Ambiri wamaluwa, makamaka oyamba kumene, amakhulupirira kuti kukula kwa nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha kumalola kuteteza zomera ku matenda ambiri, ndipo imateteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kusiyana ndi malo otseguka.
Izi siziri zoona. Tiyeni tiyese kukambirana za mavuto omwe mukubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ziti zomwe zingawopsyeze, Njira zoteteza chitetezo, njira zothandizira ndi kupewa matenda a nkhaka.
Matenda: ndondomeko ndi njira zothandizira
Kupeza matenda mu wowonjezera kutentha, pakukula nkhaka, sikungokhala ndi dzina limodzi. Fotokozani zofala kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- woyera ndi imvi zowola;
- mizu zowola;
- mame: zabodza ndi mealy;
- bulauni malo (azitona);
- nkhungu (tsamba lakuda).
Tiyeni tione za matenda a nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi mankhwala awo ndi zitsanzo zowonetsera pa chithunzichi.
Vuto loyera
Causative agent matenda omera ndi bowa. Chizindikiro cha kugonjetsedwa ndi patffy patina yoyera m'madera onse a chomera, kuchokera ku mizu ndi lashes, kusiya masamba ndi zipatso. Yobisika ndi bowa zinthu osati kuwononga zomera zokha, komanso yosungidwa pansi nthawi yaitali kwambiri.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, chomeracho chimavunda kwathunthu. Kulimbana ndi matendawa n'kovuta, koma n'zotheka ndithu. Njira zowonongeka ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zitsamba zonse za chomera, masamba akale ndi masamba. Kukonzekera kwadothi kwathunthu ndi kofunika. pa malo obzala nkhaka.
Zothandiza zokhudzana ndi zovunda zoyera pa nkhaka muvidiyo:
Grey kuvunda
Chizindikiro chogonjetsedwa ndi imvi ndi maonekedwe a imvi, malo oterera pa chipatso. Kenaka kachilomboka kakufalikira ponseponse. Zipatso, mazira ndi mazira amakhudzidwa kwambiri.. Mapulani ndi ofanana ndi omwe ali ndi zovunda zoyera.
Ndikofunikira kokha koyamitsa mungu mu magawo oyamba a matendawa ndi chisakanizo cha mkuwa sulphate (supuni imodzi) ndi galasi la phulusa phulusa. Kupopera mbewu kumathandiza, ndi kutsatila mwatsatanetsatane ndi malangizo, mtundu wa mankhwala "Mliri". Mankhwalawa si owopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama.
Chofunika: ngakhale palibe matenda opatsirana ndi fungal, kusintha kwa nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa zaka ziwiri zilimbikitsidwa. Ikani dothi (pafupifupi masentimita 20) ndi chisakanizo cha nthaka, peat, mchenga. Chofunika kwambiri kuti muonetsetse kuti madzi abwino akuyendera bwino ndi kubereka kwa nthaka.
Mizu yovunda
Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amadziwonekera pobzala mbande za nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha. Zimayambira chifukwa chofika pansi mwakuya, zikhoza kuchitika pamene mukuchita zina zambiri chomera mapesi. Matendawa amakula mofulumira kwambiri, makamaka ngati mbande idabzalidwa panthaka yomwe nkhaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukula. Kuchotsa matenda kumatha kuthirira madzi ozizira kapena kuchepa kwakukulu mu kutentha kwa dothi.
Chizindikiro cha matenda Pali mawanga pa masamba, omwe amawoneka makamaka pambuyo pa nyengo yoipa. Chizindikiro chimakhalanso mtundu wonyezimira komanso wobiriwira wa zimayambira. Kusokoneza ndi kutulutsa zinthu kuwonetseredwa bwino, ngati inu otgresti dziko kuchokera tsinde mu mabowo.
Minofu yowonongeka ikhoza kuonekera bwino pamene ikugwetsa pansi kuchokera mu tsinde la mbewu. Malo owonongeka akhoza kukhala odulidwa ndi wosweka choko kapena malasha, phulusa la nkhuni. Izi zitatha mawanga owuma. Potsatira madzi okwanira, musalole mapesi kugona ndi nthaka, madzi okha nthaka mu dzenje, kuteteza chinyezi kulowa m'matope omwe amatha.
Zida zakufa zonse zimatsukidwa ndi clod ya dziko lapansi. Thirani otsala bwino ndi madzi amadzimadzi a mkuwa sulphate, okonzedwa motere: chifukwa 5 malita a madzi, 20 magalamu a mkuwa sulphate. Chomera chowotchedwa chikuyaka.
Zothandiza zokhudzana ndizu zowola pa nkhaka muvidiyo:
Mame a Mealy
Nkhaka Zogwira Mapesi ataphimbidwa ndi maluwa oyera. Chilondachi chimayambitsa bowa. Masamba oyambirira amakhudzidwa. Komanso, matendawa amafalikira ku zimayambira za zomera. Gawo lotsatira la matenda ndi kuyanika ndi kufa kwa masamba ndi zimayambira. Kukonzekera bwino kwa nkhondo ndi "Topaz". Mankhwalawa amapezeka m'ma buloules, zomwe zili mkati mwake zimasungunuka mu malita asanu ndi atatu a madzi.
Zotsatira zake ndi sprayed bwanji zomera. Kuchiza ndi njira yothetsera vutoli sikungokhala kokha kuwonetseredwa kwa zizindikiro za matenda, komanso cholinga cha kupewa.
N'zotheka mankhwala ndi mankhwala "Mzere"zomwe ziri zothandiza kwambiri poonetsa zizindikiro za matenda.
Kupopera mankhwala akukonzekera pa mlingo wa - makapu atatu a mankhwala opasuka mu lita imodzi ya madzi.
Chenjerani! Kupewa matenda, makamaka pamene pali madera akuluakulu gwiritsani ntchito biologics. Monga Alirin-B, Gamair, Gliokladin, Trihotsin. Kumbukirani kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo oti mugwiritse ntchito.
Malangizo othandiza powdery mildew pa nkhaka mu kanema:
Downy mildew
Wothandizira mankhwala a downy mildew amakhala pansi kwa nthawi yaitali, ikhoza kudziwonetsera yokha mu zaka 5-7 pambuyo pa matenda oyamba. Chizindikiro cha matenda ndi maonekedwe a mawanga otentha pamasamba. M'tsogolo, masamba amakhala bulauni. Kuyanika masamba omwe anakhudzidwa mofulumira, osapitirira masiku 2-3.
Kuchotsa matenda kumatha kuthirira madzi ozizira kapena kusiyana kwakukulu usana ndi usiku kutentha, kutentha kwakukulu mu wowonjezera kutentha usiku. Kulimbana ndi zovuta amasiya kuthirira komanso kupanga kuvala. Ventilate ndi wowonjezera kutentha kuti achepetse chinyezi.
Malangizo othandiza a khola la ufa wonyenga pa nkhaka mu kanema:
Malo a bulauni (azitona)
Nthawi zambiri amagonjetsedwa kuwonetseredwa pa zipatso za zomera. Zizindikiro ndi maonekedwe a zofiira, zomwe zimachokera kwa madzi. Ngati palibe njira zomwe zimatengedwa kuti zitetezedwe motsutsana ndi causative agent, zomera zonse mu wowonjezera kutentha zingathe kufa mkati mwa sabata.
Kutentha kwapamwamba, makina, kuthirira mopitirira muyeso, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha masana kungayambitse matenda. Kulimbana ndi matendawa Zojambula usiku ziyenera kupeĊµedwa, kwa masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri (7), asiye kuthirira, masana, nthawi yotentha ya tsiku kuti asawononge maonekedwe a mpweya, kutulutsa wowonjezera kutentha.
Leaf Mold (Black)
Kugonjetsa za zomera zimayambitsa bowaili mkatikatikati mwa chovala ndi m'nthaka ya wowonjezera kutentha. Masamba oyamba omwe amagwira ntchito. Komanso, matendawa amafalikira kumadera onse a zomera omwe ali pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mawanga amawoneka pa masamba, pang'onopang'ono akuphatikizidwa mu umodzi. Masamba okhudzidwa amauma, kenako yokutidwa ndi mdima wakudazofanana kwambiri ndi intaneti. Njira zolimbana ndizo kutaya makina otentha mkati, kubwezeretsa nthaka pa nkhaka, mapulogalamu a mbewu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yolimbana ndi matenda.
Nkhaka tizirombo
Zowonongeka kwambiri za nkhaka mu greenhouses ndi vwende nsabwe za m'masamba, komanso akangaude.
Gulu la Aphid
Kutsika ndi kupotoza masamba Nkhaka zambiri zimanena za kugonjetsedwa kwa vwende nsabwe za m'masamba. Pa masamba akuwoneka mawanga achikasu, pepalali laphatikizidwa. Mukawoneka pansi pa pepala mudzawona mphutsi za aphid zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Atasankha chomera, aphid kuyamwa timadzitimwa kuchepetsa kukula kwake ndi chitukuko.
Kupititsa patsogolo manambala kuli mofulumira ndipo aphid imafalikira pa zomera zonse. Ngati mutapeza aphid nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, njira zowonetsera ndizo zotsatirazi - pofuna kuteteza kubzala, akulangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa peyala ya anyezi yomwe idzawononga aphid mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Kuteteza kuwononga tizilombo pamene zikuluzikulu zikufunika gwiritsani ntchito tizirombo zopangidwa ndi mafakitale.
Kangaude mite
Kugonjetsedwa kwa kangaude Masamba ndi mapesi akuuma.ndipo kenako kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa chomera. Kufuna kwa kuwonongeka kwa mite kungakhale pa intaneti pa masamba ndi mapesi a nkhaka. Akangaude akapezeka zofunikira mwamsanga zofunika kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha. Akangaude pa nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, popanda zida zowonongeka, zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa onse omwe anabzala nkhaka.
Kuchotsa kwathunthu kuonongeka kwa zomera ndi kotheka kwambiri, ndi zotsatira zake zoyaka moto. Ngati chomera chimodzi chiwonongeke, m'pofunikira kuchiphimba ndi filimu kapena nsalu poika mkati mwa chidebe cha turpentine.
M'malo mwa turpentine mungathe kuika adyo wodula pafupi nawo. Kusuta kudzawononga aphid koloni pa chomera. Processing ayenera kuchitika mobwerezabwereza, kusunga yopuma 2-3 masiku.
Kuwonongeka kwa ming'oma kwa nthawi yake mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi bowa kapena tizirombo, ndi kukonza nthawi yake kumathandiza kupulumutsa zomera.
Ndipo kusunga kubzala, simudzatsala popanda nkhaka.
