Dzichitireni nokha nyumba yosungiramo mitengo: zoyikirapo zoyikidwiratu + zitsanzo za makonzedwe

Mwinanso, padziko lapansi sipadzakhala mwana aliyense yemwe sangafune kukhala ndi nyumba yakeyake, yomwe ili panthambi za mitengo. Awa si malo amasewera okha - ndi dziko laling'ono lokhala ndi malamulo, malamulo, miyambo. Ngati pali mitengo yayitali yayitali mu kanyumba kam'nyengo yotentha, mutha kubwera ndi ntchito yosavuta ndikuyambitsa moyo, kusangalatsa ana, ndi akulu nawonso. Zimakhalabe kuti mudziwe momwe mungapangire nyumba yamtengo ndi manja anu.

Zosankha pamitengo

Pali zosankha zambiri pakumanga nyumba zamitengo. Akumangidwira masewera a ana osangalatsa komanso achinsinsi ndi buku pansi pa korona lofalikira kutentha kwa chilimwe.

Mtundu ndi cholinga palibe zoletsa. Imatha kukhala nsanja yosakongola, malo obisika, kanyumba kapamwamba kosanja.

Zachilengedwe, zonse ndizopepuka. Pali mitundu itatu yotchuka, yotsimikiziridwa yamapangidwe, awa ndi:

• Ntchito yomanga papulatifomu. Nthambi zamphamvu kapena thunthu lokha limakhala ngati chinthu chothandizira, pomwe tsatanetsatane wapansi amatsekemera ndi nangula wazodziyimira nokha. Ngati ndi kotheka, nsanja imalimbikitsidwa ndi mitengo yolumikizira yopuma pamtengo.
• Chimango nyumba pa stilts. M'malo mwake, ili ndi nyumba yodziyimira payokha, pansi komanso padenga pomwe pamagundika chimtengo chimodzi kapena zingapo. Kapangidwe kake sikudalira mtengo, chifukwa chake, sikasokoneza moyo ndi kukula. Nyumba yofananira imayikidwa pamiyala, kukula kwake komwe kumatsimikiziridwa kutengera ndi katundu omwe akubwera.
• Kupendekera nsanja. Amayimitsidwa kuti athe kupirira nthambi pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe, zingwe kapena matcheni. Njira yosavuta, koma yosadalirika komanso yotetezeka ya bungwe, makamaka zikafika malo ochezera ana.

Mitundu yoyamba komanso yachitatu ya zomangamanga imadalira mwachindunji kutengera kwa thunthu, kukula kwa nthambi zake ndi mizu. Kupatula apo, mtengowo uyenera kukwaniritsa ntchito ya maziko: kugwira zolimba osati zomangamanga zokha, komanso alendo. Amakhulupirira kuti thunthu lomwe limakhala ndi mainchesi 30 cm, kuposa zina, lidzatha kupirira ntchito yovutayi.

Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wopanga nyumba amadziwika kuti ndiwo mtengo waukulu kwambiri. Kutsatira iye mu mtundu wa mitengo yoyenera ndi beech, mapulo ndi spruce wamkulu. Musanakonze kapangidwe kake ndikukonzekera kuchita, muyenera kupenda mosamala chinthu chomwe chidzagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati majeremusi ndi matenda. Ngati zizindikiro zosafunikira zizindikirika, lingaliroli liyenera kusiyidwa.

Njira zitatu zazikulu zopangira nyumba za mitengo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko opanga ntchito yanu yomanga

Pakupanga mitundu yachiwiri yopanga, pogwiritsa ntchito korona wokha wofukizira kapena chodzikongoletsera, kutalika kwa mtengowu ndikosafunikira kwenikweni. Woimira wachinyamata wangwiro adzabwera, pomwe pakapita nthawi amabisa likulu la scout kapena sitima yachilendo m'malo ake obiriwira obiriwira. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamakhola, yodziyimira bwino komanso yam'munda ndiyabwino.

Kukonzekera ntchito yomwe ikubwera

Tikuzindikira kuti si onse omwe ali ndi mtengo wopangira nyumba. Komabe, tiyerekeze kuti ndi makolo anu omwe anapulumuka chifukwa chokonda kulima. Chidwi chodzikondweretsa komanso chosagawanika chomwe tidagwiritsa ntchito popanga sentimita iliyonse sichinawapangitse kuti azitha kupanga chinthu chosayerekezekachi.

Musanayambe kupanga ndikusankha njira, momwe mungapangire nyumba pamtengo womwe umakula mkati mwa tsamba, muyenera kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili. Ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati pali malamulo am'deralo oletsa kumanga nyumba zotere. Nthawi zina, nyumba zotere zimayenera kulandira chilolezo.

Ngati mtengowo uli pafupi ndi oyandikana nawo, muyenera kuyankhula ndi eni ake. Ndizotheka kuti kapangidwe kake kangabise dimba lawo lokonda maluwa, kuwononga mawonekedwe pawindo, kapena ana osayenda bwino adzayambitsa nkhawa kwa anthu okalamba. Mulimonsemo, ntchitoyi ikubweranso iyenera kukambirana ndi oyandikana nawo kuti asunge ubale wabwino.

Mukamapanga nyumba ya mitengo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti sizowopsa kuyiyika pamalo okwera kupitirira 2.5 m (1). Ngati thunthu kapena nthambi zingakhale thandizo lodalirika (2), zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko omanga nyumba ya mtundu woyamba. Mtengowo uyenera kukhala ndi mizu yolimba (3)

Tiyerekeze kuti palibe zopinga zomwe zingapange nyumba ya mitengo. Chifukwa chake, titha kupanga mwaluso, momwe timafunikira:

• Sankhani malo otetezeka kwambiri pansi. Amakhulupirira kuti pamasewera aana, nyumba yosungiramo mitengoyo siyenera kukhala pamalo okwera kuposa 1.5m. Ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa gazebo, kutalika kwake kungasunthire 2 - 2,5. Ngati mapangizowo akutengera gawo la nthambi ya thunthu, tsimikizani kutalika kwa malo iye.
• Muyenera kuwerengera malo oyambira pansi kapena papulatifomu, pompano kuti zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kuchokera munyengo yomwe ili pamtengowo zizikhala kwathunthu patsamba lanu.
• Sankhani pamangidwe nyumbayo. Sankhani ngati izikhala nsanja yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba komanso zopendekera, kapangidwe kake ngati kanyumba kapena nyumba yaying'ono.
• Patsani mwayi woti kugwa mwangozi. Ndikofunika kuti malo ozungulira nyumbayo sanakhalepobe. Madera omwe amakhudzidwa sanasungidwe kwathunthu, malo oyandikana ndi njira zopendekedwera sikulimbikitsidwa.
• Ganizirani mawonekedwe oyenera komanso otetezeka kwambiri masitepe kuti musunthire alendo kunyumba kuti akwere / kutsika.

Ngati mungafune komanso kukhalapo kwa prerequisites yokhazikika, ndibwino kulingalira zosankha pakugwiritsa ntchito gawo lomwe lili pansi pa chipangizocho. Siziwapweteka kukonza malo kuti tisungire ziwiya ndi zinthu zofunika kuzichotsa ku mvula.

Mukamapanga kapangidwe kake, ndikofunikira kulingalira za chitetezo, perekani njira zoyenera komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito dengalo pansi pa nyumba

Njira zomangira nyumba yamtengo

Monga lingaliro kwa ambuye apanyumba, tiunikira njira ziwiri zotchuka kwambiri zopangira nyumba yamtengo. Zitha kuikidwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono, kapena kutengera zitsanzo zapamwambazi, mutha kupanga njira yanu yomanga.

Chida chamathandizo

Uwu ndiye mtundu wamtundu wanthawi zonse, womwe pamfundo ukhoza kumangidwa pafupi ndi mtengo kapena popanda iwo. Chipangizochi chimapangidwa ndi milu. Dengali limapangidwa ndi matipi amtundu wopachikika, womangiriridwa pamwamba ndi mbale zamkuwa. Movement imaperekedwa ndi masitepe okhazikika omwe amaikidwa pakona ya 45º.

Mtundu woperekedwa wa nyumbayo sudalira pa thunthu ndi nthambi. Kuti awoloke pansi ndi padenga, mufunika kungopanga mabowo m'madenga (+)

Kuti muchite chimango, bar 105 × 105 mm idagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pazida zamiyala, kukula kwake kwa zinthuzo sikungakhale kopepuka kuwonjezera, ndizovomerezeka kuti muchepetse makhoma. Pa sheathing khoma, ndibwino kugula zingwe, koma plywood ndiyofunikanso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugule bolodi yotsekedwa 150 × 50 mm pansi, yomangika ndi 100 × 25 mm pamafelemu.

Kuchokera zotsalira za bolodi lakuthwa, mutha kupanga nyumba ya agologolo. Werengani za izi: //diz-cafe.com/postroiki/domik-dlya-belki-svoimi-rukami.html

Ngati kulibe luso pa ukalipentala, ndiye kuti kulumikiza mbali za chimacho ndi bwino kugula ngodya zachitsulo ndi ma mbale. Zilinso chimodzimodzi ndi mabokosi pakhomo komanso zitseko zenera, ngakhale atha kupangidwa ndi manja anu, ngati mungafune.

Pomanga nyumbayi ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyesedwera komanso njira zowerengedwa. Kutengera chitsanzo, mutha kukhazikitsa pulojekiti yanu (+)

Denga lomwe limapangidwa mwachitsanzo limapangidwa ndi matailosi osinthika, pomwe amakonza kukhazikika kwa plywood kapena bolodi lomwe lili ndi 3 mm. Timafunikiranso simenti kapena simenti yosakanizika ndi fakitale yochokera ku fakitale yomwe ikupanga zopangidwazo, ma nangula ndi zonyamula zonyamula maulalo.

Zigawo za chimango ndizosavuta kulumikizana ndi ngodya zachitsulo. Njira ina, kudula pakati pamtengo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukamasankha njira yachiwiri, iyenera kukumbukiridwa pakuwerengera kutalika kwa zinthuzo (+)

Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la asymmetric rafter la mtundu wopachika. Zipupa zakumaso zomwe zili pamwambapa, zimalumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mbale yachitsulo. Malo ochepetsa kulumikizana ndi chingwe chimapangidwa ndi notch, yowonjezeranso ndi misomali (+)

Magawo azitsulo zapansi pa nyumba:

• Timayika malowa malinga ndi kukula kwa nyumbayo. Timayika ngodya za mapangawo ndi zikhomo, kuzialumikiza ndi twine. Timayetsa zojambula m'mawu otchulidwa, azikhala ofanana.
• M'malo momwe milingayo adaikiramo, timapanga maenje ndi akuya pafupifupi 50-60 cm. Kutalika kwa mbali za maenje ndi masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Ching'onoting'ono chake m'deralo, njira yocheperako ingachoke, koma momwe zingakhalire, ndiye kuti maziko a muluwo adzakhala. Zikumbutso zothirira matope zitha kuchitika pobowola m'munda.
• Timakunga pansi pa maenje, titatha kupukutira mchenga wonyowa kuti tiwonjezere dzimbiri. Ngati pansi ndiwunjikidwa ndi loam, kapena mchenga wonyowa suyenera kupukutidwa.
• Pangani pilo pansi pa mulu maziko. Pansi pa dzenje lirilonse, kutsanulira 10 cm yamwala osweka ndi 10 cm yamchenga. Timaberekanso.
• Thirani simenti mu umodzi wa maenjewo pafupi theka la malo omwe atsala mutadzaza pilo.
• Ikani zidutswa za zitsulo zomangira zitsulo ndi khungu mpaka 25 × 25 × 2 mm pamwamba pa kudzaza. Timalimanga ndi zikhomo kapena waya mwachindunji kukhoma la dzenje. Chachikulu ndikuti gululi silisunthira pansi, koma limakhalabe pakati pakulimbikitsa.
• Timadzaza ndi yankho malo otsalawo mu dzenje.
• Momwemonso, timakhazikitsa maziko a konkire yonse.

Pakukhuthulira gawo lachiwiri la yankho, timakhazikitsa dowel kutulutsa komwe kumachitika pansi pa mulu. Ngati simukuika nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kukumba dzenje mu mwalawo. Tizikumbukira kuti mphindi zopitilira 45 zitadutsa pakati podzaza theka ndi theka lachiwiri la dzenjelo, apo ayi thandizo silikhala monolithic.

Atangotsanulira ndi gawo lomanga, timayang'anitsitsa kuti pamwamba pa zotsekazo ndiwotalika chimodzimodzi. Mbali ina, ndikofunikira kugwirizanitsa mawonekedwewo, pansi pawo kuyika tchipisi kapena matabwa oyikira.

Kuti othandizira azilimbitsa, pamafunika nthawi. Malinga ndi malamulo othira maziko a nyumba zogona, ntchito zotsatirazi ziyenera kuyamba pambuyo masiku 28. Panyengo iyi, amayenera kutsekedwa ndi polyethylene, yomwe imayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti podulira othandizira.

Chotsatira ndi kumanga chimango:

• Pogwiritsa ntchito zonyamula, timakhazikitsa milu, kumtunda kwake komwe kumakhala gawo lothandizidwa ndi chimango.
• Timamanga kanyumba kakang'ono komanso kumtunda kwa nyumbayo. Zomangiriza ndizolumikizidwa ndi nsanamira pogwiritsa ntchito ngodya zachitsulo.
• Timayika mafelemu a zenera ndi zitseko, ngati ali pantchitoyo.
• Tikulemba chizindikiro kumapeto kwa nyumbayo kuti tiyesetse padenga la nyumba. Mokhotakhota njanji m'malo ano.
• Timayika bolodi imodzi kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa kumapeto kwa denga lokwanira.
• Malinga ndi mapatizowa, timapeza kuchuluka kwa miyendo yayitali komanso yayifupi.
• Timalumikiza mizati ndi mbale yachitsulo pansi ndikuyinyamula kumtunda ndi fomu yomalizira. Fundo yam'munsi pamalo odula imalimbikitsidwa ndi misomali kapena ngodya.

Tsopano chimango chomalizidwa chikuyenera kumakidwa monga anakonzera: gonani pansi, sansani makoma, ikani khoma ndi padenga. Mukameta, sankhani mabowo kuti thunthu la mtengo limadutsa pansi ndi padenga. Timapanga dzenje lolowera kuzungulira kwa mbiya 7-10 masentimita omasuka pa nthawi ya kukula komanso ngati pakuchitika chimphepo champhamvu.

Mfundo za kupanga mpanda, mafelemu a zenera ndi zotsekera zimawonetsedwa pazithunzi zojambula (+)

Makwerero okhazikika pamalo 4 a ana amasiye ndiye njira yabwino koposa. Komabe, pa chipangizochi, kuthira konkriti kofunikira ndikofunikira kuthirira mfundo zotsika (+)

Kuchokera pansi kuzungulira bowo timakhomera zidutswa za bolodi kuti zilimbikitse pansi ndikuletsa kupewa kuwononga zinthuzo. Pamapeto, timakhazikitsa maakanema ofananirana pawindo ndi chitseko, timamanga ndikukonza masitepe.

Mitu imapangidwa pansi pa nyumbayo ndi padenga la mtengo kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa mtengowo ndi kapangidwe kake (+)

Makonzedwe amalo pa nthambi

Ngati thunthu ili ndi nthambi yooneka ngati V, ikhoza kukhala maziko ochirikiza pansi panyumba. Zowona, mtengowo uyenera kuti uwokedwe, womwe siwokoma kwambiri kwa iye. Kuphatikiza apo, mitengo yokhazikika iyenera kuchitidwa kuti mtengowo utatsitsimuka komanso ndikusunthidwa kuchokera kumphepo, sungawononge kapangidwe kake.

Musanayambe kupanga nyumba yopangira mitengo, muyenera kuyesabe. M'pofunika kusankha malo oyenera kwambiri a pansi. Izi zimachitika bwino ndi bolodi yokonzedwa, kutalika kwake ndikokulirapo kuposa mtunda pakati pa nthambi ndi masentimita 50. Kuti muchite zoyenera ndikulemba chizindikiro pazomwe tafotokozazi, muyenera makwerero odalirika ndi wothandizira wofanana.

Titaika gululo mozungulira, ndikofunikira kuyika chizindikiro pazomata panthambi komanso pa bolodi. Kuti mupeze, nthambi imodzi ya bolodi iyenera kumangirizidwa ndi msomali mwachisawawa. Kutembenuza bolodi, ndikusunthira pang'ono m'munsi / pansi, muyenera kupeza malo oyimirira. Kuwongolera koyenera kuyenera kuchitika pamalo omangira, kuyiyika m'mphepete mwa choyesedwa.

Gawo loyenerera ndilofunika kwambiri chifukwa mtsogolomo, kukonza zosokoneza, padzafunika kukumba dzenje latsopano mu nkhuni, lomwe lidzafooketsa thunthu ndi cholumikizira.

Monga momwe zinalili kale, ndikofunikira kuganizira za chitetezo pasadakhale ndikusankha masitepe oyenera

Kudula bolodi kudzakhala chida chojambula mtunda pakati pa nthambi pamaluzi a 100 × 150 mm, zomwe zidzalumikizidwe kumtengowo. Mahatchi amalembedwa mwachilengedwe pakati penipeni pa ntchito. Izi ndizomwe zikuwongolera pansi. Mtunda kuchokera kumbali yakumaso uyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi njira yomweyo komanso chimodzimodzi momwe mungafunikire kupanga mtengo wina wachiwiri.

Maenje opaka matengowo pamtengo ayenera kukhala aatali komanso owongoka bwino. Kuti muchite izi, kuchokera pa mfundo zolembedwa, gonani masentimita 5 kumanja ndi kumanzere.Kenako, pakubowola 12 mm, mabowo oyambilira amasankhidwa m'mphepete, ndipo owonjezera pakati pawo amachotsedwa ndi jigsaw. Dzenje lalitali limalola nthambi kuyenda osawonongera kapangidwe kake.

Maenje okukulira matambawo kumtengowo apangidwe mwa kakhwerero kuti mumtengowo usawonongeke ndi mphepo, mtengo suwononga mawonekedwe ake

Kenako, timapitiriza kumanga nyumbayo molingana ndi algorithm otsatirawa:

• Timalumikiza timitengo ta ulalo kuti nthambi zikhale ndi mabowo opakika, ndikuyika zikoko za nkhuni pafupifupi 12 mm. Kutalika kutalika 200 mm. Makina ochapira amafunika kuyikika pakati pa mtanda ndi sikelo.
• Onani kuyang'ana kwa matanda okhazikika.
• Tikuyika pamwamba pawo panjira yodutsa yopingidwa ndi mtengo wokhala m'munsi mwa mtengo 50 50 100 mm. Timakhazikitsa ziwiri zoyambirira, kenako zapakatikati. Mtunda pakati pa matanda apakatikati uyenera kukhala wolingana. Timakhala pamakutu otsogolera 80 mm.
• Kuchokera kumapeto kwa mitengo yoikika yopingasa timakhazikitsa mtengo womwewo.
• Maulalo a Nodal amalimbikitsidwa ndi ngodya zachitsulo ndi mbale.
• Timalimbitsa mawonekedwe a nsanja ndi mitengo iwiri yopingasa ya 50 × 100 mm, m'mphepete mwake momwe mumayang'anizana ndi nsanja yopangidwa, m'munsi m'mphepete mwa mtengo. Kuyika pamalopo kumachitika ndi ngodya, kumtengowo ndi zomangira 100 mm.
• Timayika pansi ndi bolodi ya 50 × 150 mm. Timagwirizanitsa bolodi wokhala ndi mitengo ndikulikhomera pamiyala 4 - 5 pansi. Ndizovomerezeka kuyika bolodi losakongoletsedwa ndi mipata ya 2 - 3 mm, chinthu chilichonse chimayenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi zomata ziwiri kapena misomali.
• Pafupi ndi nsanja, timapanga mpanda kuchokera pa bolodi yokhazikika kapena bar yokhala ndi mtunda pakati pazinthu za masentimita 10. M'makona a nsanja, mipiringidzo yammbali moyandikana imakhala moyandikana. Kutalika kwa zinthu zomangira mpanda ndi osachepera 90cm, kotero kuti kutalika kwathunthu ndi mkombero kumatuluka pafupifupi 80 cm.
• Pamwamba pa mpanda, ikani bar yomwe ikupanga nthambizo. Barayo imakhala yolumikizidwa ndi ngodya kwa mabatani apadera awa.

Tsambali lakonzeka. Kuti mufikire kumeneko mudzafunika makwerero, mtundu wake womwe umasankhidwa potengera chitetezo. Ngati wolandirayo akhale ana, ndibwino kuti mupange cholimba kukhola kapena chingwe cholowera mbali imodzi. Ngati makwerero angagwiritsidwe ntchito, pansi pa mtengo wake uyenera kulozedwa ndikuikidwira pansi kuti akonze malowo.

Mapangidwe apamwamba amalo amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana. Mawonekedwe osakanikira kapena osasunthika mwanjira yazinyumba kapena padenga la gable. Ntchito yomanga nyumba yamitengo ikhoza kupitilizidwa ndi ukadaulo wa chimango kapena kuyikapo nyambo, ndikuyiyika pamiyala yomwe ili m'makona.

Malangizo a kanema kwa omanga odziyimira pawokha

Njira yakapangidwe ka bajeti yomangira maziko achilimwe pamtengo:

Zomwe omanga aku America amapanga pomanga nyumba zamitengo:

Zosankha zathu pomanga nyumba yamtengo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masters odziimira pawokha. Ndi zomangamanga malinga ndi zomwe tafotokozazi sipangakhale vuto laling'ono. Koma zotsatira zake zidzayamikiridwa ndi mabanja akuluakulu komanso achinyamata.