi yaikulu ndi fungo lokoma. Chimake kamodzi pa chaka, kawirikawiri mu June. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda monga zowomba, chifukwa sizowonongeka ndi chisanu ndipo sizomwe zimakhala zochepa kwa munda m'madera ena. Kugawidwa kukhala kukwera komanso osakhalitsa. Komanso, malinga ndi chikhalidwe, pali kusiyana pakati pa mitundu, kenako, mitundu, ndipo, potsirizira pake, mitundu. Kukwera maluwa kumakhala kofiira, kobiriwira ndi kambewu kawirikawiri.
Taonani mitundu ina ya maluwa mwatsatanetsatane.
- Rosa imatuluka. Ifikira kuchokera ku 1.5 mpaka 2 mamita mu msinkhu. Minga ya makulidwe osiyanasiyana amakwirira kwambiri zimayambira. Maluwa okha, oyera, nthawi zina ali ndi mthunzi wa pinki kapena wachikasu. Zipatso ndizozungulira, zakuda.
- Agalu ananyamuka (wamba). Amakula mpaka mamita atatu. Minga ndi yaikulu, yaying'ono. Zimayambira yokhotakhota kawirikawiri. Maluwa a mithunzi yofiira ndi yofiira. Zipatso zili zofiira, zozungulira.
- Rosa Maksimovic. Yakhala ndi mphukira yaitali, mzere wokhotakhota. White maluwa ndi fungo lamphamvu. Zipatso ndizodzaza ndi zofiira.
- Kuwongolera kosauka Chitsambachi chikhoza kufika mamita awiri. Ili ndi nthambi zobiriwira. Minga imakula kwambiri, yosiyanasiyana. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amafiira, nthawi zina amakhala oyera. Zipatso zili zofiira kwambiri.
Maluwa achikale akale - mafashoni amabwera
Maluwa achikale akale amatchedwanso maluwa okongola.
Ndikofunikira! Izi zimaphatikizapo maluwa omwe adalimidwa kufikira 1867 (mpaka woyamba hybrid tea rose).Iwo ali ndi chiyambi chophatikizika chophatikiza kuposa maluwa akumwamba, ndipo mawonekedwe a zinyama zakutchire amatayika. Lero, mafashoni a roses akale akusowa. Tsopano kawirikawiri m'mabukuwa, kuphatikizapo zina zambiri zokhudza kalasi, amasonyezanso chaka cha chilengedwe chake chokwera mtengo. Zosokonekera za maluwa akale a maluwa ndizokwanira, zosauka kapena zosakwanira kukaniza kwa chisanu, zowoneka ndi bowa. Koma ndi zokongola kwambiri panthawi ya maluwa. Iwo ali ndi mapepala ambiri a pastel shades, nthawi zambiri pinki. Izi zikuphatikizapo magulu otsatirawa a maluwa.
- Alba Wodziŵika kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 14, unakhala wotchuka kwambiri kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18. Ulunjika molunjika, kufika mpaka mamita awiri mu msinkhu. Masamba ndi ofewa, imvi. Maluwawo ndi oyera kapena ndi mthunzi wa pinki mpaka masentimita 8. Amakula mu masamba a 3-5. Blossom kamodzi.
- Maluwa a Ayrshire. Anayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Izi zikukwera zomera ndi mphukira yaitali komanso zamphamvu. Maluwa ndi oyera kapena pinki, ang'onoang'ono (kuyambira 2.5 cm mpaka 5 cm). Khalani nokha kapena inflorescences (kupitirira 6 zidutswa). Maluwa osakwatira.
- Bourbon. Kuchokera ku chilumba cha Bourbon. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 500. Zomera zimapangidwira kwambiri ndi mphukira yolunjika kapena yothamanga. Maluwawo ali ndi pinki yosiyana, kawirikawiri yalanje, yoyera kapena yofiira. Pemphani patapita nthawi, m'dzinja.
- Bursolt Maluwa a Roses anafalikira mu 1820, mitundu yambiri yomwe inalengedwa ndi Mfalansa Henry Bursolt. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 50 ya kalasi. Zitsamba zimachokera ku 2 mpaka 5 mamita mu msinkhu. Nthambi zimasinthasintha ndi zochepa zapikisi. Maluwa amakula mumdima wofiira, pinki kapena lilac. Blossom kamodzi.
- Centrifuge. Maluwa ndi afupipafupi, koma amathamanga. Nthambizi ndizitsulo zozungulira ndi zitsulo zosiyana siyana. Siyani mthunzi wobiriwira wobiriwira. Maluwawo ndi aakulu, oyera, ofiira, koma kawirikawiri pinki. Maluwa osakwatira. Zosavuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito malo.
- Mizati ya Damasiko. Maluwa okongola, omwe amatchulidwa m'zaka za zana la khumi BC. er Kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 2 mamita mu msinkhu. Kufalitsa chitsamba, mphukira zamphamvu. Masamba ali ndi timiso ta imvi. Maluwa ochokera ku zoyera kupita ku ofiira ndi pinki ya mthunzi, lalikulu, lalikulu (zomwe zimakhalapo kwa kalasiyi). Zipatsozo ndizitali, zochepa. Ambiri omwe amaimilira amamera kamodzi.
- Konzani Hybrids. Zidalengedwa mu 1820. Panthawi imeneyo anali ofunika chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa maluwa. Maluwa okongola kwambiri ankadziwika kukhala oyera, mwachitsanzo, Mfumukazi ya Snow. Palinso mitundu mitundu iwiri ndi mitundu ndi malire.
- Maluwa a Mossy. Anapezeka m'zaka za zana la 17 ku France. Choyamba chodabwitsa chodabwitsa chinaonekera mu 1844. Iyi ndi shrub yobiriwira. Zili ndi kukula kosaoneka mofanana ndi mos. Maluwa ndi maluwa ofiira, oyera, pinki, ofiira.
- Chiwombankhanga chatsopano. Anayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Mpaka mamita imodzi ndi theka mu msinkhu. Dzuŵa lophwanyika ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono kapena apakatikati, kukula kwa inflorescences, ndi masamba owala kwambiri. Maluwa ndi yopitirira, pafupifupi nyengo yonse.
- Portland adawuka Analembedwa kumapeto kwa zaka za XVIII, adatchedwa dzina la ulemu wa Countess de Portland. Low bush Maluwa akutali, ochuluka. Maluwawo ndi ofiira kapena obiriwira, osakhala oyera.
- Maluwa a tiyi. Kumera zomera ndi mphukira mu mamita 10 ndi maluwa amodzi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana (yoyera, yachikasu, pinki, lalanje, yofiira) kuyambira 5 mpaka 7 cm mwake. Mukhale ndi zonunkhira za tiyi.
Maluwa amakono a m'munda
Izi zikuphatikizapo magulu onse omwe adalengedwa pambuyo pa 1867. Mitundu yatsopano imakhala yotchuka kwambiri ndipo imatha kuchepetsa onse omwe amatsogolera. Taonani zambiri.
- Tiyi yowonongeka. Iwo ali ndi tchire molunjika kuchokera pa masentimita 80 kufika 1.5 mamita mu msinkhu. Masamba ndi obiriwira. Maluwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amakhala okhaokha, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakula mu inflorescences. Nthawi yamaluwa kuyambira June kufika pa chisanu. Gwirizanitsani makhalidwe abwino a kubwezeretsanso maluwa ndi tiyi.
- Maluwa a Floribunda ali ndi mtundu wosiyana, kukula kwake kwa maluwa kumadutsa 6 mpaka 10 masentimita, ndipo kutalika kwa chitsamba - kuyambira 30 cm kufika 1 mita, pali mtundu wokwera wa zomera (mwachitsanzo, zosiyanasiyana Lily Marlene). Kuwonekera mu 1924. Anayambira koyamba pazithunzi. Ndipo ngakhale kuti maluwawo ndi ofooka kwambiri kuposa a hybrid tea mitundu, maluwa ndi wochuluka komanso motalika.
- Polyanthic Roses, yomwe inayamba mu 1873. Iwo amadzimangirira, odzichepetsa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono (3-4 masentimita awiri), kuphatikizapo inflorescences wa 20-30 zidutswa. Maluwa ali pafupibe. Kulimbana ndi matenda a fungal ndi ozizira.
- Kukukwera. Maluwa okhala ndi chikwapu, mafunde aakulu. Pali magulu atatu: Reambler, kukwera lalikulu-flowered ndi Cordes hybrids.
- Maluwa ochepa. Mu 1810 iwo anabweretsedwa kuchokera ku China. Amatha kumera pansi (maluwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa kasupe mpaka chisanu), komanso kunyumba (maluwa pafupifupi chaka chonse). Kutalika kwa 20-45 masentimita. Maluwa ochokera 2 cm mpaka 5 masentimita, kukula maluwa ndi maluwa a mitundu yonse. Maluwa ambiri.
- Grandiflora. Ophunzirawo anawonekera mu 1954. Izi zinakwera chifukwa cha hybrid hybrid tea ndi floribunda. Zingakhale ndi maluwa awiri okha, ndipo zimasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescences ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi mamita 1-1.7.
- Roses Schrub. Izi zinaphatikizapo mitundu yonse yomwe sichikumana ndi zikhalidwe za magulu ena.
Mukudziwa?Zina zonse zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana pakati pa 5 ndi 128. Ikhoza kukula zonse singly ndi inflorescence wa 3-200 maluwa. Maluwa a maluwawo amakhala pakati pa 1.8 cm ndi 18 cm.
Ngati mukudabwa kuti ndi chiyani chomwe mungasankhe, choyamba muyenera kusankha chomwe mukufuna. Pambuyo pake, pali duwa ndi paki, ndi kukwera, ndi floribunda, ndi ena ambiri. Onse ali ndi makhalidwe osiyana ndi zofunikira. Kusankha kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti muthe kupeza chomwe chingakwaniritse zopempha zanu zonse. Tili otsimikiza kuti ngakhale mutasankha mitundu yanji, sikudzakhumudwitsa inu, chifukwa duwa ndi mfumukazi ya maluwa.
