Liwu lachilatini Ribes nigrum latembenuzidwa ku Russian kukhala "black currant".
Zipatso za zomera izi zimathandiza kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri zomwe zili mbali ya mapepala ndi mapeyala a "ngale" zakuda izi.
Vitamini C, B, P, citric acid, shuga. Izi siziri mndandanda wonse wa mankhwala othandiza omwe ali mu currants wakuda.
Kuwonjezera pa zakudya zawo komanso mavitamini, zipatsozi zimachepetsa shuga, kuchepetsa mwayi wa khansa ndi Alzheimer's, komanso kusintha masomphenya.
Kodi ndi mitundu iti yabwino ya black currant? Yankho lachidule pa funso limeneli lingapezeke muzinthu zomwe zili pansipa.
Pali mitundu yoposa 200 ya currant yakuda, ndipo kukoma kwa zipatso za mitundu yonse ndi kosiyana. Ngakhale chodabwitsa kwambiri chimatha kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya currant yakuda, yomwe idzadabwa kwambiri ndi kukoma kwake.
Kalasi "Hope"
Mapakati oyambirira a currants amapezeka kuchokera ku mitundu "Oryol Jubilee" ndi "Primorsky Giant". Olemba ndi TP. Ogoltsova ndi L.V. Bayanova, omwe ali antchito a bungwe la All-Union Scientific Research Institute la Zipatso Zosankha Zipatso.
Chokolola choyamba chidzapezeka kumapeto kwa June - oyambirira July. Zomera ndi zazikulu, zimakhazikika, nthambi zimayandikana kwambiri.
Kuwombera kumakula molunjika, wokhuthala, matt wobiriwira, pubescent. Mafinya ndi aakulu, amawoneka ngati mazira, osasunthika pamwamba, okongola a pinki, amapangidwa mofanana ndi mphukira.
Tsamba la currant lili ndi masamba 5, masamba okhawo ndi aakulu, wobiriwira wobiriwira, ndi zakuya kwambiri. Mabalawo ndi othwa pamapeto, pakati ndi aakulu kuposa ena onse ndipo amakula mu mawonekedwe a katatu.
Maluwawo ndi aakulu, ofanana ndi belu. Maburashi ndi ang'onoang'ono (mpaka masentimita 7 m'litali), mokwanira wandiweyani, akumira.
Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu kwambiri (mpaka 4.2 g muyezo), kuzungulira, wakuda, ndi mbewu zingapo. Idyani currant "Hope" mkulu, asidi ndi shuga muyeso.
Izi zimagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, sizimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo (powdery mildew, anthracnose, septoria, impso mite). Zoterezi zimatha kukhala ndi zowonjezera (61%). Zipatso zikhoza kukololedwa osati mwaulere, koma zimangothamanga, ndipo zokolola sizidzawonongeka. Zokolola pafupifupi - 1.5 makilogalamu pa chitsamba.
Black currant "Hope" muyenera kusankha ndi kupopera ngati mitundu yonse. Posankha mbande, chidwi choyenera chiyenera kulipidwa ku mizu, yomwe sichiyenera kuuma kapena kuonongeka.
Ndi kofunikanso kuyesa mbali yakunja ya kuthawa. Ziyenera kuoneka zathanzi, osasokonezeka ndi kulimbika kupirira makina pang'ono. Kuwombera mbande kumafunika kukwera 50h50h50
Chisamaliro cha tchirechi ndi chachilendo ndipo sichikusiyana ndi njira zomwe ziyenera kuchitika ndi mbewu zina za zipatso ndi mabulosi. Kuthira kwakukulu, kulima ndi kukulitsa nthaka, kudulira "zoipa" mphukira ndizomwe zimayendera.
Sizimapweteketsanso kuchita kulandira zomera ndi mankhwala otsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo.
Kalasi "Selechenskaya - 2"
Oyambirira osiyanasiyana a currant wakuda. Linayambika ku Institute of Lupine A.I. Astakhov ndi L.I. Zueva, yemwe adadutsa mawonekedwe 42-7 ndi 4-1-116.
Fruiting ikuyamba kumapeto kwa July. Zomera ndi zolunjika, zamphamvu. Masambawa amakhala atatu, otambasula, akuda, ndi makwinya ang'onoang'ono.
Tsamba lililonse liri lalitali mokwanira. Maluwa ndi okongola kwambiri, ofiira-wofiira.
Maluwa okwana 8 mpaka 14 amapangidwa mu burashi iliyonse, burashi yokha ndi yopindika pang'ono, popanda pubescence. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu (5.5 - 6.5 g), kuzungulira, zakuda, ndi khungu loyera. Kula kumayesedwa ndi mapiri apamwamba., zogwirizana kwambiri.
Kulekanitsa ndi chipatso ndiuma. Cholinga ndi chilengedwe chonse. Kukonzekera kumadalira mtundu wa teknoloji yaulimi, chiwerengero cha zipatso zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi - 1.7-2.8 makilogalamu.
Zitsamba za zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhazikika mwamsanga ndipo zimafanana ndi zochitika zam'mlengalenga. Pali chitetezo chokwanira kwa matenda ambiri a currant.
Chinthu chofunika kuti mupeze tchire ndi kupulumuka kwa tchire ndi khalidwe la mbewu. Ayenera kukhala okongola, maonekedwe abwino, osasweka ponyamula zofooka komanso kukhala ndi mizu yathanzi.
Mzuwu uyenera kukhala ndi nthambi 2 - 3, zomwe zisanabzalidwe ziyenera kudulidwa mpaka masentimita 7 m'litali. Muyeneranso kufupikitsa nsonga za mphukira kuti pasakhale masamba oposa 5 mpaka 6. Njira yokoka ndi yachibadwa.
Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa nyengo, nyengo ya tchireyi idzalephera kuthana ndi chilala, komanso kutentha kwa nthaka. Koma ndi bwino kupanga kuthirira mobwerezabwereza ndi kochepa, kuti madzi azikhala pansi.
Mulch amaletsa kutuluka kwa namsongole, ndipo kumasula nthaka kudzawonjezera mwayi wopeza oxygen ku mizu.
Zosiyanasiyana "Exotica"
Mitundu yoyamba, zipatso zimayambira kumayambiriro kwa July. Zotsatira za ntchito yogwirizana ya obereketsa TP Ogoltsova, Z.S. Zotovoy, S.D. Knyazev ndi L.V. Bayanova wochokera ku bungwe lofufuza za sayansi lonse la Russian la Plant Plant Fruit ndi Siberia Horticultural Research Institute.
Zomera ndi zoongoka, osati zowirira, koma zamphamvu. Young mphukira ya kuwala kobiriwira, popanda pubescence, ndi mokwanira lalikulu m'mimba mwake. Mitengo ndi yayikulu, yofiira, yopangidwa ndi mazira omwe ali ndi nsonga yosavuta.
Masambawa ndi asanu-lobed, aakulu kwambiri, omwe ali okhwima ndi ofiira, obiriwira ndi mtundu wonyezimira pang'ono. Pakatikatikati mwa mawonekedwe a katatu, lalikulu kwambiri, ndi mapeto ake.
Zonsezi zimakhala ndi nsonga yosavuta, yaying'ono kwambiri. Maluwa ndi aakulu, amitundu yambiri. Mapiritsi apakati, pangani pansi, kupanga 8 - 10 zipatso mu bura limodzi.
Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu (mpaka 6.5 g), kuzungulira, zakuda, zowala dzuwa, ndi khungu lochepa. Mnofu ndi wokoma ndi wowawasa, wonunkhira kwambiri, umatsitsimula.
Cholinga cha zipatso za m'kalasiyi ndi chilengedwe chonse. Avereji zokolola - 1 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chitsamba. Mitengo ndi 55% yokha, yokhazikika kwa kutentha, kusagwidwa ndi powdery mildew ndi pota.
Zomera zimakhala zovuta kutsutsana ndi anthracnose, septoria ndi bud mite. Zipatso za currant "Exotica" sizidzasokonekera ndi njira yosakaniza yokolola.
Njira yokoka ndi yachibadwa. Zofunikanso kwa mbande zimakhalanso zachilendo. Pambuyo mutabzala, mmera uliwonse uyenera kutsanulidwa mochuluka.
Kuthirira, kukulunga ndi kumasula nthaka ndi kopanda zizindikiro. Zoonadi kutero kukonza tchire kuchokera ku anthracnose ndi septoriakomanso kuyang'ana maonekedwe a zizindikiro za kukhalapo kwa impso.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za kubzala ndi kusamalira currants ofiira.
Kalasi "Dobrynya"
Pakatikati mochedwa mosiyanasiyana, zipatso zipsala zaka khumi zachiwiri za July. Anagwedezeka podutsa zosiyana siyana "Kukwera" ndipo amapanga 42-7 A.I. Astakhov mu Institute of Lupine.
Zomera zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, monga iwo ali sredneroslye. Nthambi zing'onozing'ono zimakhala zazifupi, osati zokhota, zobiriwira, zobiriwira, zosalala, ndi pubescence.
Masamba amapangidwa ndi masamba atatu, kukula kwa tsamba la masamba kungakhale kokulirapo ndi lalikulu. Masamba okhawo ali obiriwira, ndi makwinya.
Maluwawo ndi aakulu, owala achikasu. Maburashi ndi obiriwira, opotoka pang'ono, a mtundu wobiriwira, maluwa onse 6 mpaka 10 amapangidwa. Zipatso zikuluzikulu (5.5 - 6.5 g), zolimbitsa, zakuda, ndi khungu lakuda ndi lakuda.
Mavitaminiwo ndi onunkhira kwambiri, ndi zokopa zokoma ndi zowawa. Chiwerengero cha zipatso kuchokera ku 1 chomera pafupifupi 1.5 - 2.5 makilogalamu.
Tchire la currant "Dobrynya" amalekerera modekha kusinthasintha kwazing'ono, komanso chilala. Osakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildewkoma akhoza kuvutika ndi zina zozizira matenda, komanso impso tizilombo.
Tchire tating'ono tomwe timabzalidwa tiyenera kukhala okongola komanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Awaponyeni iwo mwa njira yachizolowezi. Kusamalira mbande ndi wamba.
Kusamalira wamba. Ndikofunika kukonza zitsamba motsutsana ndi bowa ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana katatu pachaka, mwinamwake sikungatheke kuchiza zomerazo patapita nthawi.
Sungani "chimphona chachikulu cha Leningrad"
Zaka zam'mbuyomo zoyambira ndi E.N. Glebova ndi A.I. Potashova ku State of St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, ndipo ndi chifukwa cha kuyendetsa kofikira kwa stakhanovka Altai currant ndi kusakaniza kwa mungu kuchokera ku chiwonetsero ndi mungu wosapunthika.
Zomera ndizitali, zowongoka, ndi kuchulukitsa kwawo kumawonjezeka panthawi ya fruiting. Nthambi zazing'ono zimakhala zazikulu, zoongoka, ndi pubescence, zobiriwira, mtundu wa mphukira uli wobiriwira.
Pa tchire wamkulu, maluwa amagawidwa, ndiko, zidutswa 6 mpaka 8 zimapangidwa palimodzi. "Nthambi" zing'onozing'ono zimenezi ndizo pafupifupi mitundu yochepa ya currant, kuphatikizapo Leningrad Giant.
Mafupipafupi, koma obiriwira, owoneka ngati mazira, a pinki, omwe amawoneka bwino, otsalira ku mphukira. Masambawa ndi aakulu, ndi malabe asanu, wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi matte pamwamba.
Phokoso lakati ndilo lalitali kwambiri, lalikulu kwambiri, ndi nsonga pamutu. Maluwawo ndi aakulu, amtunduwo ndi opaka utoto wofiira. Maburashiwa ndi osiyana, onse ali ochepa komanso aatali, zipatso za 6 mpaka 13 zimapangidwa mu bura limodzi.
Zipatsozi zimakhala zosakanikirana (1.2 - 2.2 g), kuzungulira, zakuda, ndi khungu lofewa.
Ngakhale kupuma kouma, chipatso sichingaphuke. Kukoma kwa zamkati ndi zabwino kwambiri, ndipo zipatso za currantzi zimakhala ndi fungo losangalatsa.
Zokolola zazikulu (3 - 4.5 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi), kudzipiritsa yekha ndiposa 50%. Zipatso zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mochita. Komanso maphunziro kukana ndi madontho otentha, koma nthambi zimatha kusokoneza mphepo, makamaka pa nthawi ya fruiting.
Ndiponso, "Leningrad Giant" ilibe chitetezo chapadera ku matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo.
Mbande ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka, siziyenera kuswa panthawi yoyendera. Komanso, pasakhale zizindikiro za bowa kapena kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo. Njira yokoka ndi yachibadwa.
Chisamaliro ndi chachilendo. Pokonzekera mabedi m'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kusamala kuti muteteze tchire kuchokera ku chisanu, monga ena a iwo sangathe kubwerera ku mphepo yozizira. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuchipatala motsutsana ndi matenda a fungal ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zingabweretse mavuto osasinthika ku tchire, ndipo, potero, kukolola kotsiriza.
Mitundu Yambiri ya "Anniversary Copan"
Middle currant baka zomwe zimabereka chipatso chachiwiri - zaka khumi za July.
Wodziwika ndi zokolola zazikulu, kudziletsa, kutetezeka kwa matenda a fungal ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi.
Zosiyanasiyanazi ndizofunikira zokolola. Tchire la currantyi ndi lalitali, lamasamba. Mphukira ndi yaitali komanso yandiweyani.
Mafupitafupi otalika, kutalika.
Mitundu yambiri ya "Jubilee Kopania" inalembedwa mu 1983 pamene akudutsa zosiyanasiyana "News Prykarpatsya" ndi mawonekedwe a hybrid C-106. "Mayi" womalizira adayambitsa mitundu yatsopano yotsutsa matenda onse omwe amadziwika ndi matendawa.
Olemba ndi K.N. Kopan ndi V.P. Kopan. Mavitaminiwa ndi aakulu, kufika 4-4.5 g mulemera, oval-eyeri, wakuda, ndi khungu lofiira ndi lokhazikika.
Kulekanitsa ndi chipatso ndiuma. Mnofu wa zipatsozo ndi wokoma ndi wowawasa, wobiriwira, wofiira, wokoma kwambiri. Zipatso zimapsa nthawi imodzi, zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya processing.
Mbande ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira nthawi zonse. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ali ndi thanzi labwino. Kwa tchire ting'onoting'ono tomwe timapulumuka bwino osati nyengo yofatsa, mwamsanga mutabzala, iyenera kubisidwa kwa kanthawi kochepa.
Njira yokoka ndi yachibadwa. Pamapeto pake kubzala chitsamba chilichonse chidzafunika madzi ndi mulchkotero kuti onse amve bwino. Asanadzalemo ndizomveka kuzisunga mizu mu dothi phala.
Chisamaliro ndi chachizolowezi, ndikofunika, kuti ndiyambe madzi ndi kusungunula nthaka. Zomera zimenezi sizikusowa chithandizo, koma kuti zithetse, mukhoza kutsuka tchire ndi kukonzekera koyenera kangapo.
Muyeneranso kuchotsa mbali zowonongeka kapena zoonongeka za mphukira kuti zisachotse "mphamvu zazikulu" kuchokera kumtunda wathanzi.
Tsopano inu mukhoza kuwona kuti palibe chirichonse cholemera mu kukula currants wakuda. Ngati mwabzala kale nkhaka kapena tomato, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo mutatsiriza mmera, ndiye kuti mutha kulimbana ndi zitsamba zakuda.
