Gladiolus ndi mbewu yobadwa m'nkhalango zotentha za Africa ndi Mediterranean. Woimira uyu wa banja la Iris amadziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa chifukwa cha maluwa ake owoneka bwino. Dzina lina la gladiolus ndi fennel.
Duwa ili ndi wachibale wabwino, onunkhira - acidanthera, wotchuka wotchedwa gladiolus, koma ndi wa banja la a Kasatikov. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuswana ndi gladuolus kupeza mitundu yatsopano yokhala ndi fungo labwino.
Kufotokozera kwa gladiolus
Gladiolus ndiwosatha. Matundu ake ozungulira amakhala ndi mamba ambiri okongola ndipo amasinthidwa chaka chilichonse. Itha kukhala yoyera, yakuda, burgundy kapena yofiyira. Zimayambira ndi zodutsa, zowongoka, zopanda nthambi komanso zokhala ndi zojambula ngati mivi. Amafika kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 50-170. Masamba odukaduka ndi owonda, amawalozera kumapeto, amakula ndi 40-90 cm. Utoto wawo umasiyanasiyana kutalika mpaka kubiriwira mwakuya, kutengera mitundu ndi mitundu. Amasunga mphamvu ya mphukira polumikizana m'munsi. Inflorescence amapezeka onse unilateral kapena mayiko awiri, komanso spiral.
Kapangidwe kake kamafanana ndi makutu mpaka kukula kwamasentimita 80. Maluwa amakhala ndi tizigawo tosiyanasiyana tating'ono totseka wina ndi mnzake, womwe umasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lophatikizana ndi masamba atatu, lokhala ndi nthanga zazing'ono zozungulira, zakuda kapena zofiirira.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya gladioli yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Kusankhidwa kwa skewer kumapangidwa bwino, ndichifukwa chake mtundu wa Gladiolus umaphatikizapo mitundu 280 ndi mitundu yambiri.
| Onani | Kufotokozera | Zosiyanasiyana | Maluwa Maluwa |
| Zachikulu zazikulu | Phesi lolimba lokwanira 90-150 masentimita, masamba atali, obiriwira, okhala ndi sheen wonyezimira. |
| 5-20 masentimita, atatu, atatu, ndi miyala yamitundu yambiri mpaka 28 mu inflorescence imodzi. Pali mitundu yofiirira, yapinki, yofiyira, yachikaso yokhala ndi yoyera kapena imvi. Kukula kwakukulu pafupifupi 90 cm ndi mawonekedwe owongoka owoneka ndi mawonekedwe. |
| Gulugufe | 50-100 masentimita, kutalika kwamtundu wamtundu wobiriwira, ndipo nthawi zina amapindika pang'ono pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kulemera kwa inflorescence. Masamba akuluakulu a xiphoid adakweza kumaso, kumapeto, achikasu wobiriwira ndi tint yoyera. |
| Sessile yayikulu yokongola kwambiri: wachikaso, pinki, yofiirira, burgundy, yofiirira-yoyera ndi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono lalanje. Ziphuphu ndizovunda, zopindika, zingwe. Pharynx ndiyopepuka. Pafupifupi 15-20. Wodukaduka, wokhazikika pamunsi. |
| Primrose | 70-120 cm, mawonekedwe opindika ndi tsinde lopanda nthambi. Masamba ndi owonda, opapatiza, wobiriwira wopepuka, wokutidwa ndi sera wamasamba. |
| Nthawi zambiri, ofiira okhazikika, oyera, ofiira kapena ofiirira. Palinso chikasu chowala (Leonora). 4-8 masentimita, atatu kapena ozungulira, ma petals ndi owonda, ali ndi m'mbali mwa pang'ono pang'ono, ndipo apamwamba amapindika pang'ono ndikufanana ndi hood. Pali mitundu 18-23. |
| Kalulu | Mitundu yaying'ono (50-80 cm) yokhala ndi masamba akulu akulu obiriwira. Pesi ndi wandiweyani, wowuma pang'ono, streovidny. |
| Zophatikizika, zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zophatikizidwa ndi miyala. Malalanje, ofiirira, ofiira, achikasu, ofiira onyansa oyera komanso otchedwa pharynx. Zomveka, zokonzedwa mosiyana. |
Mukadzala mababu a gladiolus mchaka, kutengera dera
Gladiolus imabzalidwa kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa chaka. Kutengera ndi dera, masiku obwera amasiyanasiyana.
| Dera | Nthawi |
| Central Russia (Moscow, dera la Moscow). | M'pofunika kubzyala pofika nyengo yofunda kuti muchepetse kuthekera kwa matenda ndi chisanu cha corms, ndiye kuti Epulo 25-Meyi 10. Komabe, ili likhoza kukhala tsiku lamtsogolo, malinga ndi nyengo yam'mayiko ena, kutentha kuyenera kukhala + 9 ... +12 ° C. |
| Njira yapakatikati, kuphatikizapo dera la Leningrad. | Nyengo ndiye yozizira, kuthekera kwa kuzizira kwadzidzidzi kapena kutentha kosafunikira, kotero nthawi yofikira imasinthidwa: Meyi 10-Julayi 1. Sikoyenera kuthamangira, ndikofunikira kuti ma corms azizika, ndipo nthaka ili ndi nthawi yoti itenthe. Ngati chisanu chikuchitika, chitetezo cha utsi ndichotheka. |
| Dera la Siberia ndi Urals. | Nyengo sinakhazikike, nyengo zomwe kulibe kutentha kwatsika ndi masiku 90-120 okha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo athetse. Madeti amasiyana kuyambira Meyi 28 mpaka Julayi 1. Kuti muteteze nyengo yozizira, agrofibre kapena filimu yapadera iyenera kuyikidwa pabedi lamaluwa. Zomera m'derali sizikhala ndi moyo mpaka chaka chamawa. |
| Msewu waku South. | Kulima kwa gladioli sikovuta kwenikweni, popeza ndi malowa omwe ali ndi nyengo yabwino kwambiri. Nthawi yowukitsidwa: Marichi 20-Epulo 15. Simuyenera kudikirira kuyambika kwa kutentha, ma corm sangazike mizu ndikufa. |
Kukonzekera kwa mababu a gladiolus chifukwa chodzala
Kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitika patadutsa milungu iwiri iwiri musanabzalire poyera.
Choyamba, kuchokera ku ma corms ndikofunikira kuchotsa mosamala kachulukidwe, kupenda mosamala mawonekedwe kuti pasapezeke zowola kapena zopweteka pa izo.
Ngati ena awonekera, ayenera kudulidwamo, ndipo malo omwe amachepetsa amayenera kuwerengetsa mankhwala okhala ndi zobiriwira kapena zofowoka zakumwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi makala opindika, sinamoni. Onaninso zowonongeka kapena zilonda zam'mimba zomwe zimayenera kudzoza ndi yankho laofooka la ayodini kapena zobiriwira bwino.
Pansi pa mababu, kutanthauza dera lomwe mizu yake imakula, imayenera kuyesedwa. Zabwino kwambiri kubzala zimawonedwa ngati masentimita 2-4. Ziphuphu zazing'ono zimayamba msanga ndipo zimagwirizana ndi chimfine kapena matenda. Zakale, zomwe pansi pake ndizoposa 4 cm, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophukira zipatso kuti ziberekane (ana), komanso kusintha zofunikira kubzala.
Pambuyo pakuyang'anitsitsa ndikusankhidwa kwa ma corms, amaikidwa m'malo owala, ndikuyika zouma zosapsa ndi kuwonjezera kwa vermiculite pansi. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito bokosi lozolowereka, kumanyowetsa pansi nthawi zonse. Chotsani kuthekera kwa kukonzekera ndi kutentha kwambiri. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, zikumera zimawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 1-2.
Ndikofunikira kuti mababu a mitundu yamtengo wapatali azitha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri, kuti zipatso zambiri zithe. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti theka lililonse pansi ndi tumphuka zisungidwe. Mabala amayeneranso kuphimbidwa ndi makala kapena uchi.
Ola limodzi asanabzalidwe poyera, ma corm amayenera kuyikidwa mu potaziyamu permanganate yokhala ndi 0.5%. Kenako lolani mababuwo kuti aume ndikubzala pamalowo.
Kubzala gladioli ndi chisamaliro chotsatira
Mabedi amaluwa ayenera kuyikidwa pambali, yowala bwino, paphiri laling'ono. Momwe malirowo ayenera kusinthidwira chaka chilichonse kuti apewe matenda ndi majeremusi, matenda kapena kufera kwa sing'anga. Ndiosafunika kubzala gladioli pambuyo chimanga ndi nkhaka, omwe ndi causative othandizira a fusarium. Nthaka yabwino kwambiri imatsalira mbatata, beets. Phulusa, mchenga, peat, organic zvinhu ndi feteleza wa mchere ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku gawo lapansi.
Ndibwino kuganizira kuchuluka kwa nthaka: iyenera kukhala yosalowerera.
//www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEvepob6qqs
Muyenera kuyamba kukonzekera malowa kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira: masulani ndikukula lapansi ndikuzama masentimita 40, kuchotsa udzu, namsongole. Chifukwa chake, dothi limamasulidwa ndipo lidzadutsa oxygen. Kubala kumachitika m'magawo angapo:
- Pamalo osankhidwa, kukumba mabowo a 10-15 masentimita.
- Nitrophos imawonjezeredwa mu kusasintha kwa 80 g. pa 1 sq. m
- Mizere pakati pa ma corms imachoka pafupifupi 10-15 masentimita, poti mbewu zachikulire zikuyenera kumangidwa.
- Mababu amakhazikitsidwa ndi osaposa masentimita 13 mpaka 14. Ngati atayikidwa mwakuya, skewer ipereka inflorescence yambiri, yokwera - ana ambiri adzawonekera.
Palinso njira ina yofunika kukafika kumtunda. Zimakupatsani mwayi wopewa kumangika gladioli, mabedi amaluwa ndi opusa komanso owala. Ndi njirayi, zolumikizana pakati pa ma corms zimachepetsedwa kukhala 5-8 cm.
Nthaka imachulukitsidwa ndi singano, matanda a utuchi ndi phosphorous, nitrogenous kapena mavalidwe apamwamba a potaziyamu.
Otsuka akamazika mizu ndikusinthana ndi nyengo zatsopano, ayenera kusamalidwa bwino. Kutsirira sikuyenera kuchitika nthawi yopitilira 1 pa sabata, onetsetsani kuti madziwo sanasunthike, apo ayi zowola zimayambira, komanso popewa madontho akugwa pamaluwa. Mumasuleni dothi nthawi zonse ndikuchotsa namsongole. Garter, ngati pakufunika, iyenera kuchitika asanadutse zipatso. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa wamba.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kwa nthawi yonse yomwe gladiolus ikukula imangovala zovala zapamwamba 5 zokha. Amaphatikizapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamaminolo, organic ndi mankhwala.
| Zolemba Nthawi | Feteleza |
| Choyamba | Gwiritsani ntchito zolengedwa, monga humus. Nthawi yamvula komanso nthawi yothirira, iye amapatsa michere michere. |
| Pamaso maluwa | Pakakhala masamba atatu athanzi, muyenera kupanga feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle kulinso bwino. Ndi chitukuko chowonjezereka, mutha kudyetsa ndi osakaniza ponseponse pazomera zam'munda. Muyeneranso kuwaza mphukira ndi yankho lomwe lili ndi boric acid mu 2 g pa 10 l madzi. |
| Maluwa | Kubwera kwa inflorescences, onjezani zochulukirapo za feteleza: potashi ndi phosphorous. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito phula, mchenga ndi singano za paini kuti mulimbikitse nthaka. |
| Pambuyo maluwa | Konzani yankho la 15 g la superphosphate, 30 g wa sulfate ndi 10 l madzi. Amamwetsa madzi gladiolus mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. |
| Chomaliza | Sakanizani 5 g wa potaziyamu permanganate ndi 10 l madzi. Manyowa ndi yankho kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, isanayambe chisanu. |
Kodi kukumba gladioli
Gladiolus amafunika kuti akumbiridwe nyengo yozizira yoyamba isanazizidwe. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakati pa nthawi yophukira, koma dera lililonse limakhala ndi nthawi yake.
| Dera | Nthawi |
| Central Russia (Moscow, dera la Moscow). | Itha kupangidwa Seputembara 15-Okutobala 10, ndipo pambuyo pake, ngati nyengo yabwino imakhalabe kapena maluwa akupitiliza. Palibenso chifukwa chosokoneza chikondwererocho mpaka kutentha kumatsika +8 ° C. |
| Njira yapakatikati, kuphatikizapo dera la Leningrad. | Nyengo pano ndiyosadabwitsa, kotero masiku ake asinthidwa kukhala Seputembara 1-20. |
| Dera la Siberia ndi Urals. | Gladioli iyenera kukumbidwa kumapeto kwa Seputembala, pa 10-15 mwezi. |
| Msewu waku South | Popeza kutentha kuno kumatsika pang'onopang'ono ndikukhalabe kotentha nthawi ya kugwa, ma corms amatengedwa kuchokera pa dothi pa Okutobala 20-Novembara 5. Komabe, simukuyenera kuchedwetsa nthawi, apo ayi kuwonongeka kumayamba ndipo chomera chifa. |
Momwe mungasungire gladioli
Pambuyo pokumba ma corms amayikidwa m'chipinda chotentha, kutentha kutentha + 22 ... +25 ° C. Ayenera kuthandizidwa tsiku lililonse kuti asawonongeke. Mababu sayenera kupukutidwa kwa osapitilira milungu itatu, pomwe nthawiyo mamba adzauma ndikupanga ubweya wonyezimira. Pambuyo panthawiyi, tubers timasunthira kumalo ozizira. M'nyumba ingakhale malo pansi pafupi ndi khomo lanyumba, ndipo mu kanyumba - cellar kapena cellar.
Sungani bwino mumakatoni kapena mumipulasitiki yokhala ndi mipata ya mpweya. Ziphuphu zimatha kuyikidwa mu zigawo zingapo, ndikuziyika ndi manyuzipepala kapena pepala lotayirira. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kudzakhala + 3 ... + 10 ° ะก, mpweya chinyezi pafupifupi 70%. Ndikofunikira kusanthula mababu pafupipafupi ndikuchotsa odwala kapena owuma.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kumapeto kwa dzinja, gladioli imayamba nthawi yogwira ntchito, yomwe iyenera kuchepetsedwa. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kuyika masamba a timbewu tonunkhira, maapulo wobiriwira mum'chombo.
Kusintha kwa gladioli
Pali njira zingapo zoweta skewer, zomwe zotchuka kwambiri ndizazomera:
- Pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni woumba utatulutsa, gawanitsani khandayo ndikuwaza malo osemedwawo ndi zinyalala kapena sinamoni.
- Pukutani ma cormon ang'ono ndikawabzala pamalo owonekera koyambirira kwa Meyi.
- Kumbani mzere wa kuya kwa 5 cm ndikuyika ana momwemo.
- Finyani dothi ndi peat ndi phulusa, madzi ochuluka.
- Phimbani malowo ndi wokutira pulasitiki pamwamba.
- Pambuyo pa mwezi 1, pamene zimayambira kukula mpaka kanema, ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
Njira ina ndikugawa mababu.
- Sankhani corm choyenera ndi maziko akulu ndi tuber yaying'ono.
- Dulani vertically ndi mpeni wofufuzira m'magawo awiri ofanana.
- Pukuta malovu mwa kuwayika kwa maola angapo m'malo abwino.
- Chitani selalo ndi makala kapena makala a potaziyamu permanganate.
- Bzalani nyemba zowoneka bwino.
Njira yolereka si yotchuka, koma yosangalatsa. Zitha kuchitika munthawi yabwino.
- Poyamba, muyenera kukonzekera gawo lokhala ndi mchenga ndi tsamba la humus, mutha kuonjezeranso peat ndi singano (pazofanana zofanana).
- Asanabzale, mbewu zake ziyenera kuyikidwa mu 0,01% yankho la sodium humate kapena heteroauxin.
- Bzalani mbeu muchidebe chomwe chili ndi mabowo okumba kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February.
- Ndi isanayambike nyengo yofunda, miphika imayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuyatsa kowala mpaka utakhwima kwathunthu.
Njira zolimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ta gladioli
| Matendawa | Kuwonetsedwa pamasamba ndi zizindikiro zina | Njira kukonza |
| Matenda a Fusarium | Kutembenukira chikasu, wokutidwa ndi kuyera kwoyera. | Ngati matendawa adayamba kukula, mbewuyo singakhalepo ndi moyo, ndiyotani chifukwa chake dothi lizichotsedwa. Kupatula zomwe zimachitika, gwiritsirani ntchito mababu musanabzike ndi njira ya manganese. |
| Sclerotinia | Kuuma, youma pansi, stalk rots. | Kumbani ma gladioli nthawi yomweyo kuti musafalikire. Ngati matendawa ayamba kumene, gwiritsani ntchito duwa ndi yankho la fungicides: Ordan, Hom, Previkur. |
| Scab | Zizindikiro zakuda pa ma corm ndi mbali zonse za skewer. | Onjezani acidity nthaka ndikuchotsa maluwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo. |
| Matenda a ma virus. | Pesi ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi mizere ya bulauni. Madontho akuda amatuluka panja. | Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa kwathunthu. Muyenera kuchotsa chomera chopatsiridwacho kuti chisafalitse matenda. |
| Chotchinga. | Zikumera zimafa. Zowala. | Gwiritsani ntchito Permethrin, Bi 58, Phosphamide, Methyl mercaptophos kapena yankho la sopo. |
| Ma nsabwe. | Green tizilombo tating'ono pamtunda, tsinde. Philodendron amwalira. | Tincture wa mandimu, Intavir, Actofit. |
| Spider mite. | Bokosi loonda loyera limakutidwa tsinde ndi masamba. | Madzi nthawi zonse, gwiritsani ntchito Neoron, Omayt, Fitoverm malinga ndi malangizo. |
| Zopatsa. | Mikwingwirima yoyera imawonekera. Zomera zimamera. | Gwiritsani ntchito Fitoverm, pangani ndi Actara, Mospilan, Actellik kapena Calypso. |
