Mitundu yambiri rhododendrons (azaleas)Wakulira m'mapaki ndi minda pamaluwa ozizira amaphimbidwa kwambiri ndi zipewa za maluwa osakhwima - zonona, pinki, zofiirira, zachikasu, malalanje - zomwe zikuwoneka kuti ndi mitambo yomwe imakhala pansi kwa kanthawi pa udzu.
Pali mitundu yambiri yambiri ya zitsamba zomwe zimakhala bwino mwazigawo za pakati.
Tikufika
Kusankhidwa kwa mitundu ndi malo
Kulima kumunda kuli koyenera kusankha nyengo yozizira yozizira.
Pofuna kudzala rhododendron, ndi bwino kusankha chitukuko chakumpoto cha malowa, omwe amawalidwa ndi dzuwa m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Malo abwino ayenera kuchoka pamtunda pamwamba pa chitsamba chotseguka, koma m'mawa masana si mthunzi wandiweyani umene uyenera kugwera pa iwo - monga ngati m'nkhalango yosaoneka bwino ya pine.
Oyandikana nawo pafupi a rhododendron-azaleas ayenera kukhala mitengo yokhala ndi mizu yakuya - pini kapena larch.
Ngati pafupi ndi mitengo yovuta kwambiri, yomwe mizu yake ili pamtunda, idzachotsa chinyontho cha chinyezi ndi zakudya zabwino.
Zikatero, malo otsetsereka ayenera kuikidwa ndi polyethylene kapena pamwamba pake.
Ngati madzi apansi ndi mamita kuchokera m'nthaka pamwamba pake - osabzala muyenera kusankha malo apamwamba.
Nthawi yobwera
Nthawi yabwino kubzala yotseguka pansi - nyengo yachisanu, kuyambira April mpaka pakati pa May (maluwa asanayambe) ndi autumn, kuyambira September mpaka November. Rhododendrons ingabzalidwe nthawi yachisanu-chirimwe, osapatula nthawi yamaluwa ndi milungu iwiri itatha.
Nthaka
Zomwe zimayenera kuti zikhalepo m'nthaka: zokwanira zokhazikika komanso zakudya zamtengo wapatali, asidi anachita.
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zida zoterezi, zidebe zisanu ndi zitatu za peat, zidebe ziwiri za nthaka ndi mchenga ziwiri zimasakanikirana.
Kodi tingachite bwanji izi?
Miyezo yofanana ya dzenje: Kutsika - 40 masentimita, m'mimba mwake masentimita 60.
Amayikidwa ndondomeko yamadzi (miyala yamtengo wapatali, nkhwangwa kapena njerwa), nthaka yokonzedwa imatsanulidwa (ndibwino kutsanulira zina 30-50 g ya zovuta mchere feteleza, osakhala ndi calcium, kapena chlorine) ndipo amavomeretsa bwino, kenaka akumba dzenje lolowera. Musanabzala, mizu yake imamizidwa m'madzi ndipo imasungidwa kumeneko mpaka mpweya utuluka.
Kenaka ikani chomeracho, mudzaze dzenje ndi nthaka yosakaniza, kuigwedeza pansi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti khosi likuzukuluka ndi pamwamba pa dziko lapansi.
Mutabzala, kuthirira ndi kuthira nthaka yozungulira "nyumba yatsopano" ndi masamba a pine kapena peat, masamba a thundu.
Ngati pali masamba ochulukirapo, ena a iwo ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti chomeracho chiwatsogolere zikuluzikulu kuti zizitha kuwomba, osati maluwa.
Ngati ndi kotheka, mukhoza kupereka thandizo limodzi la chitsamba, ndiyeno, pamene chomera chikuvomerezedwa, thandizo lichotsedwe.
Pofuna kumasula nthaka sayenera kukhala, chifukwa mizu ndi yopanda madzi komanso mizu yoonda imangowonongeka mosavuta.
Tsegulani kusamalira munda
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Mu November, mizu imatenthedwa, imabalalitsa peyala ya peat kuzungulira bwalo lozungulira.
Kumadera ndi nyengo yotentha ya frosty, mphukira zazikulu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimagwera pansi ndipo zimaphimbidwa ndi masamba owuma ndi masamba a spruce.
Young baka wa masamba obiriwira amaphimba ndi nthambi za spruce kwathunthu.
Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu
Chomeracho chimafuna kutentha kwambiri, kotero zimayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse, ndi madzi ozizira, makamaka thawed kapena mvula. Mukhoza kuchepetsanso madzi akudiririra mwa kuika mabokosi ochepa a peat mmenemo tsiku limodzi. Pa masiku otentha ndi owuma, onetsetsani kuti mumapopera kawirikawiri ndi madzi ozizira. M'dzinja, ngati pali mvula ing'onozing'ono, amapanga madzi okwanira - chidebe cha madzi pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Kupaka pamwamba
Ntchito yaikulu Manyowa amachitidwa pachaka kapena zaka ziwiri (malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha mbewu): chidebe cha kompositi ndi chidebe cha peat chimabweretsedwa mopanda kanthu kuzungulira chitsamba.
Muzigawo zazikulu za chitukuko Achinyamata ambiri amathandizidwa ndi zotsatirazi zoperekera:
Kumayambiriro kwa June, pa kutalika kwa maluwa: supuni ya potaziyamu sulphate ndi momwemo urea amasungunuka mu chidebe cha madzi.
Chakumapeto kwa June, mpaka kumapeto kwa maluwa: yankho la ndondomekoyi: supuni ya potaziyamu sulphate ndi feteleza wa maluwa mu chidebe cha madzi.
Kumapeto kwa maluwa, kumapeto kwa June, supuni ya supphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate yomweyi imayambira mu ndowa.
Kukula ndi kudulira
Mankhwalawa amatha kudulidwa, monga lamulo, kokha pang'ono, chifukwa tchire lawo mwachibadwa limapanga korona yoyenera. Komabe, nthawi zina nkofunika kuchotsa mazira kapena ofooka ofooketsa, kukonzanso chomera chakale.
Ngati kutalika kwa nthambiyi ndiposa 2 cm, magawowa ali ndi phula la munda.
Zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chisanu kapena makope akale kwambiri amadulidwa mpaka masentimita 30-40 pamwamba pa nthaka mu magawo awiri: theka limodzi loyamba, ndi chaka chotsatira - ena onse.
Kudulira kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ndi nthawi zonse kuvala magolovesi: masamba a rhododendron ali owopsa!
Kuchulukitsa maluwa ndi kukweza kukula, maluwa a inflorescences ayenera kusweka.
Maluwa
Mtundu wa maluwa wooneka ngati belu, mawonekedwe awo, kukula kwake, matope, kukula kwa inflorescences, chifukwa cha kupambana kwa kusankha, ndizosiyana kwambiri. Ayi, mwina, azaleas-rhododendrons okha ndi maluwa okongola a buluu. Maluwa a mitundu yambiri amatsagana ndi fungo lokoma labwino.
Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi nthawi ya maluwa a masabata 2-3 kugwa. Mapeto a Meyi ndi pakati pa July.
Pali mitundu yambiri yomwe idali yoyambirira (mu April) ndipo kenako (mu June) maluwa, komanso mobwerezabwereza (osati chaka chilichonse) maluwa m'dzinja.
Mphuno yosauka kapena kusowa kwake kungayambidwe ndi mavuto: nthaka yosafunika bwino, kuwala kwakukulu, zakudya zoperewera. Kuonjezerapo, pogwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni feteleza, chomeracho, kuti chiwononge maluwa, chimakula kwambiri.
Kukula zitsamba
Chomeracho chikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu yovuta, komanso zomera - cuttings ndi layering.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Kufesa gawo lapansi liri ndi peat ndi mchenga wofanana. M'chaka, timbewu tating'ono tomwe timakhala tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki timatambasuka. Zowonjezera kutentha zili ndi madigiri 20, mpweya ndi kusungunula gawo lapansi. Nthawi yoyamba ya mbande, monga lamulo, ndi masabata 3-4.
Pamene masamba oyambirira owona akukula, Mbewu zimabzalidwa mosavuta, kuzikulitsa panthawi imodzimodziyo ku ziphuphupofuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mizu.
Pambuyo pake, zomera zazing'ono zimakhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 8 mpaka 12 komanso pansi pamunsi kuyambira maola 16 mpaka 18, omwe amapangidwa ndi theka-kuwala. Anamwetsa kupyola mu poto.
Pofika mwezi wa June, mbande zimakhala pansi nthawi zambiri komanso zimakula.
Kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira sikuyenera kupitirira madigiri 18. Kumapeto kwa nyengo, tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timakhala pamtunda wa 3-4 masentimita imodzi kuchokera kumalo ena, koma chaka chachitatu okha adzakhala okonzeka kubwerera pansi.
Cuttings
Kwa njira iyi yofalitsa, mphukira zapakati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe 5-8 masentimita asanu cuttings zidulidwa. Gawo la pansi liyikidwa mu njira yothetsera kukula kwa maola 12-16. Ndiye iwo amabzalidwa mu chidebe ndi kuwala kwa nthaka kusakaniza ndi yokutidwa ndi pulasitiki.
Kutulutsa, sungani chinyezi. Kuzukula kumatengera nthawi yaitali (mpaka miyezi itatu) ndipo nthawizonse sichikuyenda bwino. Kukula mizu ya cuttings mu chisakanizo cha peat ndi singano za singano; iwo amalowa pamwamba m'nyumba, kutentha kwa madigiri 10. M'chakachi amawonjezeredwa pansi pamabokosi, ndipo potsirizira pake adabzala chaka chimodzi.
Kuyika
M'chaka, nthambi yosankhidwa yachinyamata ikugwa pansi, yokhazikika, yowonjezeramo madzi ndi kuthirira, kupeĊµa chinyezi chokhazikika. Pamene mphukira zatsopano zitha kuonekera, zigawozo potsiriza zimasiyanitsidwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
M'madera abwino, matendawa sakhudza zomera.
Fungal spotting - zotsatira za kukula mu nthaka yonyowa. Kuchotsa izo, konzekerani ingress ya chinyezi ndi kuchita mankhwala ndi mkuwa sulphate kapena bordeaux madzi.
Ngati palibe nayitrogeni yokwanira ndi potaziyamu, pamene chinyontho chimathamanga, chosakanikirana chlorosis - masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndi mawanga. Pachifukwa ichi, chotsani chinyezi chochulukirapo, perekani ngalande ndi kuthira mbewuyi ndi yankho la ferrous sulphate: 7.5 g pa lita imodzi ya madzi.
Mawanga ofiira pamphepete mwa mitsempha pa masamba akuwoneka ndi kusowa kwa zakudya za nthaka. Feteleza ndi ammonium feteleza kapena potaziyamu nitrate idzathetsa vutoli.
Pambuyo pa chisanu cholimba pa chomera chosayambika masamba afaChoncho, sizomveka kuchotsa malo osungirako nyengo yozizira kuchokera ku masamba kapena masamba a spruce mofulumira kwambiri.
Pamalo otseguka pa rhododendron akhoza kuthetsa zoterozo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: bugulu la rhododendron, kangaude wamatenda, asiya munda wa Asia. Njira zoletsa - kupopera mbewu diazinon.
Mealybug Kuchokera pa izo kumachepetsa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa karbofosom.
Zojambulazo zazitali. Kuwathandiza kumathandiza karbofos, komanso basudin, diazinon ndi furadan.
Mphindi-wothandizira wambiri. Pankhaniyi tchire timatsuka ndi sulfure.
Komanso, munda wa azalea ukhoza kudya slugs ndi misomali. "Alendo" oterewa amasonkhanitsidwa, ndipo monga prophylaxis, tchire amachiritsidwa ndi fungicide.
Kusamalira "mitengo ya pinki" (izi zimasuliridwa kuchokera ku liwu lachigriki "rhododendron"), kusunga chofunika cha acidity ndi chinyezi cha nthaka, pamene kudyetsa zomera zosatha panthawi yake, mukhoza kuyamikira mvula yonse yamaluwa maluwa awo ambiri, omwe m'zaka zonsezi amakula kwambiri - monga m'minda yotchuka Leonardsley.
Chithunzi
Onani zithunzi zina za rhododendron m'munda:
