Mitundu ya tomato ya Altai ndi yabwino kwa okonda zosiyanasiyana. M'munda mungathe kubzala mitundu itatu ya tomato - yofiira, pinki kapena lalanje.
Kutsika-kokweza, ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo, zidzakhala zokongola kwenikweni za munda wanu ndi tebulo.
Ndipo mu nkhani yathu mudzapeza tsatanetsatane wa zosiyana siyana, mudzadziŵa makhalidwe ake, phunzirani zonse za zolima, zofuna ku matenda ndi kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo.
Tomato a Altai: kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
| Maina a mayina | Altai |
| Kulongosola kwachidule | Nyengo yam'nyengo yam'mbuyo, mitundu yambiri yosamalidwa, yayikulu-yowonjezera zomera. |
| Woyambitsa | Russia |
| Kutulutsa | Masiku 110-115 |
| Fomu | Zipatso zimakhala zozungulira, zazikulu, zosakanikirana. |
| Mtundu | Mtundu wa zipatso zakupsa ndi wofiira, pinki kapena lalanje malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana. |
| Kulemera kwa tomato | 250-350 magalamu |
| Ntchito | Watsopano wabwino, woyenera timadziti ndi sauces. |
| Perekani mitundu | 4 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chitsamba |
| Zizindikiro za kukula | Ndondomeko - 50-40 cm. 3-4 zomera pa 1 sq.m. |
| Matenda oteteza matenda | Kulimbana mokwanira ndi matenda akuluakulu a nightshade. Zowonongeka kwambiri ndi fuzarose, verticillus, fodya |
Altai ndi wosakanizidwa mwamsanga kwambiri. Kuyambira kutulukira kwa mbande kuti kusasitsa, masiku 110-115 apite. Chitsamba chimakhala chosadulidwa, chamtali, chokhazikika kwambiri. Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu ndi pafupifupi masentimita 150. Masamba ndi aakulu, osavuta, obiriwira. Inflorescences ndi osavuta. Zipatso zipsa ndi maburashi a 4-6 zidutswa.
Nthawi ya fruiting imatha, tomato akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pakati pa chilimwe mpaka chisanu. Zipatso zapakatikati, kukula kwa 250 mpaka 300 g. Kulemera kwa zitsanzo za munthu payekha kufika pa g g 500. Maonekedwewo ndi ophwanyika, osakaniza pang'ono. Tomato ndi minofu, yowutsa mudyo, ndi madzi achitsulo omwe amasungunuka pakamwa.
Mukhoza kufanizitsa kulemera kwa tomato za mitundu iyi ndi ena mu tebulo ili m'munsimu:
| Maina a mayina | Zipatso zolemera (magalamu) |
| Altai | 250-500 |
| Kukula kwa Russia | 650-2000 |
| Andromeda | 70-300 |
| Mphatso ya Agogo | 180-220 |
| Gulliver | 200-800 |
| Ndodo ya ku America | 300-600 |
| Nastya | 150-200 |
| Yusupovskiy | 500-600 |
| Dubrava | 60-105 |
| Zipatso | 600-1000 |
| Tsiku lachikumbutso | 150-200 |
Chiwerengero cha zipinda za mbewu chimachokera ku 3 mpaka 6. Khungu ndi lochepa thupi, koma landiweyani, kutetezera bwino chipatso chochotsa.
Mtundu wa tomato wokoma umadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nyamayi yofiira ya Altai ili ndi zipatso zamthunzi wofiira. Khungu ndi lowala, lochepa. Kukoma ndi kowala, kolemera ndi kokoma, kopanda kuoneka kosaoneka. Zipatso zili ndi lycopene, amino acid ndi beta carotene. Zakudya zokhudzana ndi shuga ndi zinthu zowuma zimatilola kulangiza zipatso za chakudya cha mwana ndi chakudya.
- Matenda a pinki a Altai ali ojambula m'moto wofiira, thupi liri ndi mthunzi womwewo. Kukoma kwabwino, zipatso ndi zokoma, zokometsera, osati madzi.
- Tomato a pinki ndi ofewa kwambiri, iwo ndi abwino kwa anthu omwe amatsutsana ndi tomato wofiira. Tomato a tomato a lalanje amadziwika ndi zipatso za madzi obiriwira achikasu.
- Thupi lamtambo wa lalanje ndi lokoma, ndi zolemba zowonongeka za fruity. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yabwino kupanga timadziti ndi mbatata yosenda.
Chiyambi ndi Ntchito
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere ya Altai yokhazikika ndi obereketsa ku Russia. Zimalimbikitsidwa kulima pamalo otseguka komanso pansi pa filimu, mu galasi ndi zomera za polycarbonate. Zipatso zokolola zimasungidwa bwino, zotheka kuyenda ndi zotheka.
Tomato amagwiritsidwa ntchito polima amamita kapena mafakitale, iwo ndi abwino kugulitsa. Tomato wobiriwira zipse msanga firiji. Mtedza wa saladi wofiira, wofiira ndi wa lalanje ndi wa saladi. Zipatso zam'madzi, zokoma ndi zokoma zimakhala zatsopano, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga masangweji, sauces, supu, mbatata yosenda.
Tomato wobiriwira amapanga madzi okoma okoma, omwe mungamwe mowa mwatsopano kapena kupeza zam'tsogolo. Mitundu itatu ya tomato ingapangidwe chokoma ndi chokoma masamba, tomato amchere ndi kuzifota. Iwo bwino pamodzi ndi zina zamasamba: nkhaka, tsabola, kolifulawa.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Zina mwa ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyana:
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso;
- zokolola zabwino;
- bwino kukoma kwa tomato;
- chisamaliro chosavuta;
- kulekerera kwa vagaries wa nyengo;
- kukana matenda aakulu.
Zinthuzi zikuphatikizapo kufunikira kupanga ndi kumangiriza chitsamba. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imazindikira kufunika kwa zakudya za nthaka, ndi zosafunika zokwanira, zokolola zimachepa.
N'zotheka kufanizitsa zokolola za Altai ndi mitundu ina mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi:
| Maina a mayina | Pereka |
| Altai | 4 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chitsamba |
| Kuyambira wamkulu | 20-22 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chitsamba |
| Polbyg | 4 kg pa mita iliyonse |
| Gulu lokoma | 2.5-3.2 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi |
| Gulu lofiira | 10 kg kuchokera ku chitsamba |
| Chilimwe chimakhala | 4 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chitsamba |
| Mphaka wamafuta | 5-6 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chitsamba |
| Dona Wamtundu | 25 kg pa mita imodzi iliyonse |
| Countryman | 18 kg kuchokera ku chitsamba |
| Batyana | 6 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chitsamba |
| Tsiku lachikumbutso | 15-20 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi |
Zizindikiro za kukula
Mitundu ya Altai imakula bwino mu mbande. Musanafese, mbewuyi imatetezedwa mwachitsulo mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate, yosambitsidwa ndi madzi oyera ndi zouma. Pambuyo pake, mbewu imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi kukula kowonjezera, kumakula kwambiri.
Nthaka ya mbande imapangidwa ndi kusakaniza kwa munda nthaka ndi humus kapena peat. N'zotheka kuwonjezera gawo laling'ono la mtsinje wa mchenga, superphosphate ndi phulusa. Mbewu zofesedwa m'mitsuko kapena peat makapu ndi kuwonjezereka pang'ono, owazidwa ndi peat ndi sprayed ndi madzi. Mungagwiritse ntchito mini-greenhouses.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwazitsulo za munthu payekha kudzateteza zisankho zotsatila. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimapangidwa ndi zojambulazo ndipo zimayikidwa kutentha. Kubzala mbewu kumakhala kutentha kosachepera madigiri 25. Ndikofunika kudzala tomato pamabedi omwe anali ndi masamba, kabichi, letesi, kaloti kapena zina zotchedwa cruciferous.
Ndizosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito dothi limene eggplant, physalis kapena tsabola zakula. Ngati palibe njira ina (mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsira ntchito wowonjezera kutentha), zimalimbikitsa kubwezeretsa dothi la pamwamba pazitsulo pozisakaniza ndi peat kapena humus. Momwe mungakonzekerere nthaka yotentha yobiriwira.
Musanadzalemo, nthaka imasulidwa. Tomato amafesedwa m'madzime, omwe ali pamtunda wa masentimita 40 mpaka 50 wina ndi mnzake. Mzere wambiri wa mzere wa 70-80 masentimita amafunikira. Superphosphate yothira ndi salimu ya potaziyamu, kapena phulusa la matabwa (supuni imodzi pa mbeu) imayikidwa pamabowo.
Mukamayikanso pafupi ndi chitsamba chilichonse mumayikidwa: Zitsulo zolimba kapena zitsulo. N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito misewu yomwe imayenera kumangiriza mapesi ndi nthambi ndi zipatso. Tomato amafunika kuthiriridwa ngati chimbudzi chimakhala ndi madzi otentha. Pakati pa nthaka ya kuthirira, nthaka imasulidwa kuti ikhale yopanda chiwombankhanga, chomwe chimalepheretsa kupeza mpweya wabwino.
Panthawiyi chakudya cha 3-4 chimapangidwa ndi zonse zovuta feteleza kapena mankhwala opangidwa (kuchepetsedwa mullein kapena zitosi za mbalame). Muzu ndi kunja kwa miyeso yophika ndizotheka, mwachitsanzo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa superphosphate kuchepetsedwa m'madzi.
Werengani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito monga yisiti ya feteleza, ayodini, hydrogen peroxide, ammonia ndipo chifukwa chake tomato amafunikira asidi ya boric.
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri - mapangidwe a tchire. Tomato amatsogolera 1-2 zimayambira, kuchotsa ana opeza pamwamba pa brush yachitatu. Ngati tsinde ndilololedwanso, mukhoza kutsitsa mfundo yakukula.
Tikulimbikitsanso kuchotsa masamba apansi pa zomera, izi zimathandiza kusintha kwa mphepo ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Amaluwa ambiri amachotsa maluwa ang'onoang'ono kapena opunduka m'manja, kuti zipatso zamtsogolo zikhale zazikulu.
Timakupatsani zipangizo zothandizira za tomato zakubereka kwambiri komanso zolimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.Mukhozanso kupeza nkhani zokhudzana ndi kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato.
Chithunzi
Yang'anani chithunzi pansipa - pinki ya Altai, yofiira, yamitundu ya malalanje ya tomato:
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zithunzi zojambulidwa
Pofuna kupewa matenda a fungal, apical ndi mizu zowola, muyenera kumasula nthaka mosamala, kuchotsa namsongole. Kukulitsa nthaka ndi udzu, peat kapena humus kudzathandizanso. Kubzala kumathandiza kupopera phytosporin kapena mankhwala ena osakhala ndi poizoni. Werengani za njira zina zothandizira matenda pano.
Kumunda, tomato amaopsezedwa ndi tizirombo. Pa nthawi ya maluwa, kangaude, whitefly, kuthamanga kwambiri, ndiyeno chimbalangondo, Colorado kafadala, amavulala amaliseche amaonekera. Pezani alendo osafunika omwe angakuthandizeni kuyendera pamtunda mlungu uliwonse.
Pofuna kupatsirana mankhwala, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mphamvu yochepa ya potassium permanganate. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timathandizidwa ndi akangaude, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito asanayambe fruiting. Pambuyo pake, mankhwala oopsa amalowetsedwa ndi mankhwala oyesedwa ndi oyesedwa: decoction wa celandine kapena anyezi peel.
Slugs, Medvedka, mphutsi za kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata zimakololedwa ndi manja, ndipo zomera zimapulitsidwa ndi mankhwala amadzimadzi a ammonia. Mapesi omwe amakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, amatsukidwa ndi madzi otentha a sopo, kuti asalowe mu nthaka.
Kusankha mitundu ya Altai ya tomato, mungatsimikize kuti mbeu yabwino ndi yamtengo wapatali. Powasamalira bwino, zomera zimabereka zipatso m'nyengo yonseyi, zokondwera ndi mitundu ndi zokometsera zosiyanasiyana. Mbewu zazomwe zimabzala zimatha kukolola zokha, kuchokera ku tomato.
Werengani zonse za momwe mungamerere mbeu yabwino ya tomato panja, momwe mungakondweretse ndi tomato zokoma chaka chonse, ndipo chinsinsi cha kukula kwa mitundu yoyambirira.
Timabweretsanso m'nkhani zanu zachitsamba za mitundu ya tomato ndi mawu osiyana siyana:
| Kuyambira m'mawa oyambirira | Kumapeto kwenikweni | Pakati-nyengo |
| New Transnistria | Bakansky pinki | Wokonda alendo |
| Pullet | Mphesa ya ku France | Peyala wofiira |
| Chimphona chachikulu | Chinsomba chamtundu | Chernomor |
| Torbay | Titan | Benito F1 |
| Tretyakovsky | Kutha f1 | Paul Robson |
| Black Crimea | Volgogradsky 5 95 | Nkhumba ya rasipiberi |
| Chio Chio San | Krasnobay f1 | Mashenka |
