Sizokayikitsa kuti padzakhala wokonza dimba yemwe sakanawonapo kapena kuyesa mavwende a Mtsikana Wam'munda Wam'munda. Kukoma kwa uchi kumakumbutsa zaubwana. Tsopano ambiri akuyesera kukulira mavwende m'mayikidwe awo, koma kuchita bwino kumakhala kosatheka konse. Chikhalidwe, ngakhale chiri cha banja limodzi monga nkhaka ndi maukwati azamasamba odziwika bwino kwa alimi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndizofunikira kwambiri posamalira. Zosiyanasiyana za Kolkhoznitsa ndizosangalatsa, kuphatikiza kusowa kwa kusintha kwa zinthu ndi kuzizira kosavuta ndi zipatso zambiri. Wamaluwa ambiri satha kugulitsa mavwende amtunduwu masiku ano.
Melon Kolkhoznitsa, zabwino ndi zovuta zake
Melon Kolkhoznitsa, monga dzina lake likunenera, ndizopambana zomwe abusa aku Soviet Union amapeza. Zinachotsedwa m'dera la Rostov kumapeto kwa zaka za 30 za zana lomaliza, idalowa mu State Record mu 1943. Mitunduyi imalimbikitsidwa kuti ikalimbe kudera lakuda, ku North Caucasus, m'chigawo cha Volga, ku Urals, Siberia ndi Far East, ndiye kuti pafupifupi zigawo zonse za Russia. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukokomeza kuzizira kwa vwende, komwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino za msodzi. Ndipo kulawa ndi pafupifupi wosiyana ndi zipatso za "uchi" zakumwera.
Melon Kolkhoznitsa ndi mtundu womwe sunataye kutchuka kwa zaka zopitilira 70 zaulimi, wayesedwa ndi mibadwo yoposa imodzi yamaluwa
Vwende yamtunduwu imatchulidwa kuti ndi nyengo yapakatikati. Kuyambira pomwe mbeu yamera mpaka kudula zipatso zoyamba, masiku 77-95 zidutsa. Nthawi yakucha yeniyeni imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo.
Tchire silimangokhala, koma simudzawatcha kuti compact. Mphukira za mlimi wophatikizana zikufalikira mokwanira. Zimayambira ndizochepa, pang'ono pang'ono kukhudza. Masamba amakhala aing'anga pakatikati, ngati mawonekedwe a mtima, m'mphepete amalemba pang'ono.
Zomera zothandizidwira pamodzi sizitchedwa kuti compact, zotupa zake ndizitali
Chipatso (dzungu) chokhala ngati mpira wokhazikika kapena wowonda. Kulemera kwa vwende ndikochepa - 0,7-1.3 kg. Pali "akatswiri" olemera pafupifupi 2 kg, koma osowa. Ena amaganiza kuti kukula kumeneku ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Vwende ikhoza kudyedwa nthawi, silikhala mu firiji. Kutengera mtundu wa kubzala, zokolola zonse zimakhala pafupifupi 2.1-2.6 kg / m².
Mavwende ophatikizira alimi ndi ochepa, ena samazikonda, ena, m'malo mwake, amawona kukula kwa zipatsozo kukhala imodzi mwazabwino zamitundu mitundu
Khungu limanyezimira padzuwa, losalala kukhudza, mtundu wachikasu owoneka ngati lalanje kapena wagolide, nthawi zambiri popanda mawonekedwe. Nthawi zina mbali "yomwe inali moyang'anizana ndi dzuwa imawoneka" mauna "owoneka bwino. Khungu silili lakuda. Imasinthasintha koma yolimba mokwanira. Izi zimabweretsa mayendedwe abwino. Koma sungani mlimi wophatikizira kwa nthawi yayitali sizigwira ntchito. Mutha kungokulitsa nthawi pang'onopang'ono pochotsa mavwende pang'ono osapsa.
Thupi limakhala loyera ngati kirimu utoto wa batala, limakhala lokhala ndi ulusi wofowoka, limagunda pang'ono. Palibe chifukwa choyankhulira kukoma - aliyense amachidziwa ndipo pafupifupi aliyense amakonda. Ukama umakhala ndi fungo labwino ndi zolemba za uchi-vanila. Mlimi wolumikizayo amatamandidwa chifukwa cha mavwende komanso kutsekemera. Zambiri zamkati zamkati ndizokwera - 11-12%.
Kuguza kwa vwende Mlimi wophatikiza ndiwosangalatsa komanso wonunkhira bwino
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi "immune mkati" ku mitundu yonse ya bacteriosis, koma zimatha kutenga matenda ena. Makamaka mlimi wolumikizira amakhala ndi mavuto abodza komanso abodza, anthracnose ndi fusarium.
Nthawi zambiri, vwende iyi imadyedwa mwatsopano. Koma Mtsikana Wogwira Ntchito Pamunda ndi woyenera kugwira ntchito yopangidwa ndi nyumba. Imafesedwa mu madzi a shuga, kupanikizana owiritsa, kusunga, marshmallows, ngakhale kupanga maswiti, zipatso zotsekemera ndi marmalade. Kukoma kumasungidwa, fungo lokhalo limasowa.
Mlimi wolumikizira aliyense ndi woyenera kugwiritsika ntchito, komanso mitundu yonse ya zakonzedwe zopangidwa ndi nyumba, zokometsera mchere komanso makatani
Mlimi wophatikizira ndi zosiyanasiyana, osati wosakanizidwa, motero, mbewu zitha kutengedwa palokha. Komabe, patatha zaka zochepa, mbewu zomwe zimapezedwa mwanjira imeneyi zimakonda kusinthika, zilembo zamtunduwu zimatayika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kubzala zinthu kuyenera kusinthidwa.
Mbeu zokhala ndi mavwende limodzi, zomwe zimakololedwa palokha, ndizothandiza
Melon Kolkhoznitsa samangokhala wokoma, komanso wathanzi kwambiri. Zomwe zimachitika ndi zamkati zili ndi mavitamini A, C, E, gulu B. Pazinthu zofufuza, kupezeka kwa potaziyamu, magnesium, zinki, mkuwa, manganese, ayodini kumatha kuzindikirika. Zipatso zatsopano chifukwa cha zoperewera zama calorie (33-35 kcal pa 100 g) ndizophatikiza zabwino kwambiri pazakudya zilizonse. Koma kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito vwende yowuma kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuchepa thupi, ndibwino kukana. Zopatsa mphamvu za mchere chotere zimakhala pafupifupi nthawi 10.
Melon amalimbikitsa kupanga mahomoni, makamaka, serotonin. Amadziwikanso kuti "mahomoni achisangalalo." Kumwa kudya zamkati pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuti muchepetse nkhawa, kupsinjika kwa nkhawa zopanda pake, komanso kuthana ndi vuto la kugona.
CHIKWANGWANI chimathandizira kugaya zakudya zolemera, choncho vwende zimakonda kupakidwa nyama yankhumba, yophika nkhumba, ndi gawo lama saladi ambiri a nyama. Izi ndizofanana makamaka ndi zakudya za ku Mediterranean. Zimathandizanso kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni, kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi, poizoni, mchere wamchere ndi radionuclides.
Vwende ndi ham - poyambirira, kuphatikiza kosayembekezereka, koma ndizokoma kwambiri
Mabulosi amafunanso mu cosmetology. Beta-carotene yemwe amapezeka pa zamkati amayendetsa bwino khungu, amachepetsa ndikufewetsa, ndikuthandizira makwinya osalala. Maski opangidwa kuchokera ku vwende amathandizira kuchotsa mawanga azaka ndi ma freckles. Madzi akawonjezeredwa pamadzi kuti azitsuka tsitsi, amakhala ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe, mababu amalimbitsa, amayamba kuzimiririka.
Kanema: Ubwino wathanzi wa mavwende
Kubzala mbewu za mbande ndi chisamaliro chowonjezereka
Melon Kolkhoznitsa akhoza kukhala wamkulu pokhapokha pongogula komanso kuchokera pambewu zodzipangira zokha. Koma pankhani yomalizayi, amafunika kuloledwa kugona zaka 2-3. Kuchulukitsa kwa mbeu zatsopano kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, ndipo mbewu zomwe zimapezeka mwa iwo zimapanga maluwa "achimuna" kwambiri kuposa "akazi". Mbewu zazikulu komanso zazikulu kwambiri za vwende zimasankhidwa kuti zibzalidwe. Onetsetsani kuti mukubzala. Izi zimathandiza kuwonjezera kumera komanso zimathandizira kuteteza mbewu zam'tsogolo ku matenda a fungus.
Choyambirira kuchita ndikuwukitsa nthambizo kwa maola osachepera 10-12 mu njira yothanirana ndi michere. Mankhwala osiyanasiyana otere amaperekedwa m'masitolo apadera. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi Epin, Kornevin, potaziyamu humate, heteroauxin. Zina mwazinthu zachilengedwe zofanananso - madzi a aloe, uchi, succinic acid, boric acid wosakanikirana ndi zinc sulfate.
Mutha kuwiritsa vwende m'madzi wamba komanso yankho la biostimulant
Ndiye kuumiriza kumachitika. Masana, mbewu za vwende zimasungidwa mu thermos yodzaza ndi madzi otentha (pafupifupi 40 ° C). Kenako kuchuluka - pa wamba chipinda kutentha. Gawo lomaliza ndikuyika mbewu mufiriji (osati mufiriji) kwa maola 18-20.
Matenda a mafangayi - malo ofooka osiyanasiyana olima mitundu. Chifukwa chake, atatsala pang'ono kubzala m'miphika kapena pabedi, mbewu zimamizidwa kwa kotala la ola limodzi kapena kuposeranso pang'ono mu biofungicide yothilitsidwa ndi madzi mu gawo lomwe limafotokozedwa mu malangizo a wopanga. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Alirin-B, Tiovit-Jet, Strobi, Rayek, Topaz. Mbewu zochitidwa zimayenera kutsukidwa pansi pa mtsinje wamadzi ozizira ndikuwuma mpaka zitamasuka. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito rasipiberi-violet yankho la potaziyamu permanganate wa kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma nthawi yake imachulukitsa mpaka ola limodzi ndi theka mpaka maola awiri.
Potaziyamu permanganate yankho - imodzi mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Kanema: kulowetsa mavwende ofikira musanabzale
Zosefukira zilizonse, komanso kutola, vwende zimawona molakwika kwambiri. Uku ndikuyesa kwakukulu, makamaka kwa mbande zazing'ono, zomwe zimachokerako, ngati matenda akulu. Chifukwa chake, njere zimafesedwa nthawi yomweyo m'miphika ya peat, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumapitilira kapu. Sangathe kudzitamandira kuti imera yambiri, motero ndibwino kusewera mosamala, ndikuyika imodzi imodzi, koma zidutswa 2-3. Kenako mbande zimasinthidwa kupita pabedi limodzi ndi thanki, yomwe pang'onopang'ono "imasungunuka" m'nthaka.
Kubzala mbewu za vwende m'miphika za peat zimapewetsa kufalikira ndi zovuta zomwe zimagwirizana nazo mtsogolo.
M'malo mwake, mlimi wophatikiza adzakonza ma melon kuti agwirizane ndi gawo lina lonse lomwe lagulidwa m'sitolo. Koma njira yabwino kwambiri ndi chisakanizo cha humus ndi peat ndikuphatikiza ndi mchenga wochepa ndikukuphwanyidwa kukhala choko china choko kapena kaboni yodziyimira. Magawo awiri omaliza amateteza bwino kuukira kwa bowa wa pathogenic. Gawo lirilonse liyenera kufoiriridwa musanagwiritse ntchito.
Mbewu zingapo za vwende zimabzalidwa mumphika uliwonse
Mbande zikukula mwachangu, mpaka kufikira kutalika kwa masentimita 15-17 m'masiku 25-30. Pakadali pano, masamba owona 4-5 adakhazikitsidwa kale. Chifukwa chake, mbewuzo sizifesedwa kale kuposa 20 ya Epulo. Zitsanzo zopangidwa bwino zimabzalidwa m'malo okhazikika kumapeto kwa Meyi, ndipo mwina kumayambiriro kwa June. Tsiku lenileni limatsimikizika potengera nyengo nyengo za mderali. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mbewu zomwe zili "zakupsa" zimazolowera kumalo ena okhala moipa kwambiri komanso kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati zakonzedwa kuti zithetse alimi awiriwo m'malo obzala mitengo, mitengo yonse imasinthidwa masiku 15 mpaka 20 apitawo.
Mbande za Melon zimakula msanga, pafupifupi mwezi umodzi
Kukula mbande zathanzi, ngakhale wamlonda wa novice angathe:
- Mbewu ziwiri zimafesedwa m'mathanki odzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi okonzeka, yomizidwa munthaka ndi 4-5 masentimita. Pambuyo ndi pambuyo pake, gawo lapansi limasungunuka pang'ono. Maluso amatha kukhala hotbed, kutseka ndi galasi kapena filimu yowonekera. Mbeu zokhala zokha sizifunikira kuunikira. Kutentha m'chipindacho pomwe miphika imayesedwa ndi 25-30 ° C masana, ndikuchepetsa mpaka 20-22 ° C usiku.
- Njira yamera yambewu imachedwetsedwa pafupifupi sabata. Zitatha izi, mbande zimafunikira kupangira maola maola 12 osachepera. Mwachilengedwe, izi sizingatheke, kotero kuwunikira kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi wamba kapena nyali za fluorescent, kapena ma phytolamp apadera. Kutentha koyenera kwambiri pakupanga mbande zathanzi ndi 25-28 ° C.
- Popewa kukula kwa "mwendo wakuda", mchenga wabwino umangowonjezeranso pansi pazoyambira. Gawo lapansi limasungunuka kwambiri, pokhapokha litauma pambuyo pa kuthirira kale. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe mbande zimathirira madzi atangoona tsamba loyambirira lenileni. Palibe chifukwa chofunikira chodyetsera mbande zomwe zikukula. Dothi limakhala ndi chakudya choyenera kuti lizipatsa chilichonse chofunikira mpaka litasamukira kumunda kapena kubiriwira. Chosiyana ndi mbewu zomwe sizikuwoneka bwino. Amakhala patatha milungu ingapo mutatuluka mbande yogulitsa feteleza, wopangidwira mbande. Amadzipaka ndi madzi, kusungitsa moyenerera gawo lolimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga. Sipayenera kukhala ndi chlorine. Chikhalidwe chimachita mosagwirizana ndi izi.
- Mu gawo loyang'ana tsamba lachiwiri kuchokera m'miphika pomwe mbewu zonse ziwiri zidamera, fanizo lopanda pang'ono limachotsedwa. Pofuna kuti zisawononge mizu ya mbewu zomwe zatsala, sizichotsa mu dothi, koma ziduleni kapena kutsina pafupi ndi malo ake momwe zingathere.
- Mbewu, zomwe masamba atatu amapanga, amazikhidwa kuti apangitse mapangidwe atsopano ndi mphukira.
- Zofanizira zotsalira m'miphika ziyenera kuzimitsidwa. Amayamba kugwira mwambowu kwinakwake masiku 7-9 asanagulitsidwe. Patsiku loyamba, amakhala ndi maola okwanira kuti azikhala panja, ndiye kuti nthawi imeneyi imachulukana pang'onopang'ono m'njira yoti asiye mbandezo kuti "zikhale usiku" tsiku lomaliza.
Mbewu za Melon zimawonekera mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu
Kanema: momwe mungakulire wathanzi mbande za vwende ndikusamalira
Ngakhale vwende yokhala ndi nthawi imasunthidwa kupita pabedi lokonzekera pokhapokha kuwopseza kwa chisanu kwambiri kungadutse. Ngakhale mlimi wosagwirizana ndi ozizira samatha kutentha. Pofika pano, gawo lapansi liyenera kutentha mpaka 12-15 ° ะก pakuya kwa 10 cm.
Mbande za Melon zimabzalidwe kuti tsinde la tsinde limamera pang'ono pamwamba pa nthaka
Pakati pa mbeu zoyandikana pabedi amazisunga masentimita 80-90, mzerewo ndi wa masentimita 120-140. Zitsime zimathiridwa kwambiri ndi madzi otentha. Humus ochepa ndi supuni ya superphosphate yosavuta imathiridwa pansi. Mbande zimayikidwa m'mabowo kuti dothi lonyentchera pang'ono (osaposa 5 cm) likulire pamwamba pa nthaka. Sikufunika kupukuta dothi kwambiri. Ndipo, kwa masabata angapo, ndikofunikira kuteteza mbande kuti zisatulutsidwe ndi dzuwa lowala, ndikuziyika pamwamba pa kama wa arc ndikukoka pazinthu zoyera. Mutha kuziphimba ndi zikopa zikuluzikulu kapena nthambi zamtali.
Posakhalitsa mutatsitsa, kutsina ndi vwende, ndikupangitsa kuti ikwaniritse nthambi
Bedi lolondola la vwende ndikubzala mbewu mwachindunji m'nthaka
Poyerekeza ndi nkhaka ndi zukini, vwende ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtunda wa nthaka. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa mlimi wosasankha yekha wosankhidwa. Chifukwa chake, kukonzekera kwa dimba mu kugwa kuyenera kupatsidwa chidwi chachikulu.
Gawo lapansi ndilopepuka. M'nthaka chinyezi sichimayenda. Sierozem kapena loam ndibwino. Kupereka "fluffiness" yoyenera imakumbidwa kawiri - mu kugwa komanso kasupe, kwinaku milungu ingapo musanabzale. Mchenga uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku gawo lapansi lolemera - pafupifupi 5 l / m².
Kukhazikitsa kwa humus kumakupatsani mwayi wopatsa chonde chonde chofunikira cha vwende
Chofunikira china cha alimi ogwirira ntchito m'nthaka - zakudya. Chifukwa chake, pakukula, humus kapena manyowa owola (koma osakhala mwatsopano ng'ombe) umayambitsidwa. Zotsirizazi zimakhala ndi vuto pakusatetezeka kwachikhalidwe, kulawa ndi kuwoneka chipatso. Mamita amodzi okha adzafunika malita 10. Ngati mulingo wa asidi-wosiyana ndi wosiyana ndi ndale, umakhala wofanana. Mpweya wa Dolomite, phulusa la nkhuni, kapena chipolopolo cha nkhuku chophwanyika kukhala chamtundu wowonjezera umawonjezeredwa ku gawo la acidic. Mu zamchere - tchipisi cha peat kapena utuchi watsopano (bwino kwambiri pamitengo ya coniferous).
Dolomite ufa - deoxidizer wachilengedwe wachilengedwe, malinga ndi kuchuluka popanda zotsatira zoyipa
Zopangira feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri. Panthawi yokumba malo osankhidwa mu kugwa - phosphoric (35-45 g / m²) ndi potashi (20-30 g / m²), kasupe - nayitrogeni (10-15 g / m²).
Ndi gawo laling'ono lamchere, chikhalidwecho chimakhazikika, komanso chowuma kwambiri. Koma madzi apansi akuyandikira pansi pafupi ndi 1.5 m ndi chifukwa chachikulu choyang'ana dera lina la mabedi. Maofesi a mavwende ali bwino kuposa malo otsika. Chikhalidwe sichiopa kwambiri mphepo, koma mpweya wonyowa komanso chinyezi chokhala m'nthaka nthawi yayitali ukuwononga.
Mavwende amadzuka kaye ngati atenthedwa ndi dzuwa
Nyengo iliyonse yotsatira, malo atsopano amasankhidwa kuti alime mavwende. Iyenera kutsegulidwa, kuwotha ndi dzuwa. Onetsetsani kuti mwazilingalira zomwe zidakula m'mundamo kale. Mbewu zachisanu, nyemba zilizonse, mitundu yonse ya kabichi, anyezi, adyo, manyowa obiriwira sizivuta kubzala. Mlimi wosauka wokhazikika amalima pambuyo pa beets (wamba ndi masamba), kaloti ndi Solanaceae (makamaka tomato).Chikhalidwecho chimatha kubwezeretsedwanso m'munda wakale pokhapokha zaka 2-3, ndipo ngati mbewuzo zadwala, matenda "okhazikika" amapitilira zaka 5. Amabzala momwe angathere kuchokera ku nkhaka, zukini, ndi "abale" ena ochokera ku banja la Pumpkin. Kupukula mopitirira muyeso kumatheka ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka. Kusamukira kwazilombo ndizotheka kwambiri.
Tomato, monga Solanaceae ena - osakhazikitsidwa osavomerezeka a mavwende, zikhalidwe zimadwala matenda omwewo
Kubzala mbewu za vwende Kolkhoznitsa nthawi yomweyo m'mundamo, popanda pogona - njira ku Russia ikupezeka kokha kwa okhala m'chigawo cha Black Sea ndi North Caucasus. Muzochitika zina zonse, mabedi amayenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi chivundikiro pamtunda, kuchichotsa pamoto ndi kutsekanso malo obzala mukadzakhala ozizira. 10 ° C ya mlimi wophatikizira kale ndi wocheperako, zomerazi zikucheperachepera, ndipo ku Urals ndi Siberia kutentha koteroko sikwachilendo masiku ano. Chifukwa chake, wosamalira mundawo azikhala pamalopo nthawi zonse, zomwe si aliyense amachita.
Njirayi yakonzekera zaka khumi za Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni. Njira yomwe ili pamwambapa ikufunika. Chiwembu chotsimikizidwa chotsikirako chimatsatiridwanso. Mbewu mumabowo okonzedwa ndi osungunuka amafesedwa mu zidutswa zingapo, owazidwa ndi peat wobowoka kapena humus wophatikizidwa ndi phulusa. Makulidwe oyenera ndi masentimita 4-5. Mpaka mbewu za wolima pamodzi zitamera, kama wake umasungidwa pansi pa pulasitiki wakuda. Kenako imasinthidwa kukhala "wowonjezera kutentha", kukoka pamakona pazinthu zophimba. Mbewu zikafika pokulira mbande zoyenera kubzala m'nthaka zimatha kuchotsedwa tsiku limodzi. Pambuyo masiku ena 20-25, wowonjezera kutentha amachotsedwa kwathunthu. Malo oterowo ndi othandizanso kuteteza gawo lapansi kuti lisamatunge madzi. Chifukwa chake, iwo omwe ali ndi "chidziwitso" chachikulu pakukula kwa mavwende, amalangizani kuti abwezeretsenso, nthawi yotentha ikadzayamba kugwa komanso kuzizira.
Chovala chophimba chimateteza mavwende kuti asazizidwe, kutentha ndi kuwaza madzi m'nthaka
Kusamalira mbande m'mundamo kuli ofanana chifukwa zimafuna mbande za alimi onse pawindo. Yoyenera kuthirira ambiri kuyanika gawo lapansi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mavwende samadyetsedwa kale kuposa miyezi 1.5 mutamera kumera. Ndikofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito nthawi ndi mphamvu zanu kuti mupewe tizilombo. Zitha kuvulaza kwambiri ana ang'ono kuposa mbewu zazikulu.
Mukabzala mbewu za vwende mu dothi, nthawi yofunikira pakati pawo iyenera kusamalidwa
Malangizo a kukula kwa vwende Wophatikiza pamodzi mlimi poyera komanso wowonjezera kutentha
Mlimi wophatikiza amafanana ndi "abale" ake mosasunthika pakuchoka, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti munthu akuyembekeza kuti atenge mbewu yabwino popanda lingaliro lililonse laukadaulo waluso.
Nthawi yochuluka yomwe imadutsa pakati pa kuthirira imakhudzidwa ndi zaka zam'mera ndi nyengo. Kwa mlungu umodzi ndi theka mpaka masabata awiri kuti mbande zisasunthidwe mpaka malo okhazikika, dothi limasungidwa m'malo owuma nthawi zonse, kuthirira Mkazi Wophatikiza pamodzi pakatha masiku awiri ndi atatu. Kenako zopangidwira pakati pa njirazi zimakulitsidwa mpaka masiku 6 - 7 (pakalibe mpweya). Koma pakuwotcha, kunyowetsa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa gawo kungafunike. Masiku 14-16 zisanadulidwe zipatso, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa kwathunthu kuti vwende lipeze kutsekemera kwambiri ndipo osasweka.
Kuthirira madzi ndi njira yoyenera kwambiri osati kwa vwende, komanso kwa "abale" ake - nkhaka ndi zukini
Mlingo wamadzi omwe waperekedwa posachedwa ndi maluwa ndi 1.5-2 malita, chifukwa mavwende akuluakulu - malita 3.5-4. Zabwino kwa mbewu, ngati njirayi ikuchitika m'mawa. Nthawi iliyonse pambuyo pake, dothi limamasulidwa mosamala. Madzi amathiridwa m'mayendedwe kumapeto kwake kapena mphete zozungulira mozungulira zimayambira. Kuthirira kwa Drip ndikothandiza pachikhalidwe, koma kukonza zonse zomwe mumafunikira sizikhala bwino kwenikweni. Koma kukonkha ndi kuthirira kuchokera kuthirira, payipi ya wolimira pamodzi siyikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri. Kugwa komwe kumagwera masamba ndi mphukira kumayambitsa kukula kwa zowola, kugwa kwamaluwa ndi mazira azipatso, makamaka ngati madzi ozizira agwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuthira pansi pamizu sikulinsoyenera - gawo latsopanolo limatsukidwa mwachangu kwa iwo, amawonekera ndipo amawuma.
Kugwa komwe kumagwera pamasamba, mphukira, maluwa ndi thumba losunga zipatso kungapangitse kukula kwa zowola
Kuti likhale logwirizana, vwende nthawi zonse limafunikira magawo a macronutrients, chifukwa chake limadyetsedwa pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, njirayi imachitika pakatha milungu ingapo (kapena kupitilira apo) kuyambira pomwe ndikufotokozera mbande pansi. Mpaka pomwe mazira opangira zipatso atakhazikitsa, chikhalidwechi chimafunikira nayitrogeni. Feteleza kwambiri omwe amakhala ndi macroelement awa ndi carbamide, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate. Amabweretsedwa mawonekedwe owuma, akumwaza pakama atamasulidwa, kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi. Kuthamanga kwa mankhwalawa mu njira yothetsera vutoli sikungapindulitse mbewu; 10 g pa 10 malita akukwanira.
Urea, monga feteleza wina wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, amadzutsa mavwende kuti azitha kupanga masamba obiriwira mwachangu.
Mutha kuphika ndikudya nokha. Manyowa ang'ombe atsopano, zitosi za nkhuku, masamba am'madzi, ndi masamba a dandelion amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida. Chidebecho chimadzaza ndi iwo pafupifupi chitatu ndikuwonjezera madzi ofunda. Kenako chidebecho chimatsekedwa mwamphamvu ndikusiyidwa kwa masiku 3-4 padzuwa. Zowona kuti feteleza ndi wokonzeka zitha kuweruzidwa ndikuwoneka ngati "fungo" labwino. Musanagwiritse ntchito, iyenera kusefedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1:10. Kuzungulira kwa zitosi mu yankho kumatsitsidwa ndi 1.5 nthawi ina.
Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle - feteleza wachilengedwe wachilengedwe wopanda mawonekedwe
Kucha zipatso kumafunikira makamaka phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Kudyetsa mavwende nthawi imeneyi, amasinthana feteleza wogula wogulira (gumi Omi, tsamba loyera, Master, Bona Forte). Wamaluwa omwe samakonda mankhwala asinthanitsidwe ndi phulusa. Mutha kungowonjezera pamtunda wa zimayambira kapena kukonzekera kulowetsedwa, kutsanulira malita 0,5 a zida ndi madzi atatu otentha.
Phulusa la nkhuni - gwero lachilengedwe la potaziyamu ndi phosphorous
Kanema: Malangizo a Melon Care
Kapangidwe ka Mtsikana Wam'munda Wogwirizana ndi njira yovomerezeka. Zochitika za wamaluwa zikuwonetsa kuti maluwa "achimuna" okha amapangika pa mphukira yayikulu. "Chachikazi", ndipo, motero, zipatso zimapangidwa kokha pamakutu am'mbali. Kuti chomera chikhale nthambi, sinthani vwende pamalo okukula mbande. Koma sikuyenera kuyinyamula. Mu malo oyenera akummwera kwa chikhalidwe, mutha kusiya mphukira 3-4, ku Urals, Siberia, madera ena okhala ndi nyengo yofananira - osaposa awiri.
Maluwa "Amphongo" m'misempha ya vwende, monga lamulo, amapangidwa kwambiri, kuposa "chachikazi", makamaka ngati mbewu zatsopano
Pa tchire lamphamvu alimi onse amasiya zipatso za 5-6, pa zomwe zidakulirakulira - pazitali 2-3. Iyenera kugawidwa mochulukirapo kapena pang'ono. Kutalika kocheperako pakati pawo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Amaganiziranso momwe kumakhalira kutentha ndi dzuwa mumsewu. Ngati nyengo ya vwende ndi yosavomerezeka, katundu pazomera zimatsitsidwa.
Kuchuluka kwa zipatso zomwe zasiyidwa pamakutu a vwende zimadalira pazinthu zingapo.
Kenako muyenera kudikirira mpaka mazira azipatso afika kukula kwa dzira la nkhuku. Mphukira zosankhidwa zimadula pamapepala asanu kuchokera ku chipatso chomaliza. Komanso, ayenera kuchotsa onse oyang'ana mbali. Pansi pa zipatso zakupsa, adaika zojambulazo, galasi, plywood, kuyimitsa padenga kuti aziiteteza kuti isakhudzidwe ndi nthaka. Izi zimatha kubweretsa kukula kwa zowola. Pazifukwa zomwezo, zotsalira zamaluwa zamaluwa zimachotsedwa m'mimba zamavuto.
Kucha mavwende sikungagone mwachindunji pansi, izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kukula kwa zowola
Kanema: Kusintha kwa Melon
Kudziwa ngati vwende ndi kucha ndikosavuta. Imayamba kufalitsa fungo labwino, khomalo limapeza mthunzi wake, mtundu wake wobiriwira umasowa, phesi limawuma. Mukamagogoda pa vwende, kumveka phokoso. Mlimi wolumikizayo amadulidwa m'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo, nyengo yadzuwa, limodzi ndi gawo la peduncle 4-5 cm. Nthawi yomweyo, simungathe kukoka chikwapu kapena kupotoza.
Mulimonsemo, mavwende akakhwima a mitundu ya Kolkhoznitsa samasungidwa nthawi yayitali, koma zipatso zosapsa nthawi imeneyi ndizitali
Zipatso zimasamaliridwa mosamala kwambiri. Kudya kwa mlimi wophatikiza ndi wowonda kwambiri, koma kuwonongeka kwake pang'ono kumayambitsa kuvunda kwa mavwende. Njira ikuchitika mwachangu kwambiri, m'masiku atatu. Sungani zokolola mufiriji kutali ndi maapulo ndi nthochi zomwe zimapanga ethylene mwachangu. Kututa sikulimbikitsidwa. Overripe Pamodzi wolima akumalandira kukoma kosasangalatsa.
Melon ali ndi katundu wokucha atadulidwa pachomera. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mukulitse pang'ono moyo wa alumali. Zipatso zotere zimasungidwa m'malo amdima komanso mpweya wabwino wabwino pa kutentha kwa 8-10 ° C ndi chinyezi 60-65%.
Kulima limodzi paliponse msipu wobiriwira kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza zokolola masabata 2-2,5 m'mbuyomu kuposa panthaka. Mu nthawi yophukira, gawo lapansi liyenera kutsukidwa ndi zinyalala za chomera ndikuthiriridwa ndi kutaya madzi otentha kapena rasipiberi wa potaziyamu ya potaziyamu. Onetsetsani kuti mwathira dothi la humus mwatsopano ndi makulidwe osachepera masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Magalasi ndi malo ena ake amapukutidwa ndi yankho la mandimu osenda. Ngakhale utachotsa matenda, mutha kuwotcha mkati mwa kachidutswa kakang'ono ka sulfure.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kuchokera pakulima kwakunja ndikuti wosamalira mundawo azisamalira kupukutira paokha. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani duwa "lamphongo", chotsani pamiyalayo pamanja, ndi bulashi yofewa kapena tamba la thonje, samutsani mungu ku zoyerekeza "zazimayi" (zimatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi kupezeka kwa ovary yazipatso pamunsi).
Malo mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi ochepa, kotero mavwende amakula kokha pa trellis. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse pang'ono pakati pazomera (mpaka 70 cm). Mphukira zomwe zikubwera zimatsogozedwa kumtunda ndipo zimamangirizidwa ndi mawaya otambasuka mozungulira pomwe akukula. Podziyimira "kukwawa" pachithandizo, kumamamatira, mlimi wosagwirizana sangathe.
Wobiriwira wokula mavwende ayenera kukhala okwera, osachepera 2 m
Pamene thumba losunga mazira likufika kukula kwa mpira kwa tenisi, iliyonse imayikidwa mu ukonde. Iyenso, amamatira mbedza yolumikizidwa ku chithandizo chomwecho. Mavwende okhala mu wowonjezera kutentha ndiowoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa omwe amapezeka poyera. Amakhala amitundu, ofanana, komanso khungu losalala lopanda "ma tubercles".
Mphukira za mlimi wophatikizika ndizochepa thupi, zimatha kuthyoka ndi kulemera kwa chipatsocho
Wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala wowonjezera mpweya. Chinyezi chachikulu komanso mpweya wabwino ndi malo abwino amoyo wa tizirombo ambiri. Ndizoyenera bowa za pathogenic.
Dziko la melon ndi Central Asia. Chifukwa chake, limalekerera kutentha. Koma ngati matenthedwe akukwera pamwamba pa 35 ° C, momwe mbewu zimapangidwira zimachepera, "zimawuma." Kuti mupewe izi, nyengo yotentha yam'mphepete mwa njirayi mumadzazidwa ndi madzi ozizira, ndipo mawindo amafafiziridwa ndi mandimu a madzi ophatikizidwa ndi madzi ochokera mkati.
Kanema: Kusamalira mavwende okulira mu wowonjezera kutentha
Chobweretsa chachikulu cha mitundu ndiyomwe imakonda kuwonongeka ndi bowa wa pathogenic. Kusamalira moyenera, kusinthasintha kwa mbeu ndi kupendekeka kokwanira pakati pa mbeu ndizothandiza kupewa, koma pali njira zina zothandiza. Zowopsa kwambiri kwa mlimi wogwirizana:
- Powdery Mildew Masamba ndi mphukira amaphimbidwa ndi kachigawo kakang'ono kwambiri, okumbukira za ufa wosweka. Pang'onopang'ono imayamba kuzimiririka ndikusintha, kusintha mtundu kukhala imvi. Tiziwalo tomwe timakhudzidwa timawuma ndikufa.
- Peronosporosis (downy mildew). Mbali yakutsogolo kwa pepalalo, mawanga achikasu achikaso osakhazikika bwino, mbali yolakwika imamangidwa ndi chosakanizira cha phulusa lofiirira. Tizilombo tomwe timakhudzidwa timawola, timachita khungu, timafa.
- Fusarium (muzu wowola). Pansi pazomwe zimayambira zimakhazikika, zokutidwa ndi "kulira" mabala a bulauni. Fungo losasangalatsa labwino limachokera panthaka.
- Anthracnose. Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi malo owoneka ngati bulauni, pa mphukira ndi zipatso "zilonda" zopendekeka za mtundu wa beige kapena pinki zimapangidwa. Tizilombo tomwe timakhudzidwa timavunda ndikufa.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Zizindikiro zamatenda wamba a vwende Limodzi
- Powdery mildew pamasamba imawoneka ngati yovulaza yopanda vuto yomwe ndiyosavuta kuyimitsa, koma kwenikweni ndi matenda oopsa
- Nyengo yamvula yotentha imathandizira kukulitsa kwa peronosporosis
- Ndizosatheka kuzindikira kukula kwa fusarium kumayambiriro.
- Anthracnosis ndi matenda owopsa omwe amakula msanga.
Kuletsa kukula kwa matendawa ndikosavuta kuposa kulimbana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa pambuyo pake. Popewa, pakumasula, gawo loyambira pabedi limakonkhedwa ndi sulufule yosakhazikika, mbewu zomwezi zimapukusidwa ndi choko kapena phulusa lamatabwa. Ma kristalo angapo a potaziyamu permanganate nthawi zina amawonjezeredwa kumadzi kuti azithirira, ndikuwapatsa pinki. Anyezi ndi adyo obzalidwa mozungulira mtunda ndi pakati pa mizere. Zomera izi zimatulutsa zosasinthika, ndikuwononga bowa wa pathogenic.
Ndikofunika kuzungulira bedi ndi mavwende ozungulira mozungulira ndi anyezi kapena adyo, uku ndikothandiza kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus
Landings iyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi, kufunafuna zizindikiro zokayikitsa. Poyambirira, chitukuko, wowerengeka azitsamba ndi wokwanira kulandira chithandizo. Zodziwika bwino za izo - nyumba yithovu kapena sopo wobiriwira wobiriwira, wosungunulidwa ndi madzi, phulusa la koloko kapena koloko yowotcha, kulowetsedwa kwa mpiru. Kefir kapena kuchepetsedwa kwa 1 kefir kapena Whey yowonjezera ndi ayodini (dontho pa lita) ndiwofunikanso.
Ngati nthawi yakusowa kapena palibe zotsatira zoyembekezeredwa, pitani ku "zojambula zolemetsa" - fungicides. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitilekerera zinthu zamkuwa. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochizira maluwa ndipo ngati yatsala mwezi umodzi kuti isanakolole.
Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe komwe mumakonda ndikamakonda, ndizoyipa kwambiri chilengedwe. Palinso zodalirika, zotsimikiziridwa ndi mibadwo yambiri ya wamaluwa, Bordeaux madzi, mkuwa sulphate. Monga lamulo, chithandizo cha 3-4 ndi nthawi yotalikirana masiku 4-6 ndizokwanira. Koma mtsogolomo chitukuko cha matendawo, kupambana sikotsimikizika. Fusarium ndiyowopsa makamaka m'lingaliro ili. The bowa kwa nthawi yayitali limangokhala mizu, osadziwonetsa mwanjira iliyonse chomera.
Bordeaux madzi ndi fungosis wofala kwambiri, wosavuta kukonzekera wekha
Mitundu yowonongeka kwambiri yomwe singathenso kupulumutsidwa siyenera kudandaula. Izi ndizoyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa chake, amachotsedwa m'mundamo ndikuwotchedwa. Gawo laling'ono lamalo lino limatulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikutaya ndi njira yothetsera mavitamini a potaziyamu permanganate kapena 5% yamkuwa.
Mavwende ku Siberia
Kukula vwende Kolkhoznitsa ku Siberia ndizotheka, ngakhale poyera. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera izi chifukwa chakuzizira chifukwa cha chisanu komanso nyengo yayifupi.
Chisankho chabwino kudera lino ndi bedi lotentha. Dothi lozama lokwanira masentimita khumi ndi limodzi limachotsedwa pamalo osankhidwa ndikuyika manyowa owola 4-5 masentimita ndikuyikhira pansi, kenako, dzenjelo limakutidwa ndi masamba, masamba, nthambi zazing'ono, utuchi, ndi zinyalala zina za mbewu. Kuchokera kumwamba, yonse imakhetsedwa ndi yankho la feteleza wa nayitrogeni (20-25 g pa 10 l) ndi wosanjikiza dothi lachonde 20-25 cm ndikuthira.
Bedi lofunda limatenthetsera mwachangu kuposa masiku onse mu kasupe
Zomera zobwezerani ku Siberia sizachilendo komanso osati mchaka chokha. Ngati kuzizira kukuyembekezeka, mbande imatetezedwa ku zotsatira zoyipa, ndikupanga zozungulira mozungulira pabedi. Njira ina ndikutsuka mavwende ndi Epin kuchepetsedwa m'madzi ozizira (5 L ampoule). Zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimatha masiku 7-8.
Chithandizo cha Epin chimathandiza kuteteza mavwende ku kutentha kochepa
Kanema: Kulima mapira ku Siberia
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Mlimi wolumikizira ndi kanyenyekapakati pa nyengo, walembedwa "masiku 77-110", mumvetsetse momwe mukufuna. Mwina zipsa m'chigawo cha Moscow, kapena ayi. M'mbuyomu, nthawi zambiri ndidabzala mbeu za ku Turkmen mavwende omwe adatsalira pambuyo pa vwende. Ndidabzala mu greenhouse, ndipo, kudabwitsidwa kwanga, adakula ngati mpira, ena anali okoma, ena ayi.
Mandrake
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Chaka chatha, mlimi wophatikiza adakulitsa mavwende m'chiwembu chake - mbewuyo inali yabwino kwambiri, monganso kumwera. Koma, ngati mukukumbukira, chilimwe chatha chinali chotentha kwambiri. Ndipo chaka chino palinso mbewu, koma mavwende ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo sanakhwime. Ndimaganiza kuti zipsa ndi nthawi yophukira, koma nsonga za onsewo zinauma.
Mankhwala
//indasad.ru/forum/62-ogorod/6437-dynya-kolkhoznitsa-raz-na-raz-ne-prikhoditsya
Melon Kolkhoznitsa anali ndi ine. Ndiye wokoma kwambiri kuposa onse. Koma opanda m'modzi - kuchokera pachomera chimodzi chokha zipatso 1-2, popeza izi ndi mitundu!
Charlie 83
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Kulima mavwende amtundu wamitundu yonse pamodzi. Pali mavwende chaka chilichonse, koma amakoma kwambiri ngati nkhaka ...
Milla
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Mayi anga adadzala mavwende atatu a mtundu wa Kolkhoznitsa mu wowonjezera kutentha chaka chatha. Mavwende ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa omwe amasungira, onunkhira kwambiri, opsa, koma osakoma kwambiri. Zowona, adabzalidwa pakona patali pobiriwira, mwina mulibe kuwala kokwanira. Chaka chino tiwayika pamalo owunikiridwa kwambiri.
Blondilla
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Kwa zaka ziwiri ndidabzala mavwende (Spark, Chill, Rakhat Lukum, Sugar Baby) ndi mavwende (Atsikana Ogwira Ntchito Zapulazi, Golden). Mwachilengedwe, kudzera mbande, ndinabzala chilichonse poyera mu theka lachiwiri la Meyi. Amayamba kucha mkatikati mwa Ogasiti. Mavwende sanali akulu, koma onunkhira kwambiri komanso okoma.
Mkazi waku Turkey
//forum.na-svyazi.ru/?showtopic=1486397
Ndimakhala m'nyumba yanyumba, tili ndi dimba lalikulu motero tikuyesera kubzala chilichonse. Kuphatikizapo vwende. Ndimakonda mavwende. Ndakhala ndikulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolima kwa zaka 4, ndimakonda, mbewuyo sinalepherepo. Melon Kolkhoznitsa ndiwo mitundu yotchuka kwambiri, yosiyanasiyana ndi yapakatikati ndipo ndiyofalikira. Zipatso zimasungidwa bwino, komanso sizikuwonongeka pakuyenda. Ndimapanga kupanikizana komanso kupanikizana kuchokera pazipatsozo, ndikuisunga m'mitsuko, kenako nthawi yozizira ndimalandira chakudya chokoma kwambiri. Tsegulani mtsuko ndi fungo. Mtengowo pawokha ndi tsinde loonda, ndi wamtali kwambiri. Zipatso zimamera mosiyanasiyana, wachikasu-lalanje pamtundu, yosalala kukhudza. Zipatsozo zikadulidwa, timawona zamkati zoyera, zimakoma kwambiri komanso ndere. Ndipo momwe zimamvekera ... sindingathe kukufotokozerani fungo lokhazikika. Zipatso zokoma kwambiri! Pambuyo kumera, muyenera kudikirira masiku 80-90 ndipo zipatso zimacha. Ine ndi mwamuna wanga timatola makilogalamu 5 kuchokera pachomera chimodzi. Vunani okwanira banja lonse, ndipo yandikirani mumitsuko ya maswiti nthawi yachisanu. Nthawi zina timagulitsa komanso kuchitira anzathu komanso anzathu!
Darinkaa
//otzovik.com/review_925028.html
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mavwende, sungathe kulemba mayina onsewo, koma kwa zaka zambiri, zambiri, zaka zambiri Mtsikana Wolumikizana Wamunda wakhala wokondedwa wanga !!! Momwe ndimamukondera !!! Za juicness, kukoma, kukoma ndi kudekha, komanso ngakhale kakang'ono kwake !!! Zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti ndizosavuta kudya nthawi imodzi, ndipo sikgona mufiriji yanu yodula ndi mphepo !!! Ndipo ngati imodzi siyokwanira, ndiye kuti mutha kudya ziwiri kapena zitatu nthawi imodzi! Mwana wanga wamwamuna amakonda vwendeyi. Amasamalira ena modekha, koma amamukonda bwino !!!
Pinki
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Nthawi yonseyi ankalakalaka kumera mavwende ake m'mundamo. Ndimakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo. Kudera lathu lakumpoto, mitundu ya vwende yakhala ikugulitsidwa. Ndinayesera kukulitsa kale kangapo. Ziphuphu zakula, koma osati zazikulu kwambiri. Tiyenera kuwabzala mbande. Uyu ndi mutu wina. Pambuyo pochulukitsidwa, adazika nthawi yayitali, wina akhoza kunena, ngakhale mopweteka. Anayenera kugawa malo mu wowonjezera kutentha pakati pa tomato kapena nkhaka. Ichi ndi chomera cha thermophilic. Koma, monga momwe ndidamvetsetsera chaka chatha, ndikofunikira kuti kanemayo adachotsedwa kwathunthu panthawi yachisanu. Mwangozi, tinaponya mbewu zingapo za vwende mu bedi lotseguka m'munda. Chifukwa chake, kunja kudali kotentha, adagona abale awo mchipinda chobiriwira chitukuko. Koma masiku osangalatsa atafika, adasiya kukula. Ndipo ndidazindikiranso kuti njere zakugwa mwangozi izi zidamera mwamphamvu komanso zathanzi kuposa mbewu zomwe zidamera kunyumba. Chochititsa chidwi, mavwende, ngati phwetekere, amatha kucha kunyumba. Kugwa kamodzi, tinatenga kanyumba kosakhwima wobiriwira kunyumba, posangalatsa. Kuyambira wobiriwira, idasanduka chikaso. Ngakhale tonsefe tinadya mavwende athu okulira, sitinawone kuyamwa kwambiri. Komabe, mwina chifukwa chosowa dzuwa.
Lezera
//otzovik.com/review_420994.html
Kukula mavwende m'munda ndivuto lalikulu. Koma pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ilipo kwa alimi odziwa ntchito kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, Msungwana Wam'munda Wam'munda, yemwe ali ndi zabwino zambiri, chifukwa chake wakwanitsa mpikisano wosalekeza wazopanga zatsopano kwa zaka zopitilira 70. Kusamalira mbewu sikovuta kwambiri, komabe, muyenera kudziwa bwino za luso laulimi pasadakhale. Mwa zoyesayesa zomwe zidachitika, mlimi wogwirira ntchito adzathokoza wosamalira mundawo ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri.
