Calendula (marigolds) ndi chomera chamadzi pachaka cha banja la Aster. Maluwa a Calendula ndi mankhwala opangira mankhwala, utoto wachilengedwe, womwe nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera m'malo mwa safironi. Zoweta zimabzala mitundu yayikulu-yamaluwa ndi tereti ndi mandimu achikasu, oyera, malalanje ndi ofiira. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane tanthauzo la udzu wa calendula, momwe ungakulire, kutola ndi kuugwiritsa ntchito molondola kuti ukhale wathanzi komanso wautali.
Duwa la Calendula: kufotokozera
Calendula ndi maluwa ofala kwambiri m'malo otentha pamakontinenti onse. Ndizokongoletsa, chitha kubzalidwa m'mabedi amaluwa, arabesques, mixborder ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbiya komanso chikhalidwe cham'nyumba. Fungo lochititsa chidwi lomwe limachokera ku tsinde ndi maluwa limatonthoza ndipo limatsitsimula.
Mapangidwe a maluwa a Calendula
Kukhazikika kwa udzu sikunadziwika. Mitengo yachilengedwe yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imapezeka kumadzulo kwa Europe, pagombe la Mediterranean komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia. Pali mitundu yosatha ya calendula.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi udzu kuyambira 20 mpaka 70 cm.Ngati dothi lomwe chomera chake chili chachilengedwe, ndiye kuti tchire limamera kwambiri ndipo m'mimba mwake limatha kufika 70-80 cm.Tiye tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane momwe calendula wamba amaonekera.
Mbewu za Marigold
Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa botanical, nthumwi zonse za mtundu wa Calendula ndizomera za herbaceous. Mphukira ndi zobiriwira mopepuka. Masamba ndi chowulungika, m'mphepete ngakhale, obiriwira owoneka bwino. Zigawo zonse za tchire zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi lopanga ma pubescence, omata komanso onunkhira pa mphukira, ochulukirapo kapena otchulidwa mosiyanasiyana. Dongosolo la mizu ndilofunikira.
Ma inflorescence ndi madengu a lalanje kapena mtundu wina, womwe umaphatikizapo tubular (pakatikati) ndi maluwa a mabango (pamakhala) okhala ndi ma pistil komanso stigmas. Pambuyo pakuchavulira, amapatsa njere. Maluwa a bango ndi osabereka. Mbewu za maluwa a calendula ndi osiyana mawonekedwe, ambiri opindika, imvi kapena mchenga. Zitha kudulidwamo pang'ono ndikuwuma pansi pa denga kapena m'nyumba.
Zambiri! Udzu wa Calendula m'munda umakonda kupha tizirombo tosokoneza thukuta, ndipo ma infusions amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tizirombo toyambitsa matenda tachilengedwe.
Pamene calendula limamasula
Kutengera mitundu, maluwa amatuluka patatha masiku 40-50 mutamera. Chifukwa chake, kuti mumvetsetse nthawi yamaluwa a calendula, muyenera kukumbukira tsiku lomwe limatuluka.
Nthawi zambiri tchire limaphukira kumapeto kwa Meyi, ndipo kutalika kwa maluwa kumawonedwa mu June. Pakadali pano, gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zambiri. Pambuyo pochotsa maluwa ena, mphukira zimapitiriza kukula ndikupanga masamba atsopano. Chifukwa chake, maluwa a calendula amapitilira chilimwe chonse mpaka nyengo yachisanu isanayambe.
Zothandiza pa calendula
Phindu la udzu limatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kazomwe mankhwala amapangira. Maluwa a chomera ali:
- carotenoids;
- mafuta ofunikira;
- salicylic acid;
- flavonoids;
- saponins;
- ma alkaloids ochepa.
Mtundu wama suppositories okhala ndi calendula wopanga "MosFarma"
Zomwe zimapangidwira zimazindikira zabwino za udzu wa calendula:
- bactericidal - yogwira motsutsana ndi streptococci ndi staphylococci;
- kuchiritsa bala;
- odana ndi yotupa;
- zoziziritsa kukhosi.
Mankhwala wowerengeka, misomali imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ya kulowetsamo madzi mkati kuti ipititse katulutsidwe am'mimba komanso ngati sedative. Kunja, mowa ndi zotsekemera za vodka, kulowetsedwa kwa madzi - kwa zotupa ndi zisa.
Mapiritsi a Marigold
Makampani ogulitsa mankhwala amapangira mafuta odzola ndi ma pini pamatumbo a marigold. Duwa ndi gawo la kukonzekera "Rotokan" kwa gargling. Zakudya zamafuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zilonda zamoto, zovuta kuchiritsa mabala ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Mankhwala "Kaleflon" ndi mankhwala ochepetsa ulcer, ma suppositories amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamisempha ya anus ndi zotupa, matenda achikazi. Mapiritsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda am'mimba thirakiti.
Tcherani khutu! Popeza zinthu zomwe zimagwira ndi zamphamvu, pali zotsutsana pa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuchokera ku marigolds.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya calendula munda osatha
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu 12 mpaka 20 - oimira mtundu wa Calendula. Kuti apange zokongoletsera, obereketsa amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya mseto. Zodziwika bwino ndi mitundu iwiri - Medicical and Field, yomwe im mungu mungu ndi ma calendula a mitundu iwiri (bicolor), Moroccan ndi mitundu ina.
Calendula wamphepo yayikulu-yosakhazikika ya calendula simalola nyengo kuzizira -10 ° C.
Zofunika! Kusunga maluwawo, mu kugwa amawaika mu timbale ndikuwasinthira khonde lowoneka bwino, m'malo obiriwira kapena pawindo.
Calendula Field(Calendulaarvensis)
Yogawidwa m'minda yakumwera kwa Europe ngati chomera, chomwe chimafalikira m'misewu, m'nkhalangozi mwa kufalitsa mbewu.
Mabasi 45-50 masentimita okwera, masamba obiriwira owala, owala. Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi lalanje, osavuta, ndi mainchesi a 1.5-2 cm.
Calendula officinalis(Calendula officinalis)
Mitundu yambiri ya marigold.
Maluwa amatha kukhala achikasu, mandimu kapena kuyera. Maluwa amkati mwa Midiya amakhala amdima kuposa maluwa a bango kapena ofanana mtundu. Maluwa m'mimba mwake kuchokera 2 mpaka 6 cm.
Pazifukwa zamankhwala, kusonkhanitsa kwa maluwa kumachitika panthawi yomwe awululidwa kwathunthu. Zida zowuma zimayikidwa pansi pa denga, zimasungidwa m'matumba osaposa chaka chimodzi.
Mitundu ina
Chimodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka ndi Empress. Amakhala ndi maluwa owirikiza kawiri mpaka masentimita 10. Mtundu wa ma petalswo umachokera ku chikasu chakuda mpaka kuwala lalanje, kutalika kwa mbewuzo ndi masentimita 45. Chikhalidwechi chimawonetsera zosakanikirana, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe apamwamba pamabedi aminda, m'mbale ndi timachubu.
Geisha zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ngati chrysanthemum. Mitundu ya lalanje imakhala ndi malangizo ofiira. Pakatikati pa duwa pali malo ofiirira komanso akuda.
Terry zosiyanasiyana ndi miyala yamitundu mitundu - calendula Sonnenstein.
Mfumukazi
Geisha
Sonnstein
Calendula: Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera
Kubzala ndi kusamalira maluwa sikovuta, mtengowo ndiwofatsa. Tisanthula mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungabzalire calendula molondola.
Kukula pang'ono kwa mbewu
Mukakulitsa nthangala, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa nthawi yodzala calendula. Mphukira zimatha kulekerera chisanu chowala -1 ... 2 ° C. Ndikwabwino kubzala misomali panthaka yophukira, nthaka ikatentha mpaka 12-14 ° C.
Kulengera sikovuta. Mizere yakuya kwa masentimita 4-6 imapangidwa pabedi.Mbewu zofesedwa munthaka yonyowa m'mizere malinga ndi 12 cm masentimita pakati pa mizere ndi 5-6 masentimita motsatana.
Atangofesa, kuthirira sikumachitika, mmalo mwake, amaphimba mundawo ndi wokutira pulasitiki. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masiku 4-7. Kutalika kwa mbewu kukafika pa 10 cm, tchire limasunthira kumalo okhazikika m'maluwa, maluwa kapena rabiki.
Yang'anani! Ngati nyemba imamera, misomayo ikhoza kufesedwa pamalo okhazikika, kudutsa bedi.
Poterepa, njirayo imamizidwa mu dothi lonyowa pamtunda wa 15-20 masentimita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, mutabzala nthaka ndikuwunjikana ndi peat.
Kukula mbande za calendula
Njira yokomera kubzala marigolds itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika kupeza maluwa oyambirira, komanso kumadera omwe ali ndi chilimwe pang'ono, monga ku Siberia.
Zaka za mbande zisanabzalidwe zikuyenera kukhala masiku 25-30, chifukwa chake kufesa kumachitika poganizira nthawi yomwe mbewuzo zimere, masiku 35 mpaka 40 tsiku lobzala lisanakhazikike.
Pofesa mbande tengani mabokosi kapena nyumba zosungira pulasitiki. Mbewu zofesedwa mzere wopitilira mpaka mainchesi 3-4. Mtunda pakati pa mizere ndi 10 cm.
Nthaka yokukula mbande ndi ponseponse ndi gawo lalikulu la humus. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mmera ndi 8-10 ° C. Zomera zazing'ono zimathiriridwa nthawi zonse, nthaka pakati pa mizere imamasulidwa.
Asanabzala, kuphatikiza ndi potaziyamu humate kumachitika. Nthawi yomweyo, mabokosi amatengedwa kuti akalimbikitse mpweya wotseguka, osiyidwa mumtunda wotseguka, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi yowonekera.
Zomwe muyenera kukula calendula
Dothi pamalo obzala limakonzedwa mu kugwa, ma turf ndi mizu yamsongole amachotsedwa. Bedi lamaluwa limadzaza ndi humus yambiri kapena manyowa owola. Zomera sizifunikira feteleza wa mchere.
Tcherani khutu! Kubweretsa manyowa owola pansi pa misomali mu kugwa ndipo nthawi yachilimwe imalola kuti pakhale mitu yama maluwa yamitundumitundu yamtundu uliwonse mpaka 10 cm yokhala ndi maluwa opitilira mosalekeza!
Kubzala kumachitika ndikuzama kwa kuchuluka kwa mizu. Katundu wokhala ndi masamba sayenera kuzama, mbewuyo ivutika. Pazifukwa zomwezo, wosanjikiza wa peat mulch mutabzala uyenera kukhala wocheperako, osaposa masentimita 3. Mutabzala, kuthirira kambiri kumachitika kawiri pa sabata.
Tikaunika komwe calendula amakulira m'chilengedwe, zimawonekeratu kuti mbewuyo imafunikira malo okhala ndi dothi losavomerezeka. Moyenera, ngati malowa ali ndi mpweya wabwino.
Ndi kudzikundikira kwa mpweya wadzaza ndi chinyezi, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha matenda. Calendula amakhala bwino ndi salvia, petunias, marigold. Simuyenera kubzala mbewu pafupi ndi timbewu tonunkhira ndi zina.
Kubzala duwa ndikusamalira calendula kumafuna kudya pafupipafupi. Popeza nthawi yamasamba achikhalidweyi ndi yayitali, nthawi ya chilimwe 2-3 ikuphatikiza feteleza wa organic kapena michere imaperekedwa pansi pake. Manyowa oyenera ovunda, humus, peat muyezo wa 5-6 makilogalamu pa 1 m² wamabedi. Potaziyamu humate ndi kufufuza zinthu, Reasil imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi othirira.
Mavuto Mukamakula Calendula
Ndiosavuta kwambiri kukula calendula, nthawi zina ndizotheka kuchepetsa kukula, kusiya maluwa, ndi matenda oyamba ndi udzu.
Powdery mildew pa calendula
Zoyenera kuchita ngati calendula ali ndi maluwa ang'ono? Maluwa ang'onoang'ono pazomera za marigold amawonetsa kusowa kwa feteleza wachilengedwe. Zinthu zosowa ziyenera kulowetsedwa.
Mumasuleni dothi la maluwa ndi udzu pambuyo kuthirira aliyense kuti muchepetse njira yogwiritsira ntchito nthaka m'nthaka ndikuwonjezera mwayi wofikira mizu.
Chikwangwani choyera kapena cha imvi pamasamba chimafotokoza ufa wa powdery. Zitangochitika, Topazi amayenera kuwaza ndi, pakatha masiku 10 aliwonse, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumayenera kuchitika pofuna kupewa matenda.
Ngati mudzala chomera chamaluwa ndi duwa lokongola la calendula m'munda, zimasintha, ndipo wokonda maluwa azitha kukonza thanzi lake ngati angafune. Kubzala chomera ndikusamalira potseguka sikovuta, ndipo maluwa amatha nthawi yayitali komanso ochulukirapo.
