Mwini aliyense aliyesa kuyesa kukongoletsa ndi kukongoletsa, kukonza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya flowerbeds ndi mixborders. Mwachibadwidwe, zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa zomera zoyambirira, zomwe cineraria amakhulupirira. Amayamikiridwa ndi wamaluwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu, zina mwa zomwe tidzatha kudziwa, komanso kuphunzira momwe tingamere bwino mbewuyi pamtunda.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Zilumba za Canary ndi chilumba cha Madagascar zimatchula dzina la dziko lakwawo la chomera chosachiritsikachi, ndipo apo ndi apo adalandira kufalikira kwake. Cineraria, iye ndi mulungu wamulungu,ndi chomera chosatha, cha banja la Astrov, ndi shrub yobiriwira. Maluwa a chomera ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana malingana ndi kalasi. Masambawo ndi aakulu, petiolate, osakanizidwa, ndi mawonekedwe a nthenga, tsinde ndi masamba ali ndi malo abwino.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Msikayo akukopa chidwi cha obereketsa ndi wamaluwa. Mpaka pano, pali mitundu 1300 ya kukongola kwakukulu uku, ngakhale kuti pakuchita zozizwitsa, anthu khumi ndi awiri ali otchuka. Ngakhale kuti pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cineraria muli zomera za kulima, zowonjezereka, zomwe zimabzalidwa poyera. Mitundu itatu yofala kwambiri ya chikhalidwe ichi ndi:
- ndalama;
- Cineraria ndi yokongola;
- cineraria magazi.
Mitundu iliyonse ya cineraria imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana ndipo ili ndi zizindikiro zake ndi zomwe ndikufuna kuti ndizikhalamo mwatsatanetsatane.
Silver Cineraria, kapena monga amatchedwa - nyanja, Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa mbewu, sunagwiritsidwe ntchito mu flowerbeds chabe ya anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe, komanso m'mapaki a m'tawuni. Mitunduyi, ngakhale imakhala yosatha, nthawi zambiri imakula pamtunda monga chaka, chifukwa cha chisanu. Masamba osadziwika a mulungu wamchere amaposa kwambiri maluwa osadziwika kwambiri. Masamba a shrub ndi ofiira, koma amadzaza ndi timitengo tambirimbiri tomwe timapatsa dzina. Masambawo amasonkhana mwamphamvu mu rosettes pafupi ndi tsinde, zomwe zimabweretsa chitsamba chomwe chikuwoneka ngati mpira wa siliva. Ndi mbali iyi yomwe imapangitsa siliva cineraria kutchuka ndi minda ya maluwa ndi mabedi.
Mu malo okongoletsera, makamaka gwiritsani ntchito mitundu iwiri ya zomera izi:
- Cirrus - Zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zitsamba zazikulu, zophimbidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu odulidwa ndi m'mphepete mwake. Mtundu wa masambawo umakhala ngati mulungu wa m'nyanja, siliva, kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi 40-45 masentimita.
- Dothi la siliva (Silver Dust) - zosiyanasiyana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malire, njira, mabedi a m'munda. Kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi chaching'ono - pafupifupi masentimita 25, masambawo ndi obiriwira ndi mulu wonyezimira wa mtundu wofiirira. Ndizowonekera bwino masamba, ngati kuti ali ndi chisanu, amachititsa chidwi anthu okonza masewerawa komanso olima maluwa amaluwa kuti azisintha.
Cineraria ndi yokongola (Cineraria elegans) ndi mtundu wina wokhala ndi chifundo chachikulu kwa okonda maluwa. Kukula ngati pachaka. Ndikongola chifukwa, mosiyana ndi siliva, ili ndi maluwa okongola, omwe amachititsa kuti azikongoletsera. Masamba ndi ofiirira, okongola ndi otetezeka, maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera, ofiira, ofiirira. Chomeracho ndi chachikulu - 60-90 masentimita, ndi tsinde lamphamvu, nthambi zambiri, imamasula mofulumira nthawi yonse ya maluwa, yomwe imayamba mu June ndipo imatha mpaka chisanu choyamba.
Pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya krestovnik wamaluwa okonda amakonda awiri:
- Nanus - zitsamba zosapitirira 25 masentimita, zomwe zimadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri a mtundu wofewa wofiira, pakati pa burgundy core.
- Ligulosus - Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, makamaka yotchuka popanga flowerbeds kuti ikhale yobiriwira maluwa, imakhala ndi maluwa awiri a mithunzi yosiyanasiyana: yoyera, yofiira, lilac.
Cineraria wamagazi (wosakanizidwa)- ngakhale kuti dzina lake ndi lotchuka, chitsamba ndi chokongola komanso chodziwika ngakhale kwa anthu kutali ndi floriculture. Mitunduyi imaperekedwa mumasitolo ambirimbiri. Mtundu wapadera wa mitundu iyi ndi maluwa ambiri: maluwa okongola a zomera, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu maambulera, amapanga mtambo wowala pamwamba pa shrub. Yang'anani bwino pamabedi, pamsewu wamaluwa, m'munda wamaluwa pafupi ndi nyumba.
Mitundu imeneyi imayimilidwanso ndi mitundu iŵiri yotchuka:
Mukudziwa? Masamba a cineraria wosakanizidwa kumbali yotsalira amakhala ndi nsalu zofiirira, chifukwa chake amatchedwa magazi.
- Grandiflora - chitsamba chozungulira cha kutalika kwa pafupifupi masentimita 50. Maluwawo ndi aakulu, maonekedwe amafanana ndi camomile yofiira ndi maluwa ofiira.
- Stellata - high fluffy zitsamba (70-90 masentimita) ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono monga mawonekedwe a asterisks, omwe amachititsa dzina la zosiyanasiyana.
Kumene angabzala cineraria
Monga chomera china chilichonse, mulungu amayenera kusankha malo abwino odzala, ndikuganizira cholinga chake chokongoletsera, nkhaniyi iyenera kuganiziridwa bwino.
Komanso, mukhoza kubzala zitsamba zokongoletsera pa tsamba lanu monga: vervain apelnaya, zokongoletsera zokongoletsera, Indian chrysanthemum, redrose, almond almond, bookfoil, honeysuckle, boumald's spirea, chubushnik, weigela, jamellia ndi magnolia
Kuunikira ndi malo
Monga mitundu yambiri yamaluwa yokongola, cineraria sakonda kutentha, motero, posankha malo oti abzalidwe mbewuyi, muyenera kusamala kuti malowa sali kuwala kwa dzuwa nthawi zonse. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuti maluwa azikhala bwino, zomera zimasowa kuwala kwambiri, kuyambira pano ndikuwona malo omwe akuyang'ana kum'mawa akhoza kukhala abwino kwambiri.
Kukula nthaka
Pamene mukukula mbande za cineraria, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yosakaniza yokhazikika pambali, tsamba, mchere komanso peat. Komanso, chifukwa chodzala mbande za zomera pamalo otseguka, sizikusowa kusamalira dera la nthaka. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yachilengedwe, yotayirira, yonyowa komanso yathanzi.
Ndikofunikira! Mukakulungira kumalo otseguka, mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa bwino ndi dothi lopangidwa bwino lomwe mbande imakula.
Kubalanso ndi kubzala
Kwa alimi odziwa bwino, kulima cineraria sikungakhale kovuta, chifukwa kubereka kwake kumachitika mwachizolowezi kwa maluwa onse: kuchokera ku mbewu ndi zomera.
Mbewu
Njira yaikulu yofalitsira mabwalo ndi mbewu. Mbewu ya mbande chifukwa chodzala malo otseguka amafesedwa m'nyengo yozizira, kuti pakhazikitsidwe nyengo yofunda (nthawi zambiri mapeto a May), n'zotheka kuika mbande kumalo.
Kotero, kufesa kwa mbewu, kotero, kumachitika mu February. Kusakaniza kwa nthaka kumakonzedwa m'matangi, omwe amaphatikizapo tsamba la masamba ndi sod, manyowa, ndi mchenga. M'bokosilo nkofunikira kupanga mabowo kuti asapezeke chinyezi. Pamwamba pa dziko lapansi ayenera kuwerengedwera, mbewu zimabzalidwa kuchokera pamwamba, palibe chifukwa choziwongolera m'nthaka, chifukwa ndizochepa kwambiri. Mutabzala mbeu, nthaka iyenera kukhala yochepa komanso yosakanizidwa. Pofuna kupanga kachilombo kabwino kameneka kabuku kamene kali ndi filimu.
Ndikofunikira! Kwa ulimi wothirira mbewu ndi mbande, zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsira ntchito njira yoperekera kuthirira kapena kuthira madzi pamwamba pa botolo lachitsulo kapena kuthirira madzi.
Mphukira yoyamba ya mbande kuonekera, monga lamulo, mu sabata. Patangopita milungu iwiri, masamba oyambirira akaonekera pa mbande, amaikidwa m'magawo osiyana ndipo amasiyidwa m'malo osungika kwa masiku angapo, kenako amabwezeretsedwa ku chipinda chabwino. Kusamaliranso kwa mbande ndi kwa nthawi yake kuthirira ndi feteleza feteleza kamodzi masiku khumi.
Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyengo yofunda, mbande zimabzalidwa pamtunda ndi tchire la pansi mu mabowo okonzedwa patali pafupifupi masentimita 25 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake.
Njira zamasamba
Njira yomangiriza cineraria imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Njirayi si yophweka ndipo imakhala yosangalatsa, ndi yabwino kwa zomera. Ndi cuttings mungathe kufalitsa nyanja zasiliva cineraria. Kuti muchite izi, dulani nyemba 10 cm yaitali kuchokera ku chomera chachikulu ndikuchima chomera mu nthaka yokonzeka.
Kuphatikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito plywood box ndi mbali zochepa. Msempha imatsanulidwira mmenemo kuyambira pansi ndi mchenga wa mtsinje, kuchokera pamwamba ukuphimba chisakanizo ndi mchenga wowonjezera. Kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tikuyenera kutsanulira ndi mankhwala a potaziyamu permanganate.
Dulani zidutswa zazitsamba mu nthaka ndikupanga wowonjezera kutentha mpaka mbewuyo ikhale mizu. Kuti mupange wowonjezera wowonjezera kutentha, mungagwiritse ntchito makapu omwe amasungunuka. Kuthirira kumachitika kawiri pa tsiku. Mphamvu ndi zomera sizingasiyidwe dzuwa. Pambuyo pa mizu ya cuttings, nkofunika kuti ayambe kuuma kuti asafere pansi. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani makapu kuchokera kwa iwo, poyamba kwa maola awiri patsiku, tsiku lirilonse likuwonjezera nthawi yawo panja.
Okonzeka zomera amaikidwa mu mabedi m'chaka. Amadikirira kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira.
Kusamalira chikhalidwe
Cineraria ndi zomera zosadzichepetsa, ngakhale munthu wosadziwa zambiri akulima nazo, lamulo lalikulu pomusamalira ndilokhazikika.
Kusamba madzi
Wogulitsa - Kuchokera ku nyengo yozizira, choncho, kukonda kwambiri chinyezi, motero, madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala tsiku ndi tsiku. M'nyengo yotentha, mungafunikire kuthirira madziwo ngakhale kawiri pa tsiku. Komabe, ndi chikondi chake chonse, cineraria yopanda kanthu, madzi ochepa pang'ono m'nthaka angayambitse mizu ndi maluwawo, choncho ndikofunika kumasula nthaka nthawi, ndikuyendetsa mpweya. Zomwe anakumana nazo wamaluwa amalimbikitsa osati kokha kuthirira mbewu, komanso kuthira masamba.
Kupaka pamwamba
Cineraria, monga chomera chilichonse, pali zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masamba, motsogoleredwa, ndikusowa chakudya. Nthaka imene duwa limakula, muyenera kumanga ndi feteleza mchere, kawiri kawiri pamwezi. Mu nthawi ya budding ndi maluwa, chomeracho, kuphatikizapo mchere feteleza, amafuna feteleza organic, omwe adzatalikitsa maluwa ndipo adzapulumutsa shrub ku kutopa. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kwa zomera zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zapadera.
Kudulira
Kukonza kwapadera kwa cineraria sikufuna, makamaka, kumapangidwira zokongoletsera. Kupanga chitsamba kungadulidwe masamba ena a zomera. Komanso chotsani masamba omwe akufa - izi ndi zofunika kuti muthe maluwa.
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale masamba ndi maluwa osadulidwa amachotsedwa ku siliva cineraria, chifukwa zimapweteka mawonekedwe a chomeracho chifukwa cha kudzikweza kwawo.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Zosavuta, centlearia cistaria ndi yovuta kwambiri ku matenda a maluwa. Chinthu chokha chomwe chiwopseza ndi powdery mildew bwino kwa pafupifupi zonse zokongola zomera. Mwatsoka, ngati chomeracho chikudwala, ndiye kuti chikhoza kudwala zitsamba zina, choncho ndibwino kuchotsa chomeracho, ndikuyesa zomera zabwino nthawi yake. Kupewa matendawa ndikulinganiza bwino ulimi ndi kuthirira nthaka, monga powdery mildew imachokera ku kuchuluka kwa chinyezi.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri sitingagwirizane ndi mulungu, makamaka malo omwe amakhala aphid komanso akangaude. Njira zogwirira ntchito ndizogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osakaniza ophera tizilombo.
Cineraria - chomera chodabwitsa chomwe chimaphatikizapo mwamphamvu ndi kukongola. Ndimodzichepetsa pa kulima ndi kusamalira ndikuwoneka bwino ngati kuphatikiza mabedi, komanso payekha. Mosakayikira, chikhalidwe ichi chikongoletsa munda, munda kapena malo ogona.
