Basil-tsamba Mylnianica ndi maluwa osatha a maluwa ochokera kubanja la Carnation. Kutanthauza saponaria (Chilatini cha saponaria, kuchokera ku mawu oti "sapo" amatanthauza sopo). Ngati mukusuntha ndi manja anu muzu wa mbeuyo, mbale ya sopo kapena gawo lina lake, ndiye kuti madontho a soapy azikhalabe pazala zake, mutagwedezeka ndi madzi, mawonekedwe a thovu. Ichi ndi saponin - chinthu chomwe mu mizu ya sopowort yoposa 30 peresenti, imagwira ntchito ngati sopo.
Maluwa ndi osazindikira, osavuta kuwasamalira, owoneka bwino, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabedi aminda, zitsamba za alpine ndi zinthu zina zopanga mawonekedwe. Pazomwe mukukula chomera, momwe mungasamalire, zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Maluwa osavuta, ophatikizidwa bwino ma inflorescence, okondweretsa diso pabedi la maluwa
Kufotokozera Mwachidule, Chiyambi
Ma Soapworm ndi ochepa. M'mundamo, sopo wophika wa saponaria amatha kuwoneka papilo lofewa lamasamba ndi maluwa opinki. Imakula mpaka kutalika kwa 90cm, koma chifukwa cha mphukira zokwawa kumawoneka kuti ndizododometsa, ngati kuti kuphimba pansi ndi "bulangeti" lofewa. Limamasula kwambiri mu Meyi, yokutidwa ndi maluwa otayirira ang'onoang'ono asanu maluwa. Pak maluwa, zimayambira zimakula bwino, chifukwa chake, pafupi ndi chilimwe, bokosi la sopo limadulidwa ndi gawo lachitatu, kotero kuti zisoti zimawoneka bwino.
Chimawoneka ngati duwa la sopo pafupi
Ndi kuphweka konse chomera, duwa la sopo limakhala ndi zabwino zambiri zomwe amalimi a maluwa amatengera:
- pafupifupi kuwunikira kwamtundu uliwonse kumamukonda - kumakula bwino mumphindi komanso padzuwa;
- mbewuyo imalekerera nthawi yachisanu;
- imakula mwachangu, imamera m'mera yabwino;
- osasinthika kunthaka - ku chomera cha sopo mbale m'malo wotetezeka dothi lamtundu uliwonse.
Mwachilengedwe, limamera pamiyala kapena m'nkhalango za paini. Mbale ya sopo yochokera ku mapiri a Alps, omwe ndi mapiri a Spain, ilinso pazilumba za Sardinia ndi Corsica. Ku Russia, imapezeka kuthengo kumapiri ndi kumapiri a Caucasus, ngakhale mutha kuipeza ngakhale ku Siberia.
Chimawoneka ngati chomera mwachilengedwe
Zosangalatsa! Cholinga chodziwika bwino cha udzu wa mbale ya sopo ndi kukongoletsa mundawo. Dothi labwino komanso loyenda bwino kwambiri limatulutsa udzu wokhala ndi udzu komanso lotseguka, limatha kukhazikika pathanthwe, limamasula m'maluwa amaluwa. Amadziwikanso ngati chomera chokhala ndi mavitamini komanso mankhwala othandizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzikongoletsera. Magawo osiyanasiyana a chomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera infusions pochizira matenda amkhungu, matenda ammimba, etc.
Mitundu yotchuka ya Saponaria
Pali mitundu yoposa 40 ya mtundu wa saponaria, koma yocheperako imasinthidwa kuti ikongoletsedwe - pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri. Zoweta zikugwirira ntchito yopanga mbewu zamtunduwu.
Ndi chikhalidwe kupatsa mankhwala a siliva ndi zokongoletsera. Sopo mbale yamasamba a basil ndi zokongoletsera. Ndizosangalatsa chifukwa zimawoneka ngati chithovu cha pinki, chimatulutsa pamodzi, kwanthawi yayitali. Mwa maluwa ang'onoang'ono osalimba, mbale iyi ya sopo imatchedwanso "fumbi la mwezi". Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sopo yotsekemera ya basil imaphatikizira, mwachitsanzo, Camilla saponaria - mbewu yomwe ili ndi maluwa angapo apinki opepuka. Kuphatikiza pa iye, pali mitundu ingapo yomwe ndiyotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa.
Zofala
Chomera cha Soapweed ndi chosatha chokhala ndi masamba opyapyala komanso maluwa ang'onoang'ono a pinki kapena ofiira. Chomera chosiyana chimakhala chowoneka bwino, koma chimawoneka bwino kwambiri.
Choyera
Mbale sopo yoyera ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri, yabwino komanso yachilendo yazomera. A Betty Arnold ndi osiyana ndi ena chifukwa amatalika mpaka mita imodzi. Potere, mbewuyi imakulungidwa ndi maluwa osadziwika bwino amitundu yoyera. Zokongola kwambiri komanso zokongoletsa.
Terry
Mbale sisitoni yamtundu wamtundu wambale ya mtundu wina wa sopo wokhala ndi basil, yodziwika ndi terry ya maluwa ndi kukula kwake pang'ono. Terry saponaria obereketsa obereketsa, samapezeka kuthengo.
Turfy
Mylnhynka turfy - chomera, chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe makamaka ku Pyrenees, chimamera pamiyala yamiyala ndikuwoneka mokongoletsa. Kutalika kwa tchire sikupitilira 15 masentimita, maluwa ndi pinki, masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe akhungu.
Mylnyanka officinalis
Mylnyanka officinalis ndi mbewu yayitali (mpaka 90cm), yopanda tanthauzo, yomwe ikulira kulikonse chapakati Russia. Imakhala ndi tsinde lopindika lomwe limakutidwa ndi masamba. Maluwa ndi onunkhira, amawoneka bwino kwambiri mu inflorescence, mtundu wawo ndi pinki.
Pinki
Mitundu ya pinki kulibe; ndi chikhalidwe chake kunena kuti mbale ya sopo ya pinki ndi mbale ya sopo ya Olivan. Uwu ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa ndi obereketsa oweta makamaka pa Alpine slide. Mtengowo ndi waufupi, wowuluka, uli ndi chipewa chamaluwa owala a pinki okongola amtali.
Zina
Zomera zina kuchokera pagulu la mitundu yokongoletsera zimakhala ndi mithunzi yambiri. Zakudya za sopo zokhala ndi mithunzi yachikasu ndi maluwa a lilac zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri.
Zosangalatsa! Pali mbale ya sopo yocheperako, yomwe imamera pamwamba pamtunda ndi masentimita ochepa chabe. Palinso mitundu yolimbirana ndi ena ambiri omwe ali ndi malingaliro ofanana ndi mbale zonse za sopo.
Kulima mbewu
Kwenikweni, mbewuyi imamera mbande. Pogulitsa mungapezeko mbale ya sopo "Kuuzira" kapena mbale ya sopo "Olivana", ndipo "Fumbi la mwezi" likufunanso.
Kutchera mphamvu ndi dothi
Kwa mbande, njere zimabzalidwa mumbale kapena mabokosi ena okhala ndi mabowo otulutsira madziwo. Nthaka imayenereranso madzi osavuta koma opezeka bwino. Atha kukhala malo ochepetsa, onenepa komanso ophatikizidwa ndi manyowa.
Mylnianka amawoneka bwino osati m'mundamo, komanso ngati gawo lokonzekera maluwa pa khonde
Kukonzekera ndi kufesa mbewu
Mbewu zisanabzalidwe zimatha kukhala chonyowa kuti zitheke kumera. Mbewuyi ndi yosazindikira kwenikweni, mbewu zimatuluka bwino, nthawi zina mumavutikanso ndi kudzilimitsa. Mutabzala, nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa, yokutidwa ndi zojambulazo ndikudikirira mbande.
Momwe mungasamalire mbande
Mbewu zobzalidwa m'nthaka, kuthiriridwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi mpaka woyamba mphukira. Zikangomera, mbutozo zimachotsedwa, pomwe tsamba lachiwiri lowona limabisala, limadzimbira m'miyala yosiyana. Asanabzala pamalo otseguka, ngati mbande zina, amaziwonjezera, ndikuzipititsa mumsewu.
Nthawi
Nthawi yakumera kwa mbande ndi milungu iwiri. Mbande zimabzalidwa m'nthaka itatha ngozi yobwereranso kutha. Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala pakati pa Meyi.
Tikufika
Soapwort ili ndi mizu yabwino kwambiri, kotero kubzala ndi kusamalira Soapwort panja ndikosavuta. Dothi lomera lomwe limaphukira limangotuluka mumphika ndikukhala pachikhalire masentimita 25 pakati pa mbewu.
Mawonekedwe
Muzu wa mbewuyo umakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa thovu mukazipaka m'manja. Gawo lakumwambalo lilinso ndi katundu yemweyo, koma limayipa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa surapyants, mizu imakhala ndi zinthu zina, kuphatikizapo ma alkaloids. Chifukwa chake, chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ena achikhalidwe monga mankhwala ochita kupanga.
Njira yobwereza
Kukula kwa njere za sopo masamba a Basil si njira yokhayo yobala. Palinso kudula. Kwa iye, tengani mphukira, kudula pamwamba ndikusiya kuzika mu mchenga wonyowa, ndikuphimba ndi mtsuko wagalasi.
Zosangalatsa! Muzu wamphamvu ungagawanidwenso m'magawo awiri a 2-3 motero kufalitsa mbale ya sopo. Izi zimachitika pambuyo maluwa kapena masika.
Zolemba zam'munda
Tsopano momwe umabzala ndi kusamalira mabokosi amtunduwu.
Kuthirira
Sopo mbale umathiriridwa nthawi zonse, koma osati kwambiri.
Chinyezi
Kuwaza kuti musungunuke ndi kusankha. Mtengo wa Mylnica wokhawo womwe umafuna chinyontho chokulirapo, mitundu ina imalekerera nyengo yotentha mwachizolowezi.
Dothi
Zomera sizilekerera kuthilira kwamadzi nthaka, chifukwa dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lopopera. Ngati pali madzi apansi pafupi, ndiye ndibwino kubzala maluwa pabedi lalitali.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Popeza chomera chonsecho sichimakumbukira, mwanjira ina sikofunikira kwenikweni kusamalira feteleza. Ndikokwanira kuwonjezera feteleza wa phosphorous kapena ufa wa fupa kamodzi pa nthawi yobzala.
Zosangalatsa! Chomera chimatha kugwiranso ntchito zoteteza nthaka, kulimbikitsa malo otsetsereka kuti isakokoloke, kuseri kwa chipewa chamaluwa chomwe mutha kubisala makoma oyipa kapena malo am'midzi ndi minda.
Kodi limamasuka liti komanso motani
Mitundu ya maluwa
Ndi zofananira zonse pazinthu zodziwika bwino, mbale za sopo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimatha kutulutsa pachimake. Pali mbewu zomwe zili ndi maluwa wamba asanu, pali oimira ena okongola a banja. Pali maluwa ofika mainchesi 4, ambiri ali ndi maluwa okongola komanso kukula.
Maonekedwe a maluwa
Maluwa pa sopowort amatha kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe a inflorescence ndi ofanana mitundu yonse.
Nthawi ya maluwa
Sopo yokhala ndi masamba awiri amodzi yamalufu, imakhala yotentha kwambiri nthawi yonseyo.
Mitundu ina ya mbewu imakhala ndi "mawonekedwe" okongola, monga Rosea Glen wosakanizidwa
Zosintha pakusamalira maluwa
Chifukwa chake maluwa ndi ochulukirachulukira, otupa, nthawi yayitali, amalimbikitsidwa kudyetsa mbewu ndi feteleza wovuta panthawi imeneyi.
Ikani pambuyo pogula komanso pakubala
Zomera zimatha kupulumuka ndikusintha kuchokera mu chidebe ndikuthira dothi, ndikamagawa chitsamba ndi kuzula mizu. Ndikofunika kuti nthaka ikhale yopepuka, yopanda chonde, popanda kusayenda kwamadzi.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula
Osatha ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo tizirombo ndi matenda azomera. Sichikhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi mbewu za m'munda. Komabe, ndikofunikira kulabadira mfundo zina.
Mavuto a masamba
Masamba amatha kukhudzidwa ndi bowa, womwe umadziwika ndi kuwonekera kwa masamba kapena makulidwe awo ndi mawanga a bulauni. Nthawi zambiri chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa chimadzadza madzi m'dothi. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, mbale za sopo zimavutika ndi muzu zowola. Zowonongeka, chomera chimayenera kutsukidwa ndi masamba omwe ali ndi matenda, ngati gawo lawolo lidawonongeka, chotsani kwathunthu.
Tizilombo
Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumatha kuyambitsa dimba la gulugufe. Mokulira, mbozi zosaka kuchokera mazira a gulugufe zimatha kuwononga mbewu. Zimata, ndipo mbewuyo imafa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthana ndi tizilombo ndi njira zapadera zotetezera; kusonkhanitsa ndi mphutsi ndi mbozi kumathandiza.
Mukapanda kuthana ndi tizilombo pa maluwa, titha kufalikira kumasamba
Matenda
Ngati mawanga akuda awoneka pamasamba, muyenera kudula madera omwe akhudzidwa. Ndi malo akulu owonongeka, chotsani chomera chonse ndikuwotcha. Zina zimachiritsidwa ndi fungicides.
Zizindikiro zosamalidwa bwino
Ngati kuthirira sikulakwa, mbewuyo imangotseka ndi kufa. Kuchepa chilala kumavulazanso. Pomaliza, kulephera kudula kungayambitse kuti namsongole amabisa gawo lonse la maluwa. Kupanda kutero, mavuto sayenera kutuluka.
Saponaria ndi chomera chosangalatsa kwa wolima dimba, chomwe sichifuna kuti chiwongola dzanja chake chisamalidwe, chimakhala chodzikuza ndipo chimamera panthaka iliyonse. Pamodzi ndi mbewu zina zophimba pansi, zimathandizira kukongoletsa mundawo ndikupangitsa kuti malowo akhale okongola.
