Gimenokallis - kukula ndi kusamalira kunyumba, mitundu yazithunzi

Gimenokallis (Hymenocallis) - chomera chochulukitsa chomwe chili ndi maluwa okongola achilendo komanso kununkhira kosangalatsa. Malo omwe Gimenokallis adabadwira Kumwera ndi Central America, ndi malo otentha omwe mbewu iyi imakula mwachilengedwe.

Maonekedwe opanda peduncle sadziwika kwenikweni, amaphatikiza ma hymenocallis ku banja la Amaryllis. Dzinali limachokera ku mawu awiri achi Greek, "hymen" amatanthauza kanema, ndipo "callos" amatanthauzidwa ngati kukongola. Dzinali limadziwika bwino ndi mtundu wa hymenocallis nthawi yamaluwa, stamens amasakanizidwa ndi mafoni chifukwa cha izi maluwa amawoneka achilendo kwambiri. Masamba amakula ndi 50-100 cm, koma peduncle nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako poyerekeza ndi unyinji wobiriwira wazomera.

Onaninso momwe mungakulire amaryllis wamkati.

Kusiyana pakati pa hymenocallis ndi ismen

Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwakhazikika m'chilengedwe cha hymenocallis, ndizovuta kutulutsa molondola. Akatswiri ena nthawi zina samasiyanitsa ndi mtundu, koma izi ndizomera zosiyana:

• gimenokallis amaponya peduncle imodzi yokha, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapanga mapulani abodza kuchokera pambale zakufa masamba;
• mu Izmena duwa limakhala pa ngodya pafupi ndi peduncle; ku Gimenokallis, maluwa amakonzedwa molunjika;
• maluwa obiriwira maluwa ali ndi mbiri ya izmena; izi sizachilendo kwa hymenocallis.

Zosangalatsa! Amakhulupirira kuti Izmena adasiyanitsidwa ndi heminocallis, koma ngakhale tsopano mbewu ziwiri izi ndi za banja limodzi.

Kusamalira gimenokallis kunyumba. Mwachidule

Chomera sichosankha, gimenokallis imakonda kwambiri kunyumba, chinthu chachikulu ndikupanga zinthu zovomerezeka kwa izo. Ngakhale wolima wowamba sangakhale ndi zovuta ndi izi, zikuluzikulu zimakhala:

Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali ndikofunikira, ndikusamalidwa moyenera babu imodzi imakula ndikukula, ndikuyambira kukhala pachaka.

Kusamalira gimenokallis kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Chomera gimenokallis chimakhala bwino kunyumba, aliyense akhoza kuchikulitsa. Njira zazikuluzikulu ndizothirira munthawi yake komanso kuwunikira kokwanira, apo ayi sipakhala zovuta.

Pambuyo pogula, Gimenokallis, monga ena okhala m'nyumba, amafunika kupatsidwa nthawi kuti azolowere microclimate yatsopano. Zitatha izi, ngati kuli kotheka, ndikani kuti ndikunyamula kapena kusankha malo oyenera kwambiri kuti akhazikikemo kwamuyaya. Pofuna kuti musawononge mbewuyo, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ndi malingaliro ena, kotero kuti mlendo wochokera kumalo otentha adzakula ndikukula bwino.

Kubzala kwa Gimenokallis

Chomera sichimakonda kusinthidwa kwa dothi ndi mphika, chifukwa chake kufalikira sikuchitika mopitilira kamodzi pa zaka 3-4. Mukangogula, sikofunikira kuti muchokerane, pakatha masabata 2-3 ndikofunikira kuyang'ana dothi ndi mizu, ngati masentimita 2-5 atatsalira kuchokera ku babu kupita kumbali ya mphika, ndiye kuti malo oterewa safunikira kuti ndikasinthidwe motsimikiza.
Sinthani dothi ndipo poto ndiyofunikira pokhapokha patapezeka tizirombo kapena matenda.

Mukadzala babu, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuonedwa:

• babu limamizidwa pansi mu 2/3, 1/3 ili pamwamba pa zosakaniza dothi;
• kuchotsedwako ikuchitika mu Marichi-Epulo;
• kukwaniritsa maluwa, ndikofunikira kukula masamba, chomera chokhala ndi ana sichimasamba kwambiri.

Kupatula masiku obzala adzagula mababu.

Maluwa a hymenocallis

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamaluwa a hymenocallis pachilimwe, kusiyako kokha ndi H. caribaea, kumangotulutsa nyengo yozizira yokha.

Maluwa asanafike maluwa, mitundu yokhala ndi masamba omwe amafa mwachangu imachulukitsa unyinji wobiriwira, ndiye kuti phesi limathamangitsa duwa la maluwa. Pakapita kanthawi, mitundu yachilendo kwambiri ya maluwa pa peduncle, pa umodzi mpaka 6 mpaka 12 imaphuka.

Chizindikiro cha maluwa a hymenokalis ndi kuphatikiza kwathunthu kwazithunzithunzi zonse, ndikatsegulidwa, zimakhala ngati korona. Danga lamaluwa limatha kufika 15 masentimita, koma ambiri amakhala ochepa.

Zosangalatsa! Mitundu yambiri yamtundu wautali ndi yayitali kuposa mafoni osakanizidwa, koma pali mitundu ingapo yomwe ili ndi mafupikisano afupiafupi.

Njira yotentha

Home heminocallis ikukula mwachangu mchilimwe ndi chilimwe kumapeto kwa kutalika. M'nyengo yozizira, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa ku mitundu yobiriwira nthawi zonse, popanda kuwala, kutentha kuzungulira tsinde kuyenera kuchepetsedwa mochita kupanga. Kuti muchite izi, mphika womwe uli ndi mbewuyo umakankhidwira pafupi ndi zenera ndikututira pang'ono, bokosi lowonekera ndi labwino.

Zizindikiro za Thermometer zimasiyana nthawi iliyonse yamoyo:

• m'chilimwe, thermometer iyenera kuwonetsa kutentha 24;
• chisanu (nthawi yopuma) imadziwika ndi madigiri 10-14;
• Kuyambira mwezi wa February mpaka Epulo, muyenera kukhala osachepera 16 ndi chizindikiro chophatikiza.

Zofunika! Poika ndikuchotsa mababu m'nthaka, amatumizidwa kumalo owuma ndi kutentha kwa 10-12.

Kwa mabatani obiriwira okhazikika ndi kuyatsa kwanyengo, maulamuliro a kutentha sayenera kuwongoleredwa, amakhutitsidwa ndi zomwe zilipo.

Kuwaza

Kusamalira gimenokallis kunyumba sikumaphatikizapo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa komanso kupukutira mlengalenga mozungulira chomera. Ndikokwanira kungosamba fumbi lokhalamo pansi pa madzi ofunda kuchokera masamba, pomwe peduncle ndi maluwa omwewo ayenera kutetezedwa kumtsinje wamadzi.

Kuwala

Zomwe zimayambira zimakhudzanso zokonda zake pakuwala. Kukula kwabwinobwino ndi chitukuko, mawindo akumadzulo, akummawa ndi kum'mwera amasankhidwa pamtengo, chifukwa amawona kuwala kolimba, koma mawonekedwe ake amasangalala.

M'malo okhala ndi magetsi komanso maluwa abwino kwambiri, kumpoto komanso malo osayatsidwa bwino sikungalole mbewuyo kugona patadutsa.

M'nyengo yozizira, kwa mitundu yobiriwira, ndikofunikira kukonza kuwala kwa maola 10 owala ndi nyali.

Kuthirira Gimenokallis

Kuthilira komwe kumabweretsa zovuta kwambiri kwa olima; nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuti ndi chinyontho chani. Wosamuka ku nkhalango zanyontho za ku Central America panthawi ya kukula ndikukakamiza kwa peduncle amakonda chinyezi kwambiri. Kuti mukwaniritse zosowa, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:

• munthawi ya kukula, kuthirira ndikochuluka, kuyanika matope kumakhala kosavomerezeka;
• pafupi ndi yophukira, patatha nyengo ya maluwa, kufunika kwa chinyezi kumachepa, duwa limakonzekera kupuma;
• nthawi yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, kumakhala kokwanira 1-2 pa sabata m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Chinyezi chambiri nthawi zambiri chimapangitsa mababu kuvunda. ndikofunikira kupewa kukokoloka kwamadzi mumphika.

Mphika

Podzala, ndibwino kusankha poto wouthira, voliyumu yake iyenera kukhala yochepa. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mizu ya chomera ndi yamphamvu ndipo imakula mwachangu. Kukula kwakukulu sikungatheketse kuyika peduncle, koma padzakhala ana ambiri.

Njira yabwino ikhoza kukhala chidebe chomwe babuyo imapita mwakuya masentimita 4-5, pomwe 1/3 yake imatsalira pamwamba pa dothi. Kutalika kwake kuchokera kumphepete kupita ku babu kudzakhala masentimita 2-4. Pansi pa izi, chomera chomera chidzamasulidwa mchaka choyamba.

Dothi

Kuphatikizika kwa Gimenokallis kumaphatikizapo kuyika bulb ya mbewuyo osati mumphika wofunikira, komanso kusinthiratu ndi dothi losakaniza. Kwa izo, acidic pang'ono, kumasuka ndi michere njira ndiyabwino. Simungadzinyenge nokha ndikugula gawo lapansi la mababu m'sitolo, koma mutha kuchita nokha:

1. Malo okhala, ma turf, mchenga wamtsinje, chiyerekezo 3: 1: 1.
2. Humus, turf, land sheet, mchenga wamchenga, peat, chiyerekezo 2: 2: 2: 1: 1.

Uphungu! M'dothi logulidwa la mababu, muyenera kuwonjezera makala.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

M'pofunika kudyetsa mbewuyo munthawi yogwira komanso msipu wa peduncle, njirayi imachitika kamodzi pakadutsa masabata atatu ndi madzi kukonzekera kwamaluwa mkati. Kutsatira kwambiri malangizo kudzathandiza kuti kuthamangitsa msipu wokwanira ndi pachimake; kumapeto kwa nthawi ino, kuvala pamwamba kumachotsedwa.

Muyenera kusankha mankhwala omwe ali ndi nitrogen ochepa kapena osakhala nawo.

Nthawi yopumula

Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka pakati pa Januware, ma hymenocallis amakhala ndi nthawi yopumula. Ma boles ambiri amagwetsa masamba ndikupumula maluwa asanafike. Kuti muvi ugwirizane ndendende, ndikofunikira kupanga mikhalidwe:

• kuchepetsa kuthirira;
• kupatula kwathunthu kuvala kwapamwamba;
• sinthani kutentha kwa zomwe mwalimbikitsa.

Pambuyo pokhapokha, mu Meyi, mmera umathamangitsa peduncle ndipo udzasangalatsa maluwa.

Kukula kwa hymenocallis kuchokera ku mbewu

Chimodzi mwazosankha zakupangika kwezomera ndi kumera kwa njere, pomwe zimasungidwa palokha, izi sizigwira ntchito.

Mbewu zogulidwa zimamera malinga ndi malingaliro omwe ali pompaka. Mchitidwewo umachitika osakanikirana ndi peat ndi mchenga wothirira kwambiri.

Kufalikira kwa mababu aakazi

Kufalikira kofala kwambiri kwa hymenocallis ndi mababu a mwana wamkazi. Amasiyanitsidwa mosamala ndi babu babu ndikuwobzala mumiphika yaying'ono yosakaniza ndi peat ndi mchenga. Zotetezazo zimayikidwa m'malo osalala ndipo zimadikira kumera, kenako zimayikidwa mu dothi lokonzeka m'miphika yayikulu.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Tizirombo tambiri ta tsinde silowopsa, amayesa kudutsa mbali iyi ya duwa. Nthawi zina, ma thrips, mealybug, daffodil amatha kupezeka. Chotsani iwo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Matenda amakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri:

• Hymenokallis sichimatulutsa, Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo. Kusapezeka kwa matalala, kusowa kwa kuwala, kusowa kwa zakudya kumakhudza thunthu motere.
• Amafota masamba kuchokera pakusowa chinyezi kapena kuchulukirapo, izi zimaweruzidwa ndi momwe nthaka ilili.
• Madontho achikasu pamasamba azilankhula za staganospore, ndipo bulb ikukhudzidwa nthawi yomweyo.
• Nyongolotsi pamakhala amapangidwa pamtunda wotsika kwambiri.
• Masamba a Gimenokallis amatembenuka chikasu ndipo amataya mphamvu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, kuthirira ndikochulukirapo.

Mavuto ena ndi osowa kwambiri, sikuyenera kuyang'ana pa iwo.

Mitundu ya hymenocallis yamkati yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mitundu ya hymenocallis ili ndi oimira opitilira 50, mafotokozedwe a onse atenga nthawi yambiri, kotero tiyeni tiwone zambiri.

Hymenocallis wokongola wa Hymenocallis speciosa

Woimira wobiriwira nthawi zonse kuchokera ku ma Antilles. Mwa zina, zimasiyana ndi zomwe zimapangidwira ndi cholembera chamaluwa ndi ambulera yamaluwa, iliyonse yomwe imafikira kutalika kwa 15 cm, ndipo manda omwe amayimitsidwa mu arc nthawi zambiri amafikira 7 cm.

Mzinda wa Hymenocallis Caribbean Hymenocallis caribaea

Chidutswa chokhazikika chokhala ndi maluwa m'miyezi inayi chinabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Antilles. Ndiye amene amatchuka kwambiri ndi amalima maluwa. Masamba ake obiriwira amdima ndi ambulera yamaluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi manda ataliitali amasiyanitsidwa.

Hymenocallis narcissiflora Hymenocallis narcissiflora

Mitunduyi imachokera ku Peru, imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wachikasu wa pamakhala komanso malo omwe ali ndi stamens, ali kwathunthu korona wa mafoni osankhidwa. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa ofiirira ndi oyera, nthawi yamaluwa ndi yayitali, imayamba pakati pa chilimwe ndipo imakhalapo mpaka nthawi yophukira.

Zikondwerero za Gimenokallis, Gimenokallis zosangalatsa Hymenocallis x festalis

Woimira Amaryllis uyu ndi wosakanizidwa wa basiketi ndi Elisen hymenocallis. Amasiyana ndi maluwa onunkhira bwino a pinki pamtengo wapamwamba, Peru imadziwika kuti ndi kwawo. Amaluwa m'maluwa akuluakulu kwa miyezi 2-3.