Petunia anabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Atlantic kuchokera ku South America, yemwenso wa zachilengedwe wa ku France dzina lake Jean Baptiste Lamarck anapeza ndipo anafotokoza paulendo wake wa sayansi.
Icho chinatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha zolakwika, zinali zovuta masamba a petunia omwe amafanana ndi fodya masamba. Kuchokera ku liwu la ku Brazil "petun", lomwe limatanthauza "fodya". Zaka khumi zokha mutatha kupeza mitundu yambiri ya maluwa, kuyang'anira kwa wasayansi kunamveka bwino ndipo mtundu wina, Petunia, unadziwika.
Petunia ndi chomera chosasinthika kapena chakale chakale, chowombera panthawi imodzimodzi ndi kuphweka kwake ndi kukongola kwake. Zimagonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo ndi matenda, zimalekerera mosavuta kusintha kwa nyengo ndipo zimakhala zokongola zokongola. Tsopano akukongoletsa mabedi ndi maluwa m'madera onse padziko lapansi. Tsopano makamaka otchuka ndi zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimatha kukongoletsa malo a nyumba, mabanki ndi mawindo.
Mitundu ya petunias ikhoza kukhala: kutuluka, chitsamba, calibrahoa, ampelnaya ndi floribunda. Pali mitundu yoposa 20 ya zomera, choncho mayi aliyense amatha kusankha zosangalatsa zake ndikukongoletsa munda wake kapena munda wam'mbuyo.
Zimakhudza maluwa kukula
Zidzatenga miyezi 3-3.5 kuchokera kumtunda mpaka kufika kwa petunia. Mbeu ndizochepa, kotero kufesa sikungokhala kosavuta monga zikuwonekera.
- Chifukwa chodzala nthaka yoyenera, yomwe ingapezeke mu sitolo iliyonse yapadera.
- Ndi bwino kubzala mbewu yoyamba mu chidebe, kuthirira mozama ndikuphimba chidebecho ndi kumamatira filimu kapena thumba.
- Samalani - nyemba ziyenera kumadzazidwa ndi nthaka.
- Onetsetsani kuti chinyezi cha nthaka chikuwongolera ndi kutsekemera chidebecho kuti muteteze kuchepa.
Ngati munachita zonse mkati mwa masabata awiri, chomera chomera chidzawonekera. Amaluwa ena amati ngati ziphuphu siziwoneka pambuyo pa masabata awiri, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musawayembekezere. Maluwa amenewa adzakhala ofooka, osowa chisamaliro chapadera.
Zipatso zazikulu zimakonda malo ndi kuwalaChoncho, m'pofunika kuikiranso m'mitsuko yambiri (bwino ngati izi ndizopopu za pulasitiki) ndi kuwapatsa kuwala kokwanira, ndipo patatha masabata atatu kapena anayi, ikadzawotha kunja, ikhoza kubzalidwa pamtunda wotseguka. Mukasankha, idyani nthaka ndi feteleza mchere.
Timapereka kuwonera kanema za kukula kwa petunia:
Nchifukwa chiyani wilting ikuchitika?
Wilting wodabwitsa wa chomera amakhumudwitsa aliyense ndi wamaluwa, ndi wokonda minda yam'munda. Zikuwoneka kuti chisamaliro chinali chabwino, chifukwa chiyani chomeracho chinayamba kutha? Tiyeni tione chifukwa chake petunia mu mphika ndi flowerbed akufota:
- Malo olakwika obzala duwa. Monga tafotokozera kale, petunia amakonda kuwala, ndipo mwinamwake munasankha malo olakwika kuti ikwere. Malo aakulu ndi oyeretsedwa omwe pamthunzi wa mitengo sagwa, apa pali malo abwino kwa maluwa anu. Ngati mumabzala petunia mumiphika, muwakonzeretseni dzuwa.
- Fusarium. Koma chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha wilting ndi fusarium. Matenda a fungaleni omwe ndi ovuta kuwazindikira kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, chifukwa choyamba mzuwo umakhudzidwa. Ntchentche zapamwamba zimafalikira ku mizu yomwe imadutsa pa tsinde la inflorescence.
Popeza zimakhudza mizu ya petunia, pang'onopang'ono imasiya kulandira zonse zothandiza ndi zakudya m'nthaka. Pambuyo maluwawo atembenukira chikasu, ndizosatheka kuzipulumutsa.
- Kuthirira. Nthaka youma kapena kumwa madzi okwanira kungayambitsenso petunia kufota.
- Tizilombo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (tizirombo tating'ono toiira).
Chochita
Mukapenda mosamala mkhalidwewo ndikuchita zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa - chitani pang'onopang'ono.
- Ngati ili ndi kusowa kwa dzuwa, kenaka fufuzani (ngati n'kotheka) malo ena a petunia. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku zomera zomwe zimakula mu mphika. Yendetsani ku mbali ya dzuwa ya khonde, zenera, zitseko kapena bedi. Musati musadwale, mu nyengo yozizira yotentha kuyambira 12.00 mpaka 16.00, ndibwino kuti mdimawo ukhale wouma, pofuna kupewa kutentha kwazitsulo.
- Ngati kuli madzi osayenera - konzani mkhalidwewu pochichepetsa kapena kuwonjezerapo. Ndikofunika kumwa kamodzi masiku onse anayi, osati kawirikawiri. Zomera m'miphika yopachikidwa nthawi zambiri zimayanika, sizili zophweka kuona pafupi kufika pamtunda, womwe umayimitsidwa pamwamba pa kukula kwaumunthu. Yang'anani ndi chala chanu dothi, ngati louma ndi kuchoka pamphepete mwa mphika, ndi nthawi yokhetsa petunia Chotsani mphika, kutsanulira ndi kuika kanthawi kochepa pa thireyi ndi madzi.
Kuthira mowa kwambiri kungayambitse mizu ndi maluwa akusowa chithandizo chofulumira - kungosintha nthaka mu mphika, musadikire mpaka dothi liume.
Musanayambe kusamba, chotsani mizu yovunda ya maluwa ndi kuwasiya iwo. Ndipo sungani nyengo yoyenera ya madzi kwa ulimi wothirira. Gwiritsani madzi kuti mumve madzi otentha.
- Tizilombo. Ziri zosavuta kupeza nsabwe za m'masamba, ziphuphu zobiriwira sizibisala pansi pa masamba kapena maluwa, nthawi zonse zimangowonongeka mofulumira ndi petunia. Pofuna kuchotsa nsabwe za m'masamba, m'pofunika kuchepetsa sopo (300 magalamu a sopo yotsuka pa madzi 10 malita) ndi kusamalira masamba a chomera. Njira yomweyo imathandizira kuchotsa nthata zamagulu. Nkhupaku, kenaka, imabisala mu tsamba, ndikuyikuta.
- Kulimbana ndi zosowa za fusarium kudzera mwa njira yokonza. Musanadzalemo, perekani mbewuyi ndi ofooka njira ya mkuwa sulphate kapena manganese. Mmera wamkulu akhoza kuikidwa mu nthaka ina, kufesa feteleza musanadzalemo, ndi kuchotsa ziwalo za matenda a petunia.
Njira zothandizira
Kuti maluwa anu akusangalatseni ngati momwe mungathere, perekani mosamala bwino:
- madzi nthawi yake;
- yang'anani kutentha;
- kuthirani nthaka nthawi;
- chotsani ziwalo zakufa zakufa;
- kutaya nthaka yovunda;
- yesetsani kulimbana ndi majeremusi nthawi.
Kunyumba petunia kumakondweretsa diso ndi mitundu yosiyana ndi maonekedwe a masamba ake. Kusamalira maluwa anu nthawi yake, mumakhala ndi moyo wambiri.
