Callistemon ndi shrub wochokera ku banja la Myrtle. Ma inflorescence ake odabwitsa, opangidwa ndi stamens yayitali, amapanga mabulashi achilendo kumapeto kwa mphukira. Kwa izi, callistemon nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka pansi pa mayina "Bengal Bengal" kapena "multi-stamen." Tchire lachilendo ndilabwino onse m'mundamo ndi m'nyumba. M'chilimwe, amapanga masitepe kapena makonde, ndipo nthawi yozizira amawalowetsa mnyumbamo. Sikovuta kusamalira mbewu, chifukwa ngakhale wobzala maluwa wa novice amatha kudzikondweretsa yekha ndi exoticism yotentha. Kuphatikiza apo, callistemon imatulutsa ma phytoncides, omwe amaletsa kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mlengalenga.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Callistemon ndi mtundu wa zitsamba zobiriwira ndi mitengo. Mwachilengedwe, kutalika kwake ndi 0.5-15 m. Zitsanzo zapanyumba ndizochulukirapo. Akuwombera nthambi kuchokera pansi ndikupanga korona, koma korona wosasiyana. Njira zamtsogolo zimakhazikika mbali zonse. Amakutidwa ndi masamba ofupika a petiolate okhala ndi khungu loyera komanso kupindika pang'ono kumbuyo. Masamba a Lanceolate okhala ndi m'mphepete mwachindunji amaphatikizika ndi mphukira kachiwiri, amawoneka bwino mkati mwa mtsempha. Pamaso pake pali masamba ochepa omwe amatulutsa mafuta ofunikira.
M'mwezi wa Meyi-Julayi, ma inflorescence omwe amakhala ngati maluwa amaphulika kumapeto kwa mphukira. Monga maluwa ambiri a mchisu, maluwa alibe pamakhala, koma ali ndi masamba angapo aulemu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira achikuda, koma pali mitundu yokhala ndi malalanje, achikasu ndi oyera inflorescence. Kutalika kwa inflorescence, kofanana ndi burashi, ndi 5-12 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 3-6 cm.
Callistemon imavomerezedwa ndi mbalame zazing'ono. Pambuyo pake, kumayambiriro kwa yophukira, zipatso zimakhwima - masipuni mbewu. Amakutidwa ndi chipolopolo. Mu kapisolo wotalika masentimita 5-7 ndi njere zazing'ono zofiirira.
Mitundu ya Callistemon
Mtundu wa Callistemon umaphatikizapo mitundu 37 yazomera. Wotchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu callistemon ndimu kapena zipatso. Amadziwika kuti ndi fungo labwino lomwe masamba osweka amatuluka. Kwawo kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi Southeast Australia. Chitsamba chophulika 1-3 m kutalika kophimbidwa ndi masamba obiriwira amdima amtundu wa lanceolate. Kutalika kwa pepala lamapulogalamu ndi 3-7 masentimita ndipo m'lifupi ndi 5-8 mm. Maluwa amapezeka mu June-Julayi. Pamapeto a chaka chimodzi mphukira, makulidwe ofiira ofiira okwanira masentimita 6-10 masentimita ndipo kutalika kwa masentimita 4-8. Mitundu yotchuka:
- White Anzac - chitsamba mpaka ma 1.5 m kutulutsa kwakukulu ndi inflorescence yoyera;
- Kubweza pinki - imakhala ndi maluwa owala a pinki;
- Ziwanda Rowena - maluwa ofiira amakula pachitsamba mpaka 1.5 m, pang'onopang'ono amakhala opepuka ndipo pofika nthawi yofota amapaka utoto wotuwa wa pinki;
- Mauve moipa - inflorescence yofiirira yosiyanasiyana.
Callistemon ali ndi ndodo. Mitengo yotalika ndi 4-8 m imatha kupezeka ku England. Nthambi zimaphimbidwa ndi masamba owundikira ndi maziko. Kutalika kwa masamba owonda achikopa ndi masentimita 3-7. Mu Juni, maluwa opindika kwambiri amtali wa 4-10 cm.
Callistemon paini. Chomera chowoneka ngati chitsamba mpaka 3 mm mmwamba chimakhala ndi masamba ochepa. Kunja, zimakumbutsa koposa singano. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira mpaka 3cm kutalika samapitilira 1.5 mm mulifupi. Udzu womwe umasonkhanitsidwa m'mphepete mwa nthambi zocheperako. Mu June-Julayi, ma inflorescence a cylindrical omwe amakhala ndi maluwa achikasu achikasu.
Kuswana
Callistemon imafalitsidwa pofesa mbewu ndi kudula. Zilime izi kuyambira mu August-Marichi. Mbewu popanda kukonzekera koyambirira zimafesedwa pamchenga wonyowa komanso dothi la peat. Valani chidebe ndi zojambulazo, pumani tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuwaza pansi pofunikira. Kuwombera kumawonekera patatha mwezi umodzi, pambuyo pake filimuyo imachotsedwa. Mbewu zikamera masamba awiri enieni, zimasungidwa m'miphika yaying'ono. Zomera zimayamba kuphuka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kwa zaka 5-6.
Njira yosavuta yofalitsira callistemon ndikudula. Ndikofunika kudikirira mpaka chomera chachikulu chikakula bwino ndipo chikhala ndi njira zina zotalika masentimita 7 mpaka 12. Gawo lotsika limathandizidwa ndi ma phytohormones a chitukuko cha mizu. Amabzala mumiphika ya mchenga kapena mchenga ndi dothi la peat. Mbande imakutidwa ndi chipewa, koma kuiulutsa tsiku lililonse. Kutentha nthaka kumathandizira kuzika kwamizu. Pakangotha miyezi iwiri, pafupifupi theka la kudula kumazika mizu.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Sikovuta kusamalira ma callistemons, awa ndi mbewu zopanda mtengo. Komabe, amafunikira kuti apange zochitika. Callistemon imafunika kuyatsa kowala. Maola ochepa patsiku, kuwala kwadzuwa kuyenera kukhudza masamba ake. M'chipinda chotentha chilimwe, ndibwino kupukusa tchire kuchokera kumazuwa masana kapena kuwatengera kumweya wabwino. M'nyengo yozizira, kuunikira kowonjezera kungafunike. Ndi kuwala kochepa kwambiri, maluwa sangakhalepo konse.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwapakati pachaka ndi + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Mu nthawi yophukira imatsitsidwa kukhala + 12 ... + 16 ° C. Ngati ma callistemons awululidwa, ndiye kuti kutentha kumatsika mpaka 5 5 C, ndiye nthawi yobweretsa mbewu mnyumbamo. Kuzizira kwa dzinja ndikofunikira pakugona masamba.
Callistemon iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Monga mbewu zonse zotentha, imagwira bwino ntchito pouma kuchokera panthaka. Mphukira mwachangu zimayamba kuchepa kukula ndikukula. Simungalole kusayenda kwa madzi, chifukwa kumabweretsa kuzungulira kwa mizu. Pakathiramo madzi akumwa oyera bwino, amatenthetsa pang'ono kuposa kutentha kwa chipinda.
Masamba a callistemon amaphimbidwa ndi utoto wocheperako waxy, motero amasintha chinyezi pang'ono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sikofunikira kuwonjezera chinyontho cha mpweya. Komabe, callistemon amayankha mosamala kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikusamba. Ndondomeko iyenera kuchitidwa isanayambe kapena itayamba maluwa.
Mu Epulo-Seputembala, callistemon imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa michere ya maluwa. Chovala chapamwamba chomwe chimaphatikizidwa m'madzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka kawiri pamwezi.
Popeza chitsamba chimapanga mphukira mbali zambiri, chimadulidwa ndikupanga korona. Kudulira kumathandizanso kuti nthambi zikhale zodula komanso zotentha muzaka zikubwerazi. Imachitika pomwe mbewuyo imafikira masentimita 50-60. Nthawi yabwino ndiye kutha kwa chilimwe, mutangotulutsa maluwa.
Callistemon imasinthidwa pakapita zaka 1-3 zilizonse. Gwiritsani ntchito miphika yokhazikika komanso yakuya pomwe mizu imatha kumasuka momasuka. Zomera zimakonda dothi losalala, lopepuka lomwe silimachita nawo kapena pang'ono acidic. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala ndi dothi lamtambo, nthaka yamasamba, peat ndi mchenga. Mutha kugulanso ponseponse chifukwa chamaluwa am'makomo pasitolo. Shards zamatope kapena dongo lokwanilidwa kale limayikidwa pansi pa mphika kuti lithandizire kutaya. Poika mbewu kuchokera kumizu, osachepera theka la zoumba zadothi wakale ziyenera kutsukidwa.
Callistemon imasiya chinsinsi cha phytoncides, chomwe chimalepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole pazomera, komanso tiziromboti. Ndi tizirombo zochepa tomwe titha kukana. Zofala kwambiri ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi nthata za akangaude. Kuthekera kwa kuukiridwa kwawo kumawonjezeka masiku otentha, motero ndikofunikira kupopera masamba ndi madzi opanda kanthu. Ngati mphukira ndi masamba ziphimbidwa ndi ukonde waung'ono, komanso palinso ma capubs ndi oyera pamiyala yoyera, simungathe kuchita popanda thandizo la tizilombo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito callistemon
Masamba a callistemon owala adzakonzanso mkati mwa chipindacho ndikukongoletsa dimba ladzilimwe. Mafuta ofunikira omwe amatulutsa masamba, kuyeretsa mpweya, komanso amathandizira pochiritsa mabanja. Ali ndi bactericidal katundu.
Olima ena amati kukhalapo kwa callistemon mnyumbamo kumawonjezera kunyada kwa mwini wakeyo ndikuthandizira kuuma kwa chikhalidwe chake. Chomera ndichofunika kwa anthu odzikayikira komanso okayikira.
