Actinidiaidi chomera chimodzi ndi chimodzi. Imakwanitsa kuphatikiza bwino komanso kupatsa chidwi kunja ndi zipatso zokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi. Liana lino silichikhalidwe chofala kwambiri pamasamba a olimi a ku Russia, koma chimalimba mtima podziwika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osazolowereka, kunyalanyaza kwawo pochoka komanso kuthekera kuzolowera nyengo zosakhazikika nthawi zonse, kosiyana kwambiri ndi komwe kudaliko kale.
Kodi actinidia ndi chiyani
Actinidia ndi liana wachilendo kwambiri, amatha kukhala wokongoletsa weniweni wa chiwembu. Amadziwikanso kwa wamaluwa omwe ali pansi pa dzina loti "mphesa zakumpoto", "kiwi", "Amur jamu", "mphesa zakatali ku Far." Chomera ichi sichodabwitsa komanso chokongoletsa, komanso chothandiza kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amabweretsa zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, macro- ndi ma microelements ofunikira ku thupi.
Actinidia m'munda amawoneka bwino
M'munda, actinidia amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Wopanga uyu ali ndi mtengo wamphamvu ngati mtengo, mphukira imakhala ndi masamba akulu okongola mawonekedwe. Zisumbu ndi ma verandas opotozedwa ndi iye amawoneka bwino kwambiri. Ndipo mutha kubisa mawonekedwe ena osayipa kapena kupanga linga. Actinidia amakopa chidwi ngakhale nthawi yozizira - mphukira zake zolimbirana ndizofanana ndi ntchito yajambulidwa waluso.
Kanema: Mtundu wa Actinidia ndi wotani
Kugawa
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu yambiri ya Actinidia. Kwawo kwa ambiri aiwo ndi ma subtropics aku Asia. Koma palinso actinidia colomictus, omwe amakhala ponseponse kumpoto kwa China. Imakhala ndi moyo osangokhala ku Europe kokha ku Russia, komanso zigawo zomwe zimakhala zotentha, zomwe zimayikidwa ngati "malo olima pachiwopsezo" - ku Siberia, Far East, ndi Urals. Liana amalimbana ndi chisanu, kutentha mpaka -45ºº sikumupweteka. Choopsa chachikulu ndicho kubwereranso kwam'mphepete mwa mvula, komwe m'zigawo sizinthu zachilendo. Kutentha kukatsikira ku 2ºº, masamba adzavutika, koma adzuka msanga, at -4ºº ndipo iwo ndi maluwa adzasanduka akuda ndi kugwa, -8ºº - kofunikira kwambiri komwe mphukira sizingakhale moyo.
Mtengowu wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala mosiyanasiyana. Ziwalo zake zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - masamba, mizu, makungwa, maluwa. Zakudya zophika ndi kulowetsedwa zimagwira ntchito yothandiza kupewa matenda a atherosulinosis, kuthandizira kulimbana ndi matenda ena a mtima, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukugaya komanso kupuma. Ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pochizira kuchepa kwa vitamini.
Mwambiri, actinidia ndi imodzi mwazomera zakale zomwe zilipobe mpaka pano. Botanists akuti liana ili lidalipo pa dziko lapansi nthawi yomweyo ngati dinosaurs, koma, mosiyana ndi iwo, adatha kupulumuka nthawi ya ayezi. Chifukwa chake, ali ndi kuthekera kuzolowera zovuta kwambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi kufotokoza kwake
Actinidia ali m'gulu la zomera zamitundu mitundu. Ngati mumabzala osati zokongoletsera zokha, komanso kudalira zipatso, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi chitsamba "champhongo" chomwe chizigwira ntchito ngati pollinator. Oberetsa adabzala mitundu ingapo yatsopano yomwe ikugulitsidwa ngati yodzala, koma zochitikazi zikuwonetsa kuti sizingatchulidwe zodzaza choncho. Siyanitsani mbewu "zazimuna" kuchokera ku mbewu "zachikazi" ndi maluwa. M'mbuyomu, ali ndi zikondwerero zambiri, koma alibe mawonekedwe.
Maluwa pa "wamwamuna" actinidia tchire lopanda ma pestle
Kwa nthawi yozizira, liana limatsitsa masamba ake. Koma zisanachitike, amapeza mthunzi wowala - chikasu chowoneka ngati dzuwa, kapezi, kofiyira-magazi. Maonekedwe a tsamba limafanana ndi mtima pang'ono. Mitundu yambiri, imakhala yobiriwira, koma mitundu yokhala ndi pepala lojambulidwa zoyera, zofiirira kapena zonona zimapezekanso.
Masamba owala achikuda ambiri amangowonjezera zokongoletsera za Actinidia
Nthawi yamaluwa ndiyifupi (masabata 2-2.5), koma ndichulukirachulukira. Maluwa oyera kapena oyera a pastel ndi ochepa, koma masamba otseguka amafalitsa fungo labwino, lofanana ndi fungo la maluwa a malalanje kapena kakombo wa chigwa.
Kufalikira kwa Actinidia kufalitsa fungo lodabwitsa
Zipatso za Actinidia zimawoneka ngati zipatso zazikulu kwambiri za zipatso kapena zipatso zazing'ono za kiwi. Kukoma kwawo ndikosangalatsa, kokoma komanso wowawasa, kotsitsimula. Ku zamkati mumakhala vitamini C yambiri kuposa mandimu ndi ma currants akuda. Mlingo wake watsiku ndi tsiku ndi zipatso ziwiri zokha. Ndikwabwino kudya zipatso zatsopano, kotero kuti olima masamba aluso amawalimbikitsa kuti azikangamira pamtengo mpaka chisanu choyamba - pomwe moyo wa alumali uwonjezeke kwambiri.
Zipatso za Actinidia ndizofanana kwambiri ndi kiwi
Makoswe, makamaka mbewa, mphukira za actinidia alibe chidwi. Amatha kumanga chisa pamalo pakati pa mizu. Koma pamphaka, mmera umakhala ndi zakumwa zofananira monga tincture wa valerian. Samadya masamba, koma kuti akafike ku msuzi, amatafuna mayeso a mphukira ndi mizu.
Kanema: actinidia ndi mphaka
Actinidia amadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu komanso kukhwima koyambirira. Pazaka zambiri, mphukira zimakulitsidwa ndi kutalika kwa 1.5-2 mamita. Zipatso zoyambirira zimatha kulawa zaka 3-4 mutabzala mmera pansi. Zokolola zapakatikati ndi 5,5 makilogalamu a zipatso kuchokera pachomera chomera.
Kanema: Makhalidwe a Actinidia
Zosiyanasiyana zoyenera nyengo ya Ural
Kukula ku Urals, Colinict actinidia ndiwofunikira kwambiri. Imakhala ndi kukana chisanu kofunikira, imalekerera bwino kuzizira kulikonse komanso nyengo mwadzidzidzi. Kusankhidwa kwamakono kumapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoberekeredwa ku Russia ndi kunja.
Dr. Shimanovsky
Chimodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakusankhidwa kwa Chipolishi. Kutalika kwapakati kumakhala pafupifupi mamita 2. Amadziwika ndi kukana kuzizira (mpaka -40ºº). Omwe amapanga mitundu yamtunduwu amakhala ngati odziyesa okha, koma machitidwe akuwonetsa kuti izi sizowona konse. Mphukira ndi zonyezimira, zonyezimira. Masamba ndiwosiyanasiyana, obiriwira owala bwino ndi chipale chofewa, kirimu, pinki, malo owoneka bwino. Mukugwa, amasintha mtundu kukhala wachikaso, kapezi, wofiirira. Kukula kwa utoto kumatengera malo obzala mpesa - dzuwa lomwe limawala kwambiri. Variegation imawonekera patatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu kukhala pamalo otseguka.
Maluwa amatha kuyembekezeredwa kuchokera pazomera zaka zoposa zisanu. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, oyera ngati chipale, komanso onyezimira achikasu achikasu, amafalitsa fungo labwino la ndimu. Kutalika kwa maluwa - mpaka milungu itatu. Nthawi yakucha zipatso ndi miyezi 4-4.5. Nthawi zambiri amakolola kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Zipatsozo ndizochepa, zolemera pafupifupi 2.5-3 g ndi kutalika kwa 2-2.5 masentimita. Khungu limakhala lobiriwira pamaladi, mnofu ndi wowonongera, umakoma wabwino, wowawasa-wokoma. Fungo lake limafanana ndi chinanazi kapena apulo. Zipatso zakupsa zimachedwa. Zokolola wamba ndi 12-15 kg pa chomera chilichonse chachikulire.
Actinidia Dr. Shimanovsky - imodzi mwazida zodziwika bwino zakusankhidwa kwina ku Russia
Mfumukazi ya Munda
Kusankhidwa kosiyanasiyana kwa Russia komwe kunaphatikizidwa mu Russian State Register mu 1999. Ndilo gawo la zakudya. Wokwezeka wokongola mpesa, kutalika kwa mphukira komwe kumafikira 7-9 m. Hardness yozizira mkati -35ºС. Zabwino sizambiri kwambiri - 1-2 makilogalamu kuchokera kwa chomera chachikulire. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda komanso tizirombo. Masamba amakhala abwino, amtundu wa laimu. Zipatso zimadziwika ndi zambiri za vitamini C (1700 mg pa 100 g a zipatso). Kukucha masiku oyamba a Ogasiti. Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical kapena mbira woboola pakati, ofikira kulemera kwa 3.5-4,5 g ndi kutalika pafupifupi 3.5 cm. Kumbali yoyang'ana dzuwa, pakhungu lofiirira limatha kuoneka. Kununkhira ndikotsitsimula, kokoma komanso wowawasa, kununkhira kwakukulu, kofanana ndi kununkhira kwa maapulo. Ophunzitsira amawerengera kukoma kwambiri - pa 4.8 mfundo kuchokera zisanu.
Zipatso za Actinidia Mfumukazi ya Munda ndizokoma kwambiri, koma, mwatsoka, ndi ochepa
Waffle
Kukwaniritsidwa kwa obereketsa aku Moscow. Mitundu yakucha kwapakatikati, akatswiri amawonedwa ngati abwino kwambiri. Kupirira kuzizira mpaka -30ºº. Ubwino wosakayikiridwa ndi wabwino kwambiri kukaniza matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, tchuma chambiri (mpaka makilogalamu 7-8 kuchokera kwa mpesa wamkulu) ndi kukula kwakukulu kwamabulosi (oposa 8 g). Chipatsocho chimakhala chosalala ndi lathyathyathya, ngati kuti chidulidwa. Khungu limakhala losalala, lofiirira. Kuchokera patali zitha kuwoneka zodetsedwa. Kukulawa ndi acidity pang'ono, zamkati ndiwofewa kwambiri, fungo la nthochi. Othandizira adavotera 4.75 point out of tano. Kucha zipatso mwachangu zimatha. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuchotsa zipatso zosapsa - zimacha mkati mwa masiku awiri. Kutalika kwa mphukira ndi 6-8 m, makulidwe ake ndi masentimita 3-4.Mizomera yakale, imafikira 8-10 cm. Zokolola zabwino kwambiri zimapezekanso pakulima mipesa mumthunzi wowala. Maluwa amakhala okha, ndipo ndimakhala oyera ngati chipale.
Actinidia Wafelnaya - imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri za obereketsa aku Russia
Anthu
Actinidia wa sing'anga kukula. Mphukira zimamera pang'onopang'ono kuposa mipesa yambiri. Zipatso ndizochepa, zolemera mpaka 4-4,5 g, mu mawonekedwe a ellipse pafupifupi wokhazikika. Kukoma kwake ndi kokoma komanso wowawasa, mnofu umakhala ndi fungo labwino la apulo (kwa ena limawoneka ngati sitiroberi). Khungu laimu. Kulawa mphambu - 4.5 mfundo. Mphukira ndi zokhotakhota, zosalala, zofiirira. Masamba a mbali yakutsogolo ali obiriwira owala bwino, padzuwa amatha kukhala penti yachikasu. Mkati muli pafupi kuyera. Mphepete amasemphana ndimavalo ang'onoang'ono. Sichivutika ndimatenda, koma, poyerekeza ndi ma actinidia ena, amasangalala ndi kuchuluka kwa tizirombo.
Mosiyana ndi ambiri a Actinidia, Kukula kwa anthu sikosiyana
Chiyembekezo
Belorussia zosiyanasiyana kukula sing'anga. Yalimbikitsidwa kuti ikulidwe kumadera onse a Russia. Ubwino wake ndi monga zokolola zabwino (4-5 makilogalamu pa mtengo wa mpesa wamkulu), mkulu (1250 mg pa 100 g) mavitamini C, komanso kuti sizikhala ndi matenda komanso tizirombo. Chododometsa chachikulu ndikumva chilala. Kutalika kwa mphukira ndi 5.5-6 m. Mbewu yoyamba ya liana imabweretsa zaka 4-5 mutabzala mu nthaka. Amasiyana kukula kwakukulu kwa maluwa, mpaka masentimita 2.8-3. Masamba ndiwotukuka kwambiri, mwa mawonekedwe a wedge, ndi nsonga yakuthwa lakuthwa. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mabulosi ndi 3 g kapena pang'ono. Pamwamba, pang'onopang'ono limayamba kugwa. Ngakhale zipatso zokhwima kwathunthu sizimatha kutha. Peel yobiriwira yowala imakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yayitali ya saladi. Zamkati ndi lokoma kwambiri, kuwira sikuwonekera. Kulawa mphambu - 4.5 mfundo.
Chiyembekezo cha Actinidia ndimakonda kwambiri chinyezi
Magpie
Mmodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira, zipatso zimakhwima m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za August. Matenda sakonda. Mphukira zimapindika, pafupifupi mamita 3. Masamba ndi ofewa, amtundu wa azitona amdima wachilendo. Zipatsozo ndi zazitali, zodzaza, pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono pambuyo pake, m'malo mochepera (kulemera - 2.2-2.5 g, kutalika - 2.5-2.8 cm). Khungu limakhala lopyapyala, laimu, losalala, lonyezimira. Katswiriyu ndiwotsekemera kwambiri, wokhala ndi fungo labwino komanso zipatso zambiri (2200 mg pa 100 g) za vitamini C. Kukoma kwapeza kutheka kwambiri kuchokera kwa akatswiri odziwa ntchito - 5 point. Zokolola, mwatsoka, ndizochepa - 1-1,5 kg pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Zipatso za Actinidia Magpie ku Urals zimacha kale kuposa aliyense
Mphesa
Imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazosangalatsa kwambiri pakuswana, koma limodzi ndi kukhazikika nyengo yachisanu komanso kusatetemera bwino kumatenda, palinso vuto lalikulu - zokolola zochepa (zosaposa 1 makilogalamu pachitsamba). Zipatso zimapsa kumayambiriro kwa August. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala m'gulu la zakudya. Zipatso zake ndizazikulu, zolemera 6-7 g ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 2.2-2,5, zazitali kwambiri, zazitali pang'ono. Thupi limakhala acidic pang'ono, lili ndi fungo lotchuka la sitiroberi, lomwe kwa ena limawoneka ngati marmalade. Khungu ndi maolivi akuda mumtundu, wowonda kwambiri, pafupifupi wowonekera. Mikwingwirima yayitali komanso mawonekedwe pang'ono pofikira pamakhala oyenera.
Mphesa actinidia ili ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri, koma sizimasiyana pakupanga
Kwawo
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakucha, zipatso zimacha m'zaka khumi zoyambira August. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa zipatsozo ndi 4.5-5 g, kutalika ndi 3.5-4 cm. Khungu limapakidwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya azitona. Fomuyo ndi silinda wamtali wokhala ndi nthiti zabwino. Kununkhirako kumakhala wowawasa kuposa kokoma, koma ochita masewera amawotchera makina 4.7. Kokani ndi wonunkhira wonunkhira bwino wokumbutsa zinanazi ndi maapulo. Mphukira imafika kutalika kwa masentimita atatu, mwamphamvu. Ngakhale achikulire, khungwa lokhazikika limasungabe utoto wobiriwira. Zomera sizivuta kwambiri chisanu. Kupanga - mpaka 2 kg pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Kukoma kwa Actinidia Homestead sikumakhala kokoma kwambiri, koma akatswiri ochita masewera ngati amenewo
Gourmet
Zipatso zimacha mchaka chachiwiri cha Ogasiti. Kukula kwa liana sikusiyana. Chithandizo chake, chomwe chiri chosangalatsa, chimangofika mosavomerezeka. Mphukira ndizochepa kwambiri, koma masamba ndi akulu, okhala ndi mitsempha yotchuka. Maluwa ndi osakwatika, monga mawonekedwe amakumbutso a maluwa achigwa. Maluwa amakhala pafupifupi mwezi. Kukana kwazizira - mkati mwa4040. Zipatso mu mawonekedwe a silinda yothinitsidwa pang'ono. Khungu limakhala loonda kwambiri, lamtundu wa azitona wobiriwira, limakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yayitali. Zipatso zake ndizazikulu - 4.5-5,5 g. Kukoma kwake ndikopanda pake, kokoma komanso wowawasa. Ndiye zamkati zimanunkhira mokoka za chinanazi. Zambiri zokolola za 5-7 kg kuchokera kwa munthu wamkulu yemwe wakula.
Actinidia Gourmand amadziwika ndi zokolola komanso zabwino chisanu
Moma
Zapsa zambiri mochedwa, zomwe zili m'gulu la zakudya. Amadziwika ndi kukana chisanu, samakonda matenda ndi tizilombo. Mphukira zazing'ono zimasinthira mtundu kuchoka pa mtundu wobiriwira kukhala wobiriwira wa chokoleti nyengo. Masamba panja ndi osalala, kumbali yolakwika m'mitsempha pali m'mphepete. Zipatso monga mawonekedwe a chopondera pakati. Kutalika kwakukulu kumakhala kupitirira 2 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 2,5-3 g. Zamkati ndi lokoma kwambiri, ndi fungo labwino la chinanazi. Zipatso zakupsa sizipunthwa. Khungu limakhala lobiriwira ndipo limakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakutali, yopyapyala. Kukoma kumawerengedwa ndi 4.5 mfundo. Zochulukitsa ndizotsika - 0,5-1 makilogalamu kuchokera kwa chomera chachikulu.
Actinidia Moma sikuti kwenikweni amagwidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo
Adamu
Zomera "zachimuna", sizimabala zipatso. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "ponseponse" pollinator kwa mitundu iliyonse yolongosoka ya Actinidia. Kutalika kwa mtengo wampesa ndi 3.5-4 m masamba Masamba ake amakongoletsa kwambiri - mbewuzo zikafika zaka 3-5 pazaka, zimasintha pang'ono pang'onopang'ono mtundu wawo wowoneka bwino wobiriwira, womwe umatembenuza kofiira kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira. Akuluakulu a liana, amakhudza kwambiri kamvekedwe ka masamba. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, oyera, omwe amatengedwa mu inflorescence atatu. Fungo lake limakhala losapindika, lofanana ndi kununkhira kwa ndimu.
Adamu ndiye pollinator woyenera wa mtundu uliwonse wa "akazi" a colomict actinidia
Mwambiri, mitundu yowala ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la "amuna" a zomera a actinidia. Masamba awo ndi okulirapo komanso owala kuposa "wamkazi". Maluwa amapezeka kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Kanema: momwe mungasiyanitsire chitsamba cha "wamwamuna" cha actinidia kuchokera kwa "mkazi"
Momwe mungabzale chomera
Actinidia ndi chomera chokhalitsa. Adzakongoletsa mundawo pafupifupi theka la zaka. Nthawi yomweyo, a liana sakonda kuziika kwambiri, motero muyenera kuyandikira kubzala moyenera.
Kusankha kwampando
Mukamasankha malo a Actinidia, choyambirira, ndikofunikira kuganizira kutalika kwa mbewuyo. Ndiwotalikirapo, kotero liana limakula mwamphamvu kutalika ndi m'lifupi. Ndikofunika kuti muzidziwitsa nokha malongosoledwe amtundu wina ndikuyang'ana momwe mbewu za akulu zimanenera.
Actinidia samakakamiza zapadera pamtunda wa nthaka, ngakhale imamera bwino pamtunda wopepuka wa humus ndi michere. Miyezo yokhala ndi asidi yokhala gawo limodzi ndilopanda mbali kapena acidic pang'ono. Mchere wa alkaline suyenera kwenikweni. Koma mutha "acidize" mothandizidwa ndi utuchi wa conifers, citric kapena acetic acid, peat.
Mukabzala ma actinidia angapo nthawi imodzi, ndikofunikira kupatsa chomera chilichonse malo okwanira azakudya
Popeza malo obadwira a actinidia ndi nkhalango zobiriwira, amakonda chinyezi. Koma salola madzi akamayenda pamizu. Madzi ozizira sayenera kubwera pafupi ndi mita kuposa mita. Ngati sizili choncho, muyenera kuthira zinthu zofunikira pansi pa dzenjelo kapena kumanga phiri osachepera theka la mita.
Zonsezi mu Urals ndizotheka. Chovuta kwambiri ndikupereka kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha kokwanira. Colinict actinidia ndi wololera mthunzi, koma osati wolimba. Kuperewera kwawoko kumakhudza kuchuluka ndi kukoma kwa chipatso. Chimawoneka chosangalatsa kwambiri liana, chobzalidwa pansi pamtengo pamthunzi wa "openwork". Amatha kugwiritsa ntchito thunthu lake ngati thandizo lachilengedwe. Koma mtengo suyenera kubereka, apo ayi zipatso zake zitha kuchepa. Mwina liana lingamupangire.
Actinidia amalekerera penumbra wopepuka, chifukwa mipesa yaying'ono ndiyabwino ngakhale
Ma legamu abwino a actinidia ndi nthito zilizonse. Amakudzitsa nthaka ndi nayitrogeni ndikuimasula, ndikupangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi mpweya wabwino. Nthawi yomweyo amapanga kapeti yopitilira, kuletsa gawo lapansi kuti lisaume. Ma curators ndi hazel ndi oyeneranso - onse ngati oyandikana nawo komanso zikhalidwe zam'mbuyomu. Actinidia amawoneka mochititsa chidwi pozungulira ndi mitundu yowala - petunias, asters, viols, gerberas, marigolds. Sali “mpikisano” chifukwa cha nkhondo yolimbana ndi michere yopezeka m'nthaka. "Mnzanu" watsoka kwambiri wa actinidia ndi mtengo wa apulo.
Kukonzekera koyamba
Nyengo ku Urals ndiwakuti nthawi yokhayo yokwanira kuchitapo kanthu kwa actinidia kuyambira. Kubzala masamba ndi njira yabwino kwambiri zigawo zomwe zili pafupi ndi subtropics. Zimaoneka ngati nyengo yachisanu ku Urals sizimabwera nthawi zonse malinga ndi kalendala, ndipo chomera chimafunikira pafupifupi miyezi iwiri chisanu chisanachitike kuti chizolowere nyengo yabwino ndikukhalabe osazizira. Liana lobzalidwa kumapeto kwa Meyi limatsimikiziridwa kuti lidzakhala lolimba mokwanira chisanu chisanachitike. Pakadali pano, kuthekera kwa masika obwerera kumapiri ndipo kutentha kwadzidzidzi kumadumphira pocheperako poyerekeza ndi Epulo, ndipo nthaka ikukwanira. Actinidia amabzalidwa masamba asanafike "masamba" m'mphepete.
Momwe mungasankhire mmera
Kusankha mmera ndi njira yabwino. Kuyambira pamenepo wamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti azigula mbewu zokhazokha m'masitolo kapena m'malo othandiza. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yotsimikizira kuti ndendende zomwe amafuna. Kugula pafupi kapena paulimi waulimi ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti nazale pomwe mbewuyo idakulidwira imapezekanso ku Urals. Mbewu zoterezi zimasinthidwa kale kuti zizigwirizana ndi nyengo yamaderawo.
Kugula kwa ogulitsa odalirika - chitsimikizo cha mtundu wobzala
Zina zomwe muyenera kutsata posankha:
- Mizu ya Actinidia ndi yosalimba, choncho ndibwino kuti muzikonda chomera chokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka. Chifukwa chake mutha kuwatsimikizira kuti sadzavutika pa mayendedwe ndipo sadzauma asanakwere. Mphindi zisanu mpaka khumi pakatikati ndikokwanira kuti mizu ivutike mosasinthika.
- Zomera za pachaka zimamera bwino m'malo atsopano. Komanso, samakonda kukhala ndi mtanda wa dothi. Bzalani lalikulu (zaka zitatu kapena kupitirira) si njira yabwino koposa.
- Ngati actinidia agulidwa ndi chiyembekezo chamtsogolo, kukhalapo kwa pollinator ndizovomerezeka. Pa tchire "chachikazi" chilichonse, "wamwamuna" m'modzi wamtundu womwewo amapezeka (nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa 5: 2 ndikulimbikitsidwa). Kupukutira kwa Interspecific sikutheka chomera ichi.
- Mbande zomwe zimamera pambewu sizitengera nthawi zonse zikhalidwe za "kholo". Izi ndizothandiza kwa Actinidia okhawo omwe amadulidwa. Amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa thunthu lofanana ndi "chitsa" ndi masamba ofananira nawo, pomwe mphukira zowonda zimakula. Mbewu ya chaka chilichonse ndiyo mphukira yosalala yokha.
- Mu actinidia colomict, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, mphukira imapakidwa utoto wakuda - wobiriwira, bulawuni, bulauni, chokoleti. Tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timawoneka bwino. Mphukira zotsalira za actinidia ndizovuta kwambiri - mchenga, beige, mtundu wa saladi.
Kukonza dzenje
Dzenje lokwanira la actinidia limakonzedwa m'dzinja kapena masabata angapo tsiku loti lisanachitike. Tchire zingapo zakonzedwa bwino mzere kuyambira kumpoto mpaka kumwera. Siyani mita imodzi ndi theka pakati pa mipesa yoyandikana, ndi pakati pa mizere yawo - osachepera 3.5-4 m. Kuzama kwa dzenjelo kuli pafupifupi theka la mita, m'mimba mwake ndi 50-60 cm.
Pansi pa dzenjelo, ndi zokutira zosachepera 10cm, zopindika za njerwa, dongo lotukulidwa, miyala yamtengo wapatali, matabuleti a ceramic amathiridwa nthawi zonse. Zida zina zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati ngalande.
Pakadutsa ngalande pamafunika pansi pa dzenje la Actinidia
Dothi lakumwamba lomwe limachotsedwa dzenje limaphatikizidwa ndi humus (10-12 l), superphosphate yosavuta (180-200 g), potaziyamu sulfate (70-90 g) ndi urea (40-50 g). Ndi zosakaniza zomalizidwa muyenera kudzaza gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a buku la dzenje, ndikupanga mulu.
Mukabzala Actinidia, muyenera kupereka malo oti muike trellis. Ndikofunikira kuti zitheke. Pankhaniyi, mphukira zimatha kuchotsedwa mmalo mwake ndi pogona nyengo yachisanu. Ku Urals, kumatha kukhala ozizira kwambiri komanso matalala owala, motero ndibwino kusewera motetezeka. Ngati zakonzedwa kuti zikwere khoma kapena mpanda, mbande zimayikidwa mita imodzi kuchokera kwa iwo. Zilimbira zimasowa mizu yamwezi, motero zimakhala zotetezeka mwamakhoma aliwonse. Kutalika kwa chilimbikitso kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti mbewuyo inali yabwino kuyisamalira ndi kututa. Zokwanira 3-3,5 m.
Actinidia pa trellis amawoneka wokongola kwambiri kuposa mphukira zometedwa, Komanso, ndizosavuta kuziyang'anira
Njira zokulitsira
Ntchito yodzala Actinidia mu nthaka imatenga magawo angapo.
- Miphika yokhala ndi chomera imamizidwa mumtsuko woyenerera ndi madzi pafupifupi theka la ola. Mutha kuwonjezera potaziyamu permanganate ndi utoto wotuwa wa pinki (chifukwa cha kupha matenda) kapena mtundu uliwonse wa biostimulant (kulimbikitsa chitetezo chomera).
- Nthaka yomwe ikuponyera dzenje ndi madzi okwanira.
- Amapanga kuzama, ndikudzaza pansi pake ndi dothi labwino lopanda michere, popanda feteleza. Izi zithandiza kuteteza mizu ya brittle kuti isayake.
- Actinidia amachotsedwa mumphika, kuyesera kuti awononge pang'ono momwe angathere pa dongo. Amayikiramo zinthu zopangidwira pamwamba pa dzenjelo ndipo nthaka amaiwonjezera m'timagawo ting'onoting'ono, nthawi ndi nthawi kuipaka. Onetsetsani kuti khosi la mizu silakuzama.
Actinidia amabzalidwa, kuyesa kuvutitsa mizu pang'ono momwe angathere
- Chomera chomwe chidabzikiracho chimathiriridwa madzi ambiri, chimatha madzi okwanira 25-30 malita. Simuyenera kuchita kukumba mabowo kuti ulimi wothirira, kuti mvula ndi kusungunuka madzi asadziunjikemo.
- Chinyezi chikamamwa, bwalo lozungulira lomwe ndi mainchesi 50-70 masentimita limakhazikika ndi udzu watsopano wodulidwa, peat crumb, humus (wosanjikiza 10-12 cm). Ngati pali amphaka m'dera lanu kapena oyandikana nawo, ndibwino kuti muzungulire chomeracho ndi mauna achitsulo kapena kuti mupange cholepheretsa china. Nyama izi zimatha kukuta mphukira ndi mizu.
Ndikofunikira kuzungulira mbewu zazing'ono za Actinidia mutabzala ndi mauna apamwamba achitsulo, kuwateteza ku amphaka
- M'chilimwe, chovala choyera kapena chophimba m'miyala ingapo chimakoka pa liana. Izi zimuthandiza kupulumuka bwino "kupsinjika" ndikuteteza dothi kuti lisaume. Zomera zosakhazikika zimalekerera dzuwa mwachindunji.
Kanema: momwe mungabzalire actinidia
Malangizo a Zakusamalira Mbewu
Actinidia colomicta ndi woyenera kuonedwa wopanda chonde chisamaliro. Ili ndi "plasticity" inayake, yosinthira bwino nyengo ndi nyengo. Chifukwa chake, kulima kwake ku Urals sikusiyana ndi kulimidwa kwina.
Kuthirira
Kuchulukitsa kambiri komanso / kapena kuthilira pafupipafupi kudzasanduliza dothi lozungulira ngati dambo, ndipo chinthu ichi sichimalekerera. Ngati dzinja lili lozizira, mbewuyo imatha kuchita ndi mvula yachilengedwe. Mukutentha, njirayi imagwiridwa masiku onse a 6-9, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malita 50-70 amadzi pa mtengo wa munthu aliyense wamkulu. Ngati kunja kulibe mvula kwanthawi yayitali, ndibwino kuwonjezera kupopera masamba m'mawa kapena kumadzulo.
Kuti chinyontho chisakhale m'nthaka, thunthu la thunthu liyenera kuyikiridwa. Izi zimapulumutsanso nthawi yongolola. Nthawi iliyonse mutathilira, nthaka imamasulidwa, koma mosamala kwambiri - mizu ya actinidia ndiyopamwamba, mizu imakhala yakuya kuposa masentimita 10-15.
Mulch amathandizanso kuti nthaka isakhale chinyezi komanso imasungira nthawi yothandizirana
Ntchito feteleza
Actinidia amayankha bwino feteleza, mchere kapena organic. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yogwira ntchito, feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni amafunikira kuti apange zipatso zobiriwira. 15-20 g wa urea, ammonium nitrate, mamonium sulfate pa lalikulu mita kapena 20-25 L ya humus, kompositi inavunda imagawidwa pamalo ozungulira mitengo.
Urea, monga feteleza wina wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, imalimbikitsa mpesa kuti upange zipatso zobiriwira.
Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba ndi feteleza wachilengedwe. Phulusa la nkhuni ndimtundu wachilengedwe wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Kulowetsedwa kwake (malita atatu a malita 10 a madzi otentha) kumathiriridwa ndi liana kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Ngati mkhalidwe wa actinidia kapena kukula sikakugwirizana ndi inu, munthawiyo amatha kuthira manyowa katatu ndi yankho la feteleza wachilengedwe wazonse wazovuta (Kemira-Lux, Agricola, Zdrazen kapena ena ndi oyenera).
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira, actinidia amathiriridwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu sulfate (10-15 g) ndi superphosphate (30-35 g) mu 10 l madzi. Ngati nthawi yophukira ili mvula, mutha kugawa mavalidwe apamwamba kwambiri mozungulira bwalo loyandikira. Njira ina ndi feteleza wovuta wokhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu (WA, Autumn). Nayitrogeni sangathe kuyambitsa panthawiyi - imalepheretsa mbewuyo kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu.
Mwapadera sizilekerera actinidium chlorine ndi laimu. Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa nthaka yanthaka, gwiritsani ntchito ufa wa dolomite, choko chophwanyika, mazira a ufa. Ndipo potaziyamu mankhwala ena monga feteleza amathetsiratu.
Kula ndi kumanga chisoti chachifumu
Popeza imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za actinidia ndizokongoletsa, mapangidwe ake korona ndi njira yovomerezeka. Liana lotere limawoneka bwino, lokula bwino, limapanga mitundu ina yatsopano mofulumira.
Kudulira koyenera kumathandizira kukula korona
Malangizo ndi malingaliro okonza ndi motere:
- Ngati mbewuyo ili yokhutiritsa, mphukira zidawonjezedwa pafupifupi mita kutalika kwa nyengo yoyamba, kudulira kumatha kuchitika kale mchaka chachiwiri chokhala poyera. Kupanda kutero, njirayi imayimitsidwa kwa nyengo ina. Nthawi yake ndiyakuti maluwa atayamba kale kapena kuti tayamba kale kugwa, masamba atagwa (pasanathe mwezi umodzi chisanu chisanafike). Chapakatikati, kudulira sikulimbikitsidwa chifukwa kuyamwa kwambiri.
- Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mphukira zonse zimachotsedwa mpaka kukula, kusiya 3-4 yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yopanga zambiri. Amangirizidwa kwa trellis, kupereka mawonekedwe okhazikika. M'nyengo yotentha, liana limapanga mwachangu. Asanu kapena asanu ndi m'modzi akhazikikanso pa thandizolo, koma mozungulira. Kapangidwe kake kamayenera kuwoneka ngati fan. Kupitilira apo, mphukirazi zidzafunika kupukutika nthawi iliyonse yophukira, ndikuchotsa masamba atatu apamwamba.
- M'chaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi cha moyo, mphukira zimapangidwa, pomwe adzakolola. Amakhala ofupikitsika kwambiri, osachepera theka. Ikani iwo, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, molunjika komanso molunjika.
Kudulira pafupipafupi kumapatsa chidwi cha actinidia.
- Musaiwale za kudulira mwaukhondo. Chaka chilichonse, mu nthawi yophukira ndi yophukira, mazira onse, owuma, omwe akhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo amachotsedwa. Komanso, liana limasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndikuyamba kuchotsa mphukira zaka zopitilira 12-15.
Kanema: akukonza Actinidia
Kukonzekera yozizira
Zosiyanasiyana za actinidia, zoyenera kukula mu Urals, zimadziwika ndi kukokedwa kwambiri ndi chisanu. Koma ndibwino kukhala otetezeka ndikuphimba mbewuyo.
- Konzani bwino thunthu la zinyalala zomwe zilipo kale.
- Pambuyo pake, mulch wosanjikiza imasinthidwa, ndikubweretsa makulidwe ake pansi pa thunthu mpaka 20-25 cm.
- Mphukira za actinidia zimasanjidwa mosamala kuchokera ku trellis ndikuyala pansi, kukuta ndi masamba, udzu, zomata zamitengo, nthambi zokhazokha ndi kulimbitsa zigawo zingapo za zinthu zofunikira kupumira.
- Chipale chofewa chikangogwa, amaponya matayala, ndikupanga chipale chofewa. M'nyengo yozizira, imapangidwanso katatu, kwinaku ikuphwanya kutumphuka kolimba.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo Tofala
Zowona kuti Actinidia ndi osowa kwambiri, komanso ndi chisamaliro choyenera, pafupifupi sizikhala ndi bowa wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mabakiteriya, ma virus, sangakondwere koma wamaluwa. Tizirombo timakondanso mbewu imeneyi.
Koma pali zosiyana pakulamulira wamba:
- Phyllosticosis. Matenda a fungal omwe amatha kuzindikirika mosavuta ndi mawanga a bulauni omwe ali ndi malire a maroon pamasamba. Pang'onopang'ono, minofu m'malo awa yowuma, mabowo amawoneka. Nthawi zambiri, phylostictosis amakhudza Actinidia wakale kapena mbewu zomwe mizu yake imakhala yowonongeka.
Phylostictosis imakhudza kakulidwe kakale ka Actinidia
- Ramulariosis Pulogalamu yapa pepalali mbali zonse ndi yokutidwa ndi mawanga oyera ndi malire amdima.
Ramulariosis ndimatenda owopsa omwe funginidia imatha kudwala ngati akusungidwa bwino
Tazindikira zizindikilo zoyipa zoyambilira, ziyenera kuchitidwa pochiza ndi kupewa kudwalanso:
- masamba odwala ayenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa;
- utsi wa mbewu kangapo ndi masiku 7-12 ndi 2% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate kapena Bordeaux fluid.
Izi ndi njira zofala kwambiri, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina, fungicides amakono - Abiga Peak, Skor, Topaz, Horus ndi zina.
Mwa tizirombo, mbozi, kachikumbu, masamba, ndi kuluka amatchera khutu ku actinidia. Zitha kuwononga mbewu podya masamba omwe ali ndi masamba ndi maluwa kuchokera mkati. Kuti muthane nawo, mpesawo umafafaniza kamodzi ndi okonzedwa malinga ndi malangizo a mankhwala aliwonse ophera tizilombo - Inta-Vir, Mospilan, Iskra-Bio, Tanrek ndi ena.
Tizilombo ta khungubwe ndi kachilombo kokongola kwambiri, koma timayambitsa kuvulala kwa Actinidia
Kututa ndi kusunga
Actinidia amabweretsa zipatso zoyambirira zaka 3-4 mutabzala poyera. Mitundu yambiri, zipatso zimayamba mu Ogasiti ndipo zimatha miyezi 1.5. Zipatso zosapsa nthawi yosungirako zimatha kukhwima, kukhala zonunkhira bwino.
Zipatso za Actinidia zimacha pang'onopang'ono, zimakololedwa mkati mwa masabata 4-6
Zipatso zatsopano za actinidia zimasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira (10-12ºº) chokhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso chinyezi pamlingo wa 60-75%. Onetsetsani kuti palibe zakudya zonunkhira kapena zinthu zili pafupi. Zipatso zimatenga mosavuta fungo.
Pa chithandizo cha kutentha, zabwino za Actinidia sizitayika. Chifukwa chake, ndikothekera kuphika kupanikizana, compote kuchokera pamenepo, kukonzekera zina zopanga. Zipatso zouma, zouma ndi zouma zimasungidwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri.
Kuchiza kutentha sikumachepetsa maubwino a zipatso za Actinidia
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Mitundu ya Actinidia colomict Dr. Shimanovsky ndiyotchuka kwambiri, kusamalira sikusiyana ndi mitundu ina yamtunduwu. Sindinatsimikizire chonde changa, kukula kwanga kuli bwino kwambiri, mchaka chodzala liana adayendetsa pafupifupi mamita 2. Poyerekeza ndi kufotokozerako, ndiye zipatso zakuchedwa kwa mtunduwu, zimayamba kubereka zipatso chaka chachinayi kapena chachisanu.Hardiness yozizira ndiyambiri. Sindikudziwa momwe Szymanowski alili, koma mtundu wina wa Issai wodzipukutira ndi kupukutira pamtanda umachulukitsa zipatso ndi kulemera kwa chipatso. Ndikufuna kutetezedwa ku amphaka, kwa ine, iyi ndi silinda yopangidwa ndi ma waya opindika (mabwalo), 1.5 m ndi mulifupi ndi 0.6 m. Amakonda dothi lonyowa koma losasambira, sakonda madzi osunthika, ndikofunikira kukonza ngalande. Sanakumba dothi mozungulira mipesa, sakonda feteleza wokhala ndi chlorine, dothi la carbonate silili labwino, amafunika kuthandizidwa, amakula bwino m malo osakhazikika komanso m'malo owala.
Andrii//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=360&start=45
Choyamba ndikulimbikitsa actinidia Gourmand. Wopatsa zipatso kwambiri, wokhala ndi zipatso zambiri, komanso wotsimikiziridwa. Chaka chatha, adatenga 4 kg, ndipo izi sizowonjezera malire a mpesa wopangika pa trellis yayikulu. Masamba ali ndi malo oyera ndi ofiira. Mitundu ya Universitetskaya ndi yosangalatsa mumtundu wamtambo (imabala zipatso ngakhale ku Novosibirsk). Masamba ake amachokera ku wobiriwira wobiriwira mpaka wachikaso chowala ndi malire owala a burgundy; zokolola zake, sizinakhazikike (sindinapatse izi pafupi ndi Lakomka, ngakhale mtengo wake ndi wakale). Simungachotse chiphaso chilichonse pa trellis, koma khalani otetezeka. Komanso mutenge Adamu.
Sorokin//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=930
Gulu la "wokonza dimba wachichepere" kasupe: Adamu, Gourmand ndi Leningradskaya (ngati sichoncho, ndiye Waffle), chabwino, zomwe anzanu angachite.
Musya//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=930
Ndikupanga September Colomics ndi Dr. Shimanovsky (kuphatikiza "Adamu" Adamu pakati pawo). Onse ochokera ku nazale yaku Poland, padalibe mavuto nawo, ngakhale ndili ndi madera ozizira kwambiri. Onsewa a actinidia, m'malingaliro mwanga, ali ofanana kwambiri maonekedwe ndi kukoma kwa zipatso, ndipo mawonekedwe a zilala, sindisiyanitsa iwo. Zosiyanasiyana Shimanovsky ndi Adamu, ndipo Seputembala - osati ayi ("ngati" -) chifukwa iwo adadzalidwa ndi ine pang'ono, ndipo sizotheka kusiyanitsa nthambi yanji). Onsewa a actinidia ndi obala zipatso komanso okoma. Zipatso zakupsa theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti. Koma chaka chino panali china chachilendo: Seputembala imakhwima pafupifupi mwezi umodzi isanakwane - mu Julayi! Ngakhale chilimwe sichinali chotentha. Ndipo ndimakondanso kwambiri - tinadya Actinidia mwezi umodzi motalikira: mu Julayi - Seputembala, mu Ogasiti - Shimanovsky.
Lucy2011//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2182&start=930
Ndayesa gourmet ndi Waffle, yoyamba ndiyotsekemera, koma palibe chomwe chingakhale choyenera kutamanda kwambiri, kukoma kwake ndikotopetsa poyerekeza ndi zipatso zina.
Pambuyo pake//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=3667&st=40
Ndakhala ndi ma actinidia awiri omwe akula kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri - Dr. Shimanovsky ndi Adam. Szymanowski akuwoneka kuti ndi wa bisexual, koma komabe, atagula, adatenga Adamu kuti adalirika. Ndiye? Sipanakhalepo zipatso! Mu 2015, kwa nthawi yoyamba ndidawona maluwa, koma zipatso sizinayambike. Chaka chatha, kunalibe maluwa. Tchire ngati masamba abwinobwino, okongola kuyambira Ogasiti. Kukula poyera. Pafupifupi dzuwa lonse.
Liliya//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=360&start=225
Chaka chino, kwa nthawi yoyamba yomwe ndinayesa zipatso za actinidia mitundu Lakomka (aka Lasunka), lingaliro loyamba linali labwino. Kuphukira kumeneku kunali kozizira, kwamvula, ndipo zipatso za Argut sizimapeza kukoma kwanyengo ndi fungo la mitundu iliyonse. Kukula kwake Gourmand ndikakulu kuposa Seputembala.
Sergey Lazurchenko//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=396&page=211
Ndikothekanso kukulitsa gawo la Actinidia (makamaka mitundu yake yambiri) ku Urals, ngakhale kuti dera lino ndiloyenera kukhala m'gulu la "malo olima pachiwopsezo". Mwa mitundu yambiri yosankhidwa ya Russia ndi yachilendo, wolima munda aliyense apeza imodzi yomwe imamuyenerera. Ubwino waukulu pachikhalidweyi ndi kukongoletsa, kukana kuzizira, kupatsa kwabwino komanso kudziwika wamba. Ndizomwe zimathandizira kuti actinidia ikuchulukirachulukira ku Russia.
