Omwe alimi ndi olima m'minda yambiri amalima zobzala m'malo awo. Izi zimawonjezera kuthekera kwawo kopanga zinthu zathanzi, zachilengedwe. Masamba ndi zipatso zimatha kupezeka chaka chonse. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikupanga polojekiti molondola, sankhani zinthu zabwino, mumangire, muitanitse kapena mugule zomanga zamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri. Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya malo obiriwira omwe alipo? Kodi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndizothandiza? Timapereka fanizo la malo obiriwira osinthika osiyanasiyana: zabwino ndi zowawa, makamaka kukhazikitsa, kugwira ntchito.
Nyumba zamaluwa za polycarbonate, zomwe zikutchuka kwambiri komanso zikufunika, ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera. Kusiyidwa kwa kapu ndi kanema wokonda polycarbonate adaloledwa kusintha mapangidwe ndikupanga mapulogalamu atsopano. Amapanga malo okhala bwino, ndipo kusamalira mbewu kumakhala kosavuta. Izi zidatheka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a zinthu zatsopanozi - kupepuka, kulimba, kusinthasintha komanso kutsimikiza kwamphamvu yamafuta.
Poyerekeza ndi galasi, polycarbonate ndiyopepuka komanso yolimba, yosavuta kuyiyika. Kuchokera pamenepo mutha kupanga malo oyimitsa ndi ogwiritsira ntchito mafoni a mawonekedwe aliwonse.
Chimodzi mwazomwe zidapangidwa kwambiri ndi nyumba yobiriwira mwa nyumba. Mtunduwu unali wotchuka kwazaka zambiri, mpaka pang'onopang'ono unasinthidwa ndi malo okongola azachuma. Zoyipa zamapangidwewo zitha kuonedwa kuti ndi zochuluka za zinthu zomangira, ndipo zopindulitsa zimaphatikizapo buku lalikulu lamkati komanso mwayi wosamalira mbewu
Mitundu ndi kapangidwe ka nyumba zobiriwira
Pali nyumba zosungiramo mitengo pafupi ndi nyumba. Ngati zonse zili zomveka ndi mtundu woyamba, ndiye kuti wachiwiri ukutanthauza kuti limodzi mwa khoma lanyumba yanyumba kapena chida chothandizira limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira pakuwoneka kwanyengo. Nthawi zambiri, nyumba zobiriwira zoterezi zimatenthetsedwa ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yachisanu.
Kuphatikiza pa mapangidwe ake, nyumba zomwe sizili zoletsa zachuma komanso zogwira ntchito moyandikana ndi nyumba zikuyamba kutchuka. Lingaliro lokonza zomera zam'nyengo yozizira ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Pali zosankha zingapo. Chimodzi mwa zotchuka kwambiri ndi masamba a Ivanov. Iyi ndi nyumba yobiriwira ya polycarbonate yomangidwa pamalo opendekera, momwe khoma la nyumbayo limagwiritsidwa ntchito osati monga zomangamanga, komanso monga mawonekedwe owalitsa owunikira dzuwa.
Denga loterera lamasamba obwera dzuwa la Ivanov linapangidwa kuti cheza cha dzuwa chizigwera pansi mbali yakumanja ndipo pafupifupi sizinawonekere. Chifukwa cha izi, mbewu zimalandira kutentha kambiri komanso kuwalitsa. Mphamvu zonse zimayatsa ndikuwotha kutentha kwanyengo
Osamba zamasamba kale amatchedwa malo obisalirako a m'badwo watsopano. Kamangidwe kameneka ndi kupangika kwa aphunzitsi wamba a sayansi yasukulu, koma ndiwabwino kuposa ena ambiri pamikhalidwe yathu ya nyengo. Zikuwoneka ngati mkati ndi kunja kwa dzuwa kwa Ivanov, mutha kuwonera kanemayo. Mwini wake amalankhula za zomwe zikukula pamera m'nkhokwe chotere:
Makamaka ndizodziwika bwino ndizomwe zimapangidwa ngati nyumba zobiriwira zokha. Zina mwazomwezi zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zoyandikana ndi nyumba. Chachikulu ndikutsimikiza bwino zosowa zanu, kuthekera kwanu ndikupeza momwe mungayikitsire malo obiriwira, werengani molondola malo. Maumboni odziwika kwambiri:
- wokhala ndi makoma owongoka (amatchedwanso malo obiriwira, "nyumba" zawo zofananira ndi nyumba zogona);
- mu mawonekedwe a lancet arch (dzina lina - greenched nyumba);
- wokhala ndimakoma otchepera (ochulukirapo kuposa mawonekedwe a mitundu iwiri yoyambayo);
- yokhala ndi denga lofikira kukhoma (nyumba zobiriwira zimamangidwa mwanjira ya otchedwa Dutch hay khola).
Pali nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira. Ngakhale dzina loti "kuyankhula", "kasupe" amatanthauza nyumba zobiriwira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Novembala. Zizira kwenikweni imafunikira kutentha. Kutengera ndi kusuntha, malo osunthika ndi mafoni amasiyanitsidwa. Zomera zimayikidwa mu njira zotchingidwa ndi zotchingidwa. Ndipo pakulima kwawo, nthaka ndi nthaka yopanda dothi (aero, hydroponic) imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a mafupa am'mera yachisanu yozizira yomwe idapangidwa moyenera kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Ntchito yomangayo ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi otentha nyumbayo osavulaza mbewu. Mbali yotalikirana yazomera imayang'ana kum'mwera. Mosiyana ndi zida zina zamtunduwu, imapangidwa popanda kuganizira za kuyika kwa mapaipi pansi. Kutenthetsa kudzaperekedwa ndi boiler yamatanda yaying'ono
Nyumba zobiriwira zozizira zimagwira ntchito chaka chonse. Ndiwabwino kwambiri kuti azilima masamba azomera komanso zamalonda. Nkhani yotentha imatha kuthetsedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana: amaika ma boilers, mipando, ma radiators. Mwini aliyense amasankha yekha njira yabwino komanso yokwanira. Nyumba zobiriwira zozizira zimatha kukhala zokha kapena moyandikana ndi nyumba zina
Njira # 1 - "nyumba" yokhala ndi makoma ofukula
Mwa mitundu yonse ya malo obiriwira, "nyumba" idapangidwabe kwambiri, ngakhale kukuwoneka kusintha kwatsopano, kothandiza kwambiri. Chomwe chimapangitsa kutchuka uku ndi kusavuta komanso kusinthasintha kwa kapangidwe kake. Ndi chimango cha nyumba, pomwe pali padenga la gable. Makoma amamangidwa pafupifupi 1.5 m kuchokera pansi, padenga amawayala kutalika kwa 1.8-2.4 m. Chifukwa cha makonzedwe awa a zobiriwira, mwini wakeyo sayenera kuwerama mutu wake posamalira mbewu, ndipo kubzala kumatha kukonzedwa m'mashelufu:
Chimango cha "nyumba" yobiriwira chija chimadzaza kapena chatsekedwa ndi ma cellular polycarbonate. Mutha kumangitsa filimuyo. Denga la gable ndi mwayi wofunikira, chifukwa chipale chofewa sichimangokhala pamalo okwerera ndikuyenda pansi. Chifukwa cha izi, palibe katundu wowonjezereka pamtunda wakapangidwe omwe adapangidwa. Ubwino wa nyumba yobiriwira nthawi zonse simalipira zovuta zonsezo - mtengo wokwera, zovuta zomangamanga ndi kutayika kwakukulu kwa kutentha komwe kumachitika kudzera kumpanda wakumpoto. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuwonjezera kuphatikiza ndi mapanelo, koma izi zimathandizanso pamitengo yapamwamba yokonzekera.
Kusankha kwanyumba yobiriwira yokhala ndi makoma okhazikika ndikothandiza kwambiri kwa iwo omwe ali ndi masamba omwe amatha kusonkhanitsa nyumbayo ndi manja awo. Njira imodzi yotchuka yochepetsera mtengo wa zomangamanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafelemu achikale pakupanga chimango ndikukhazikitsa matabwa osavuta ngati maziko. Kugwiritsa ntchito filimu ya pulasitiki sikungaganizidwe kuti ndi njira yabwino yopulumutsira, chifukwa Zokha pazokha sizikhala ndi nthawi yochepa komanso zoonekeratu kuti sizingafanane ndi galasi, makamaka polycarbonate.
Ntchito yomanga polycarbonate imapezekanso. Imasonkhanitsidwa ndikuyiyika kale pamalopo. Wogula atha kusankha magawo omwe angafune malinga ndi mitundu ya mbewu zomwe akufuna kuti akwaniritse. Kuti mukhale ndi microclimate yabwino, malo obiriwira omwe ali ndi zenera. Mukakhazikitsa nyumbayi, mutha kuikonza pomakumba pansi pomwe maziko ake ndi zida, koma njerwa ngakhalenso matabwa ndi yodalirika kwambiri
Njira # 2 - zomangira
Wobiriwira mwanjira ya lancet arch ndi mawonekedwe ovuta. Zoyipa zake zazikulu ndikuti ndizovuta kwambiri kupanga ndikusonkhana ndi manja anu, mosiyana ndi "nyumba" yachikhalidwe. Zovuta zimakhazikika pakukhomera zitsulo pazomangamanga, komanso ndikazidula. Magalasi sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa samapinda, chifukwa zomwe zilipo ndi filimu ndi polycarbonate.
Nthawi zambiri, nyumba zosanja zokongola zimakonzedwa. Uku ndikugula kwodula, koma kuli koyenera, chifukwa mwiniwakeyo amapeza mawonekedwe othandiza kuposa "nyumba".
Kukhazikitsa nyumba yanu yobiriwira palokha ndizovuta, koma ndizotheka. Kanemayo akufotokoza momwe amapangira chipilala chamiyala yamatabwa ndi manja anu:
Zipinda zosanjidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri osati mnyumba zambiri zamaluwa. Maofesi am'mafakitala akumanga ndendende mawonekedwe awa. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kubzala mbewu, kukonza, kusungira ngakhale kukonza. Zonse zimatengera kukula kwake komanso kapangidwe ka nyumbayo. Ntchitoyi imasankhidwa potengera kuchuluka kwa mbewu, mtundu wa mbewu, njira yomwe akulima komanso malo.
Mawonekedwe ake amakulolani kupanga nyumba zobiriwira zazitali kutalika kuposa momwe mapangidwe okhala ndi makhoma ofukula amafunikira. Amakhala bwino kukana katundu wam'mphepo ndipo, koposa zonse, ayititsenso kuwala kulowa mchipindacho.
Wobiriwira ndi kapangidwe ka 2 mita ndi 3 m mulifupi.Utali udzagamulidwa ndi mwiniwakeyo, kuyang'ana pa zosowa zake. Wowonjezera kutentha amakukula pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zina. Pali zenera padenga. Chojambulachi chimakhala ndi magawo apadera omwe amasiyanitsa zikhalidwe ndi inzake. Izi zimapangitsa kuti nthawi imodzi izikhala mitundu yambiri ya mbewu. Kusintha "Solar nyumba T12" kumalimbitsidwa chifukwa cha gawo locheperako la arcs - 1 m
Zovuta zakunyumba zobiriwira momwe zimapangidwira lancet zimaphatikizaponso chiopsezo cha ming'alu padenga pamadenga akuthwa ndi chipale chofewa. Chipale chofewa nthawi zambiri chimayenera kutsukidwa ndi manja, monga imathiridwa pansi kwambiri kuposa padenga latsamba la "nyumba". Ngati wosanjikiza ndi wandiweyani, denga silitha kupirira.
Palinso zoletsa pazokhazikitsidwa kwa malo amkati. Ndikosavuta kuyika mashelufu, poyimitsa, ndi zina zambiri. Mukamasamalira mbewu, eni ake nthawi zonse amakhala osavuta. Zonsezi ndi mavuto osasinthika, koma posankha pakati pa arch ndi "nyumba" ndikofunikira kuganizira zonse, poganizira zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo.
Mwa malo omanga nyumba omata, nyumba za Solar House ndi Tsar's House ndizodziwika kwambiri. Zojambulajambula za "Royal House" zimawonetsedwa mu kanema:
Njira # 3 - wowonjezera kutentha wokhala ndi makhoma
Nyumba zosanja zomwe zili ndi makoma omwe ali pakona zimayimira nyumba zomwe zimawoneka ngati "nyumba" zomwe zikuwoneka bwino, komanso zipilala pakugwira ntchito komanso kothandiza. M'nyumba zobiriwira zoterezi, makoma amamangidwa ndi kakhalidwe mkati mkati kakang'ono. Chifukwa cha izi, mazikowo amawonjezeka, ngati chipilala, chomwe chimapereka malo ambiri pokonzekera mabedi. Kutalika kwa kapangidwe kake kungakhale kochepera poyerekeza ndi "nyumba".
Ubwino wosakayikira wa polojekiti yotere ndi mwayi wopanga nyumba yobiriwira ndi manja anu popanda zovuta zapadera, chifukwa simuyenera kuti mumange chimango. Galasi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa, incl. ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito polycarbonate, filimu. Ubwino wina ndi denga la "kudziyeretsa". Mosasamala kanthu kapangidwe ka denga, ndibwino kukhazikitsa zenera la mpweya wabwino ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka. Zoyipa zamapangidwewo ndizoletsa pomwe mukukhazikitsa mashelufu pamakoma chifukwa chokonda.
Mukamawerengera nyumba zosanja zomwe zili ndi makhoma oterera, muyenera kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa malo otsetsereka. Ngati ngodya imasankhidwa molakwika kapena mpweya wabwino sunaperekedwe, ndiye kuti mpweya wonyowa umatha kudziunjikira pansi padenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchulukitsa kwa tizilombo, bowa, nkhungu, timabowo. “Madera” amenewa akhoza kuwononga mbewu
Njira # 4 - wowonjezera kutentha wokhala padenga lapa
Kapangidwe kake kamene kali ndi denga lanyumba ndi mtundu wa wowonjezera kutentha wokhala ndi makhoma ofowoka, m'malo mwake, padenga lamatayala, amaikiratu khoma. Amatha kunyamula katundu molongosoka, chisanu sichitha pa iye.
Denga la attic limapereka malo ambiri pamwamba pamutu kuyerekeza ndi arched. Palibenso zina, apo ayi malo obiriwira oterewa ali ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zofanana ndi miyambo yokhala ndi madenga a gable. Ma shelufu ndi ma racks a chomera chobiriwira mitengo yambiri titha kuyikapo khoma.
Mukasankha pamadenga padenga, muyenera kuganizira mozama za mtundu uti womwe ungakhale wabwino. Denga la mansard limawoneka ngati lopindulitsa, koma nthawi zambiri silofunikira. Koma mapangidwe amafunikira kuwerengera kowonjezera, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa zida. Mwiniwake ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti ndalamazo zilipira.
Ndondomeko iti yazowonjezera kutentha ndiyabwino?
Mitundu yomwe yalongosoledwa ya greenhouse imapezeka nthawi zambiri, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana siyokhala nayo. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi zopindulitsa, cholinga, mawonekedwe. Mukamasankha kapangidwe, mawonekedwe, zida, muyenera kuganizira zambiri. Timapereka ndemanga zatsatanetsatane kuchokera kwa katswiri. Kuyerekeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zida za malo obiriwira zingathandize kudziwa kusankha bwino kwa mawonekedwe:
Ngati mwayerekezera nyumba zobiriwira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikusankha yoyenera, mutha kuyambitsa kusaka. Chinsinsi chochepa kwa ogulitsa: kufunikira kwa malo obiriwira akukwera kumapeto kwa chirimwe ndi chilimwe, kotero kuti nthawi yozizira amatha kugulidwa pamtengo.
Pogula, musadalire apakati ndi ogulitsa, yesani kugula wowonjezera kutentha mwachindunji kwa wopanga. Onetsetsani kuti mwawerengera zamakalata aukadaulo, onetsetsani kasinthidwe kazomwe mwayitanitsa. Mukamatsatira malangizo osavuta awa, mumawonjezera mwayi wanu wogula wowonjezera kutentha womwe angakusangalatseni ndi masamba komanso zipatso zaka zambiri.
