M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha zovuta zachilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa a mankhwala a chemotherapy, ndi katemera, mndandanda wa matenda opatsirana ndi maonekedwe awo a zamasamba asintha kwambiri.
Mu nkhuku zamakono, matenda opatsirana, omwe amafalikira chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kulima nkhuku, mbalame zambiri m'madera ochepa, ndi zina zotero, zimayambitsa ngozi yaikulu.
Imodzi mwa matenda omwe amawononga kwambiri nyumba ndi pasteurellosis.
Kodi nkhuku pasteurellosis ndi chiyani?
Pasteurellosis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amatha kuchitika m'mawonekedwe ovuta, a subacute kapena osalekeza.
Nkhuku ndi nkhuku, komanso atsekwe, abakha, zinziri, ndi turkeys zimawopsa. Nkhuku zimakonda kwambiri pasteurellosis.
Mbalame zakalamba zimagonjetsedwa kwambiri. Atapulumuka, mbalameyo imakhala chonyamulira chamoyo cha moyo wonse. Pamene kukana kumachepa, kumayamba kufalitsa matendawa.
Mbiri yakale
Monga momwe ziwonetsero zimasonyezera, matendawa akhala akudziwika kwa anthu kwa nthawi yaitali, koma chikhalidwe chake chinakhazikitsidwa kokha m'zaka za zana la 19.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba pasteurellosis inafotokozedwa mu 1877 ndi D. Rivolt.
Chaka chotsatira, E.M. Zemmer anapeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ntchito zambiri zodziwika kuti pasteurellosis ndizochita ndi L. Pasteur.
Mu 1880, wasayansi anazindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo adatha kuchipeza mu chikhalidwe choyera. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake, ntchito yogwira ntchito prophylaxis inakhazikitsidwa.
Anali kulemekeza zomwe anapeza kuti dzinali linakhazikitsidwa. Pasterella.
Mbalame za Pasteurellosis m'mayiko onse padziko lapansi. Ku Russia, matendawa anapezeka m'zigawo zonse, ndipo chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri chidalembedwa pakatikati.
Foci pachaka amalembedwa m'malo angapo. Zinthu zikuipiraipira chifukwa chakuti osati nkhuku zokha komanso nyama zimakhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Kuwonongeka kwachuma n'kofunika. Nkhuku zodwala zimachepetsa kwambiri zokolola zawo.
Pakuyambika kwa matendawa, mbalame zimayenera kutumizidwa kukapha, kugula ndalama kugula achinyamata atsopano, ndikuchita zinthu zowononga komanso zosangalatsa. Chiwerengero cha ziŵerengero za mbalame - 90%, imfa zimawopsya mpaka 75% mwa iwo.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Pasteurellosis imapezeka chifukwa cha Pasteurella P. Haemolytica ndi P. Multocida, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Iwo ali padera, osapangana mkangano. Iwo amadziwika ndi kusinthasintha kwa mtundu wa bipolar m'magazi a magazi ndi ziwalo.
Popeza kuti P. Multocida ndi ofanana kwambiri, ndizofunika kusankha zovuta za katemera.
Pasteurella yomwe imayambitsa pasteurellosis, ikhoza kukhala moyo wautali mu nyama yozizira (mpaka chaka chimodzi), mu matupi (mpaka miyezi inayi), mochepera - m'madzi ozizira (masabata 2-3) ndi manyowa.
Zabwino kupha dzuwa lawo. Kuchiza ndi mankhwala 5% a carbolic asidi ndi mkaka wa laimu, njira yothetsera madzi (1%) imathandizanso.
Zizindikiro ndi mitundu ya matenda
Nkhuku zimakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa.
Sichichotsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito khungu ndi kuwonongeka khungu.
Njira ina ndi matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito magazi.
Mavitamini atangoyamba kulowa mu thupi la mbalame, amayamba kuchulukana.
Choyamba, pamalo oyamba, ndiye kulowa m'magazi ndi mazamu. Pakati pa pasteurellosis, agressins amachitanso mbali inayake, yomwe imapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Nthawi yosakaniza ikhoza kutha masiku angapo. Chikhalidwe cha matendawa chimadalira mtundu wa matendawa.
Zokongola kwambiri
Mbalame imagwa modzidzimutsa. Kunja kumawoneka wathanzi, sichisonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda, koma nthawi ina zimagwa chifukwa chakuledzera.
Kudyetsa nkhuku Mutu Wokalamba si wosiyana kwambiri ndi malamulo odyetsera nkhuku, koma pali kusiyana.Matenda a mbalame Pulloz-Tif ndi ovuta kwambiri. Phunzirani zambiri za izo kuchokera mu nkhaniyi!
Kuwala
Fomu iyi ndi yofala kwambiri. Mbalameyo imasonyeza kuthamanga, zikuwoneka kuti iye akuvutika maganizo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutentha kukukwera kufika 43 ° С, kutchulidwa kuti cyanosis imapezeka pamtunda ndi ndevu.
Kutha kumatha kuchoka pamphuno ya madzi otentha achikasu. Nyama imasiya kudya, koma imamwa mowa komanso mofunitsitsa. Pakuti mawonekedwe ovuta amadziwika ndi kutsegula m'mimba. Mu mawonekedwe awa nkhuku sizikhala zoposa masiku atatu.
Zosatha
Pambuyo pa mawonekedwe ovuta amayamba kukhala aakulu.
Pambuyo pooneka kuti imachira, mbalamezo ndi mapiko ake zimapsa, ndipo ndevu ndicrosis imawoneka.
Mbalameyo imadwala kwa nthawi yaitali, mpaka masiku 21, kenako-imafa. Koma ngati apulumuka, amakhala wonyamula matenda.
Pa autopsy nkhuku zomwe zimakhala ndi maonekedwe ovuta komanso a subacute, Kuchekera koipa kwa nyama kumapezeka.
Ali ndi minofu ya ubluu, kuchepa kwazing'ono pamatumbo a chiwindi, matumbo, mphala, mazira, ndi foci ya kutupa m'mapapu.
Zosokoneza
Chifukwa chakuti kusintha kwa maatomical-anatomical kusintha ndi chithunzi chachipatala sizowona bwino, kachilombo ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kamakhala ndi mbali yaikulu pa matenda a matendawa.
Mitembo ya mbalame imaperekedwa ku labotale ndipo imafufuzidwa. Mulimbamtima waumphawi, tsiku lina pambuyo poika magazi kuchokera ku mtembo, kukula kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe kukuwonekera.
Smear imachotsedwa ku chiwindi ndi nthata, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuwona zojambulajambula zojambulajambula, zosiyana ndi pasteurellosis.
Kuwonjezera apo, chikhalidwe chosankhika chimayambitsa zowonetsera zowonetsera kuti zitsimikizidwe molondola.
Chithandizo
Chithandizo chachepetsa kuchepa kwa zida zowonongeka ndi kudyetsa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zamatsenga.
Amayi am'madera ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala othandiza kwambiri a seramu ndi tetracycline (biomitsin, levomycetin, terramycin).
Mankhwala amakono ochizira pasteurellosis mu nkhuku amaphatikizapo trisulfone, cobactan kuimitsa, erythrocycline yotsala.
Kupewa ndi kuyesetsa
Kupewa kumaphatikizapo kusunga bwino miyezo ya ukhondo waukhondo, kugawidwa kwa panthaŵi yake ndi kusatayika kwa nkhuku zonyamula matenda, komanso katemera woteteza.
Pozindikira mbalame zodwala akuyenera kuwachotsa iwo ku thanzi, asiye kuyenda kwa mbalame mkati ndi kunja kwa famu. Nkhuku zinyumba, zofukula ndi zofufuzira zonse zimatetezedwa bwinobwino.
Onetsetsani kuti muzitha kuthamanga kwambiri, amawonongeredwa ndi kulima. Kudya mbalame kumaphatikizapo kudya ndi vitamini.
Pasteurellosis ndi bwino kuteteza kusiyana ndi kuthana nazo. Matenda owopsa, omwe amadziwika ndi imfa yaikulu ya nkhuku. Nkhuku ziyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha matendawa pofuna kuteteza nkhuku kuvulaza nthawi.
