Palembali ndi maluwa a banja la Asteraceae ochokera ku Southern Europe. Zomera za grassy nthawi zambiri zimamera ngati udzu m'minda, mitengo, mitengo yamatchire. Chifukwa cha zokongola za anthu wamba olima ma mpunga, mbewu zimamera chifukwa cha sukulu pamasukulu, pasukulu zamaphunziro, pasukulu yampikisano ndi m'minda yamasamba. Ku Russia, Centaurea imalumikizidwa ndi buluu wakumwamba, koma mwachilengedwe pali lilac, chikasu, pinki, oyera komanso osiyanasiyana. Mitundu itatu: nkhalango za paini, Dubyansky, Taliev, adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Chiyambitsi cha maluwa a chimanga
Maluwa a mpendaku adatenga dzina lawo kuchokera ku liwu lachi Greek "basilikon", lomwe limatanthawuza "chikhalidwe chachifumu". Mtengowu umatchedwa kuti Slavs ya Kumwera, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe pamwambo wamaliro ndi miyambo yamaliro. Tanthauzo Lachilatini lotanthauza kuti, “mabulosi am'magazi” amatchedwa "maluwa otentha" amatanthauza "maluwa zana achikasu."
Mtundu wamafuta
"Centaurea" ya botanical imabwerekedwa kuchokera ku liwu Lachi Greek "kentaureion", tanthauzo lake limagwirizanitsidwa ndi centaur Chiron, mchiritsi wa nthano yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso pakuchiritsa kwazomera za herbaceous, kuphatikizapo maluwa akuthengo.
Kufotokozera kwamaluwa
Kunja, mphukira zimawoneka ngati zitsamba zokongola kapena zowongoka zotalika mpaka 120 cm, masamba amakula mosiyana, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe kapena owumbika, mawonekedwe amitengo yama inflorescence. Bare kapena pubescent scaly wrappers amakonda kukula m'magulu awiri kapena zinthu zina panicle ndi corymbose inflorescence. Maluwa m'mphepete amawapindapinda kuti akhale mabowo a tubular.
Kafotokozedwe ka mizu yamaluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana amaonetsa mawonekedwe:
- kukhalapo kwa mizu yambiri;
- ndodo yolimba;
- njira zazitali zaz nthambi;
- nthambi zazifupi;
- mizu yokhazikika.
Kwa mawu. Kusiyanitsa pakati pachaka, zamitundu iwiri, zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Ubwino wa buluu wamtundu wabuluu ndiwokulira: monga chomera cha uchi, chomeracho chimakopa mungu wochokera m'mabedi amaluwa kapena zipatso, chidziwitso chogwiritsira ntchito diuretic chimapangitsa kugwiritsira ntchito maluwa popanga mankhwala othandizira kulimbana ndi matenda a impso. Fungo lolemera la pamakhala pachikhalidwe lidadziwika pakati pa akatswiri odziwa kupanga zodzikongoletsera komanso zodzikongoletsera. Mafuta ofunikira amatulutsa chimbudzi, sangalalani.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamafuta
Mtundu wa chimanga wa banja la Astrov uli ndi mitundu 500. Zomera zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana pa tsinde, kapangidwe ka maluwa (terry, osati terry) ndi mtundu wa mizu. Munda wofala kwambiri, dimba, dambo, mitundu yamtundu wa mpunga.
Kuphatikiza kowoneka bwino kwamitundu yamitundu
Maluwa akutchire
Mphukira wamtchire ndizosavuta kuzindikira pachithunzi chotalika masentimita 80, ndikukhala ndi maluwa owala amtambo. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira ndi owonda. Chikhalidwe cha biennial nthawi zambiri chimapezeka paminda za rye ku Russia.
Mukusiyanasiyana kwa Chingerezi, gawo la chimanga cha mabulosi limayimira pambali pa duwa la Black Ball lomwe lili ndi mtanga wa tokoleti. Mitundu ya Blue Diadem ndiyotchuka kwambiri ndi masamba olemera a masamba, omwe amatengedwa ngati maziko opanga nsalu yakucha, Florence Pink ndi chitsamba chowoneka bwino chautoto wapinki.
Kalasi yachikasu
Centaurea wokhala ndi mutu waukulu amatanthauzira kuchokera ku Latin ngati ma maluwa azikasu 100. Mu vivo, munthu amapezeka ku Siberia, Kamchatka, ndi Urals. Mitundu yobzala zakutchire imakongoletsa minda ndi chimanga (tirigu, rye, fulakesi) ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Malo omwe mbewuyo imabadwira ndi Mediterranean. Maluwa amakula mpaka 1-1,5 m kutalika, amapanga inflorescence zazikulu. Kupaka chikaso chowala kapena chikaso chopepuka. Diyalo - masentimita 7. Chifukwa cha madengu akulu, chikhalidwe chimasokonezeka ndi nthula.
Zosangalatsa. Mu wowerengeka mankhwala, chikasu chimatumba amapatsidwa mankhwala mankhwalawa chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti.
Maluwa pinki
Mitundu ya Baby Pink (yotanthauziridwa ngati khanda la pinki) imakondweretsa okonda zomera zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa ofiira apinki kapena amitundu iwiri. Mitundu ya dambo imathanso kukongoletsa maluwa ndi maluwa oyera, ofiirira, ndi ma pinki. Zosatha kumera mpaka masentimita 80. Pazitali zazitali pali masamba obiriwira ophimbidwa ndi mkaka fluff.
Choyera mbewa
Mwachilengedwe, mphukira zoyera zimakonda kupezeka m'malo amiyala ku Caucasus ndi Northern Iran. Chikhalidwecho chimakhala chamtunda woweta masentimita 55. Masamba otsika petiole samasulidwa, kupaka utoto wamtambo wakuda pamtunda, ndipo gawo lamunsi la tsamba limapukutidwa.
Ma inflorescence a chimanga ndi oyera pomwe, amakhala ndi mainchesi 4. Pakati pa mitundu ikuluikulu ya alimiwo, a John Coutts amasiyanitsidwa, omwe ali ndi inflorescence zazikulu zojambulidwa ndi utoto wofewa wa pinki m'mphepete. Zomera zimayambira mu Julayi mpaka Sepemba.
Zosiyanasiyana zam'mawa
Pa maluwa osatha a chimanga okhala ndi kutalika kwakum'mawa kwa masentimita 120, maluwa akuluakulu achikasu amakula. Zomwe zimayambira pachikhalidwecho ndizambiri. Zosiyanasiyana ndizokongoletsa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mabedi a maluwa aku Russia.
Maluwa a chimanga
Utoto wamtambo
Malo apadera pamalonda amtundu wamtundu wofiirira amapatsidwa mitundu ya Amberboa musky - chomera chapachaka 70cm chotalika ndi fungo lokoma. Tsinde ndi nthambi, masamba owala ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa seva. Dengu limapangidwa ndi maluwa ooneka ngati utoto wokhala ndi mbali zokumbira. Malo omwe munthu amakula amakambirana nthawi yomwe mbewu izikhala ndi nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri imapanga masamba kuyambira Juni mpaka Okutobala. Chomera chimatha chilala.
Phrygian (Centaurea phrygia) mpendadzuwa - mbewu zosatha zomwe zimakonda ku Russia, chifukwa cha zabwino zingapo:
- kukula kwake kwakukulu - 30-130 cm;
- maluwa akulu, 5 cm;
- masamba apakati;
- omanga pamwamba ndi mawonekedwe apakhungu ndi zoyipa zakuda.
Mitundu yabodza ya Frygian imawoneka ngati Frygian. Kusiyanako kuli mwa mtundu wa bulauni wa zowonjezera ndi kusakhalapo kwa constriction pamasamba a wrapper. Maluwa a obalalika a Centaurea preudophrygia amawonedwa mchilimwe komanso kugwa koyambirira. Chimakula pakati pa Russia.
Mitundu yofiira
Chomera cha pachaka chimapezeka mu steppe ndi malo olima, chikuwoneka bwino kuchokera kuzombo zazing'ono zouluka pamtunda wa 1 km. Zimayambira chilili, nthambi kuchokera pansi. Masamba amakhala odzala, amphaka. Mtengowo uli ndi wofiirira komanso wofiirira, wotuwa pinki, wowoneka bwino padzuwa. Maluwa amatenga Meyi-June.
Zosangalatsa. Centaurea tchihatcheffii amatulutsa chidwi cha taxonomic pakupanga ma petals owala ndi mawonekedwe odulidwa. Zomera zakutchire komanso zadothi zobiriwira zimamera mpaka 40-50 cm.
Maluwa a Centaurea tchihatcheffii
Tikufika
Mitundu yayikulu ya mabulosi a chimanga amagawika m'magulu awiri: xerophytes ndi mesophytes.
Zoyambazo zili ndi gawo lofunikira: amalephera kubereka atadyetsedwa kwambiri mutabzala ndikukula panthaka yachonde. Xerophytes amakonda kukhala malo ovuta. Amakula bwino pamchenga wopanda kanthu, amapita phula ndi simenti. M'mundamo, mchenga komanso malo opanda kanthu amapatsidwa duwa, kutsatira lamulo lalikulu: dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira ndikukhala ndi madzi abwino, komanso kupuma. Dothi la Acidic silololedwa. Musanadzafese, ndikofunikira kuti pH ikhale ndi ufa wa dolomite ndi laimu.
Kwa mawu. Ma Mesophytes ndi mbewu zodyetsa bwino (chimanga cha mphero, zofewa, Phrygian), zimakonda nthaka yonyowa. Acidity tikulimbikitsidwa kulowererapo.
Malo abwino
Kubzala maluwa a chimanga, malo ena osefukira ndi dzuwa ndi abwino. Kupititsa patsogolo kukongoletsa, mpesa zamtchire zobzalidwa ndizobzalira ndi zitsamba zina zosaphimbidwa panthaka. Mabasi omwe amayikidwa m'mphepete adzalandira kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa ndikuwonjezera kukana ndi matenda, kuyamba kuchulukana bwino, kubzala ndi kukula sikubweretsa zovuta.
Njira zatsiku ndi tsiku
Kufesa mbewu
Sikoyenera kukonzekera mbande za mbewu ya chinangwa - mbewu zimamera bwino pofesa mbewu panthaka. Nthawi yabwino yodzala mbewu ndi Epulo kapena Sepemba. Dothi limamasulidwa koyamba ndipo mabowo a mbewu 1.5 cm mwakuya amapangidwa.
Mtunda pakati pa mizere ya mitundu yayikulu ndi 10 cm (mutha kujambula chithunzi) - panthawi yomwe akuwonetsedwa, anthu azithandizana akamakula. Mukabzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pakati pa mabowo omwe amalimbana ndi 20 cm - tchire tating'ono timakhala ndi mwayi wopukutira ndi kukulira m'lifupi. Kusowa kwa malo achitukuko kumayambitsa kufooka kwa maluwa, zimayambira zimayamba kucheperachepera, masamba amakula pang'ono ndi kuzimiririka.
Zofunika! Zilichonse zobzalidwa masika zimaphuka pakatha miyezi iwiri. Nthanga zofesedwa kumayambiriro kwa Novembala zimakondweretsa ndi mitundu yowala ya inflorescence kwa chaka chachiwiri.
Terry cornflower mbewu
Magawano mabasi
Mphukira zokhala ndi chimanga zili ndi mphamvu zokulitsa komanso kutaya zinthu zokongoletsera, kugawa ndikubzala chitsamba kamodzi pa zaka zitatu zithandizira kupewa izi. Mukamalekanitsa zipatso za mpesa zam'munda, tchire lokhala ndi masamba atatu limayikidwa m'malo atsopano, ndikuwona malo a 20-50 cm.
Tcherani khutu! Tchire la mpesa limalimba bwino podzilimitsa, ngati mutasiya zitsamba pachitsamba kuti ziume.
Kusamalira mpesa zam'munda
Kutengera mitundu, nthawi yomwe mabalawo amakula nthawi imodzi imafika zaka 10. Anthu osakhazikika nthawi yozizira popanda pogona, amalimbana ndi chisanu chambiri (opanga ambiri moyenera amakongoletsa ma jekete otentha ndi ma mpesa wambewu. Komabe, kuthirira kwambiri, kusayenda kwamadzi pamalopo, chinyezi chambiri cha dothi - adani akuluakulu a chikhalidwe, kudzutsa matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Njira yothirira
Maluwa atchire samaloleza madzi ambiri, ngakhale mitundu yokonda chinyezi imamera bwino ndikuthilira pang'ono padziko lapansi.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kudyetsa chimanga ndi Kristallin kumatenga nthawi ya maluwa. Nthawi zambiri zoyendetsera ntchito - kawiri / mwezi. Manyowa pachikhalidwe powerengera 20-30 g / m². Kuchulukitsa kwa mankhwalawa kumayambitsa chikaso cha masamba ndi kufa kwa mbewu.
Mixborder ndi zopangidwa pachaka
Ngati muwapatsa zipatso za mpesazo mosamala, maluwa onenepa amatha nthawi yayitali amapatsa kukongola ndi kusangalatsa kwa eni ake. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zimabzalidwa m'minda yamagulu, mosiyana ndi masamba akulu oyera, mabelu ndi miyala. Zomera zimawoneka bwino mumachubu ndi maluwa a volumetric. Maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula komanso m'minda yamiyala.
