Maranta ndi udzu wachilendo wa banja la Marantov. Mtengo wake waukulu ndi masamba akulu okhala ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kukhulupirira kuti ichi ndi chomera chamoyo. Zazithunzi zomwe zimafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa malamulo am'mabuku, "arrowroot" imatchedwa "kupemphera kapena udzu wa pemphero", "woyendayenda", "chule wamkazi". Dziko lakwawo ndi nkhalango zanyontho za ku Brazil, pomwe mmeramo mumakhala madera akuluakulu. Musawope kuyang'ana kwachilendo, kusamalira kunyumba kwa arrowroot ndikotheka kwa wolemba ngakhale wosadziwa pang'ono.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Maranta ndi therere losatha wokhala ndi nthangala ya nthangala. Pa mizu yopyapyala timatupa totupa. Amakhala ndi wowuma kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chakudya. Tsinde la chomera chaching'ono limakhala ndi chikhalidwe cholimba, koma ndikamakula motalika, imayamba kumira pansi. Kukula pachaka kumakhala kochepa, kutalika kwa chitsamba chachikulire sikupita masentimita 60. Kufikira masamba asanu ndi limodzi atsopano.
Masamba a Petiole a zobiriwira zakuda kapena mtundu wabuluu amakula mosiyana awiriawiri. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi m'mphepete mozungulira. Palinso mitundu ina yokhala ndi masamba owongoka. Mitsempha yapakati komanso yotsatira imapezeka pamapepala. Mumitundu yambiri, amasinthidwa ndi mizere yaying'ono yosiyanasiyana ya kirimu, wobiriwira pang'ono kapena yoyera. Pomwe mithunzi yobiriwira yayitali imakhala kumbali yakumaso kwa masamba, pinki, ndimu kapena zoyera. Kutalika kwa pepalali ndi 10-15 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 5-9 cm.
Masana, masamba amatembenuka, omwe amatchedwa "pemphero la mivi." Madzulo masamba amasamba, ngati chimakupiza, ndikuwonetsa mbali yawo yotsika, ndipo pofika m'mawa amatsika ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe owala.
Maluwa amapezeka m'miyezi yotentha. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amakhala akuwoneka kuti akuwoneka kuchokera pamwamba pa phesi la arrowroot. Mitundu ya maluwa ang'onoang'ono ikhoza kukhala yoyera, yachikaso, kapena yapinki. Inde, maluwa ang'onoang'ono sangapikisane ndi masamba owoneka bwino. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, ma nguluwe ophatikizika ndi mbeu amapangika m'malo mwa maluwa.
Mitundu ya arrowroot
Mwathunthu, pali mitundu 25 ya arrowroot ndi mitundu ingapo yokongoletsera.
Arrowroot ndi tricolor (tricolor). Chomera chotchuka kwambiri. Mitundu itatu imakhala pakapepala kamtambo nthawi imodzi: yamdima (nthawi zambiri yapinki) pakati, mitsempha yosiyanako ndi mbali zopepuka. Ndi mu mtundu uwu pomwe mawanga 10 amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa malamulo. Ena amati mawonekedwewa amafanana ndi kambambo ka nsomba.
Mivi ndi mayimbidwe awiri. Chomera chimakhala ndi masamba osalaza mpaka 15cm. Petiole ndi pansi pa tsamba ndizopinki komanso zokutira ndi kufunda kwapafupipafupi. Pamwamba pa pepalalo pepalalo ndi losalala komanso labwinobwino konsekonse.
Bokosilo ndi loyera. Chomera chaudzu chokhala ndi phesi yolimba mpaka 30 cm chimanyamula masamba akulu owoneka ndi mtima. Kutsogolo kwawo, pamaso obiriwira obiriwira, mitsempha yoyera yoyera ikuwoneka. Kumbuyo kuli ndi mtundu wofiirira.
Reed arrowroot. Chomera chachikuluchi (mpaka 130 cm) chimakhala ndi makulidwe owuma. Mizu yake imakutidwa ndi tubers. Masamba olowa okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa utoto wopakidwa utoto wakuda.
Kuswana
The arrowroot ingafalitsidwe m'njira zingapo:
- Kufesa mbewu. Mbande zimayamba kukula kumayambiriro kwamasika. Kuti muchite izi, konzani bokosi lalikulu ndi dothi lonyowa. Mbewu zimagawidwa mu zitsime ndi pang'ono wosweka ndi dothi. Kuwombera kumawonekera mkati mwa masiku 5-15. Nyengo yonse yolima iyenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 15 ... + 19 ° C. Zomera zokhala ndi masamba awiri atatu zimasambira mumiphika umodzi.
- Gawani chitsamba. Chomera chachikulu chimakumbidwa ndikumasulidwa pansi. Muzu umadulidwa mosamala kuti pagawo lirilonse pakhale timabowo angapo ndi masamba awiri. Masamba odulawo amawaza ndi makala oswedwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo amabzalidwa mopepuka, dothi lonyowa pang'ono.
- Mizu yodula. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, mutha kudula kwa wamkulu arrowroot ndondomeko 8-10 masentimita ndi masamba awiri wathanzi. Muziviika m'madzi kwa milungu 4-5. Pambuyo pakupanga kwampweya wathunthu, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa m'nthaka ya peaty ndikuisunga pamalo otentha komanso achinyezi.
Kusamalira mbewu
Kusamalira arrowroot sikufuna kuchita zambiri, kunyumba ndikofunikira kuti iye asankhe malo oyenera. Zomera zonse zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimafunikira kuwala kowala, kosakanikirana. Popanda icho, chojambula chokongola chimazirala. Komabe, kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji Marante ndikotsutsana. M'nyengo yozizira, ma tchire amafunika kuwunikira kuti apereke masana maola pafupifupi 16.
M'zipinda zotentha kwambiri, arrowroot imakula bwino. Kutentha kwambiri kwa duwa ndi + 22 ... + 24 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, kuzizira kumaloledwa mpaka + 15 ° C, koma zinthu ngati izi sizinapangidwe mwadala. Zomera sizifunikira nthawi yopumira.
Chinyezi mchipinda chokhala ndi arrowroot chikuyenera kukhala chokwezeka. Zabwino, zitha kufikira 90%. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupopera masamba ambiri kangapo patsiku, gwiritsani ntchito zoziziritsa kukhosi ndikuyika miphika pafupi ndi malo okhala m'madzi, thirauza ndi miyala yamiyala. Pakapopera, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyeretsedwa kuti limescale isawononge masamba.
Muyenera kuthirira mbewuyo nthawi zonse, masiku atatu aliwonse. Ndi kutentha kocheperako, kusiyana kumeneku kumakulitsidwa. Chinyezi chambiri chimayenera kusiya mphikawo momasuka, poto uyeneranso kutsanulidwa. Madzi othirira ayenera kukhala otentha pang'ono kuposa kutentha kwa mpweya. Iyenera kutetezedwa bwino ndikuphatikizidwa pang'ono ndi mandimu.
Maranta amafunikira kudya pafupipafupi. Mu Epulo-Sepemba, kawiri pamwezi, nyimbo zopangira mchere zam'nyumba zamkati ndi masamba okongoletsera zimayikidwa panthaka. Mlingo wowonetsedwa paphukusi sayenera kupitilira. Ndi feteleza wambiri, arrowroot amatha kufa.
Duwa limasulidwa mchaka chimodzi. Miphika imadzazidwa kwambiri, koma osati zakuya kwambiri. Mahavu ndi zonyowa zonyamula miyala (miyala, shards, dongo lotukulidwa) ndizofunikira pansi. Dothi la arrowroot limapangidwa ndi zinthu monga izi:
- land sheet (mbali ziwiri);
- tsamba humus (1 gawo);
- dziko la coniferous (gawo 1);
- mchenga wamtsinje (gawo limodzi).
Ndikofunika kuwonjezera zidutswa zazing'ono pamakala osakanikirana ndi dothi kuti muchepetse kuwola.
Pamapeto pa dzinja, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzidulira msomali kuti mupange chitsamba chobiriwira, chotsika. Popanda izi, zimayambira zaka 3-4 zimakulitsidwa ndikuwululidwa.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, arrowroot nthawi zambiri samadwala matenda azomera ndi majeremusi. M'zipinda zozizira kwambiri, ndikasefukira pansi m'nthaka, zowola zimayamba kumera. Mutha kuthawa chifukwa cha kuziika ndikuchotsa madera azomera. Rhizome ndi nthaka amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala antifungal.
Ngati chipindacho chili chouma kwambiri, chiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka kangaude chikukula. Ndizovuta kudziwa, koma zopumira zazing'ono kwambiri pamasamba ndi kapeti yopyapyala m'mphepete zimayamba kuonekera. Olima ena amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achilengedwe ngati njira yothira sopo, koma mankhwala ophera tizilomboto ndi othandiza kwambiri.
