Kawirikawiri, amthracnosis amapezeka m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yofunda ndi yozizira: kum'mwera kwa Russia, Moldova, Ukraine ndi Central Asia. Posachedwa, iye anawonekera kale ku Belarus ndi kumadzulo.
Ichi ndi matenda owopsa kwambiri omwe amakhudza makamaka mitundu ya mphesa yomwe imatsutsana ndi mildew ndi oidium ndipo sichidwalidwa ndi fungicides. Anthracnose akugwera ziwalo zonse za zomera: mphukira, masamba ndi zipatso. Bwanji osaphonya zizindikiro za matendawa ndi kuwazindikira pa gawo loyamba?
Zizindikiro za anthracnose mphesa
Ngati simungayambe nthawi kuti muchite zotetezera, ndiye kuti pali mwayi uliwonse wa matendawa. Choyamba, masamba a anthracnose amakhudzidwa. Choyamba, iwo ali ndi madontho aang'ono a mdima, omwe amatha kukhala madontho aang'ono a brownish ndi malire a mdima.
Chifukwa cha mawanga awa, matendawa adalandira dzina lina: Mphesa Yamphesa
Patapita kanthawi, mawanga awa anayamba kuoneka pa mphukira. Ambiri amapezeka ndi matenda achinyamata masamba ndi zimayambira.
Zizindikirozi zimakula mofulumira, zikuphimba pafupifupi gawo lonse la pepala, ndipo zimatulutsa mdima wonyezimira-pinki. Masamba owonongeka amauma ndi kutha. Sizokolola zokhazo zomwe zimadwala, nthawi zambiri zomera zimadwala.
Mphukira zopweteka amadzala ndi yaitali mawanga a bulauniyomwe imamera mkati, ikufutukuka ndikukhala yakuda. Malo okhudzidwa amayamba kusweka. Mu chilala chambiri, amawuma amauma ndi kutha, ndipo nyengo yamvula imavunda. Kaŵirikaŵiri amadwala matenda a anthracnose mphesa mapesi, crests ndi inflorescences.
Ndi nthendayi ya masango, pa zipatsozo amaoneka ngati amtundu wambiri mkati mwa mtundu wofiira ndi phokoso la violet. Chifukwa cha machitidwe achilendo ameneŵa, nthawi zambiri amayamba kutchula kuti diso la mbalame. M'kupita kwa nthawi, zipatso zimatuluka, zowuma ndi kugwa.
Anthracnose imafalikira mofulumira ndipo imatha kuwononga mpaka 80% ya mbewu yonse. Kulimbana ndi vutoli ndilovuta kwambiri, ndibwino kuti musalole kuti matendawa ayambe.
Zifukwa za matenda
Anthracnose ndi matenda a fungal. Matendawa amatha kukhala pamtunda kwa nthawi yayitali, pafupi zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo samadziwonetsera yekha, mpaka nthawi ina. Bowa pamwambawinters pa mphukira ndi masamba ndi kuwuka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Anthracnose imakhala yogwira mwamsanga pa chinyezi komanso t 25 + 25-3.
Kulimbikitsidwa kwa mawonekedwe ake kumathandizanso:
- mvula yamphamvu ndi matalala;
- Kuwonongeka kosakanikirana kwa mphukira pamene kudulira koyenera;
- kusowa kwa feteleza phosphate feteleza;
- nthaka yowawa kwambiri kapena yamchere.
Chithunzi
Njira zovuta
Kodi mungatani ngati matendawa sungapewe? M'pofunika kuchotsa ndi kuwotcha masamba onse omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mphukira ndikuchiza mbeu ndi 3% ya Bordeaux osakaniza. Kupopera mbewu yoyamba kumachitika pamene mphukira imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 7-10, ndipo yachiwiri pambuyo pa masabata awiri, koma ndi 1% yothetsera.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa amagwera mbali ya pansi pa pepalakoma sanayenda pansi. Pakuti ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito sprayers ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Chithandizo ndi bwino kumayambiriro m'mawa kapena madzulo kupeŵa kutentha kwa dzuwa.
Mwatsoka mankhwala amtundu kulimbana ndi matendawa sikuthandiza, ndipo ngati matendawa akuthamanga, muyenera kupita ku "zida zolemetsa" - zowonongeka. Gonjetsani bwino anthracnose Ridomil, Abiga-Peak, Fundazol, Kartotsid, Ordan, Skor ndi Acrobat.
Posachedwapa, mankhwala opangidwa ndi anthracnose akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. kukonzekera kwachilengedwe: Gaupsin, Mikosan ndi Planriz. Kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse, ndi nthawi ya masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri ndi khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndikuonetsetsa kuti kuchepa kwa mbeu kukuchepetsa. Chabwino, ndipo, ndithudi, musaiwale za njira zothandizira.
Kupewa
Pofuna kupewa matendawa, nkofunika kusamalira bwino munda wamphesa. Sitiyenera kuloledwa chitsamba thickening.
Ndikofunika kuti muzitha kukonzekera nthawi ndi nthawi. Zida ndi zipangizo ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate. Njira yomweyo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito komanso masamba a mphesa.
M'chaka, pamaso pa maluwa, nkofunika kupopera 1% Bordeaux osakaniza kapena mkuwa oxychloride. Patapita milungu iwiri mankhwalawa akubwerezedwa. Kupaka mungu ndi sulfure ufa kumathandiza bwino.
M'dzinja kudulira Mbali zonse zakutali za zomera zimatenthedwa. Nthaka nthawi zonse kumasulidwakuthirira madzi ndi kuwomba. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zovuta, ndi calcium ndi phosphorous yambiri, kukumba pakati pa mizere ndikuwononga namsongole. Pambuyo mvula yamphamvu ndi matalala, Bordeaux osakaniza kapena fungicides amachiritsidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Mitundu yoopsa
Makamaka amavutika ndi mitundu ya anthracnose monga:
- Lydia;
- Viorica;
- Manda;
- Chisangalalo;
- Danko;
- Karaburnu;
- Pini pinki;
- Husayne;
- Vierul
Zomwe zingayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana:
- Riesling;
- Yoyera ndi yoyera;
- Cabernet Sauvignon;
- Saperavi.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu ya mphesa siilimbana ndi mildew, imvi yovunda ndi oidium ikhoza kupeza kachilomboka. Pofuna kupewa izi, m'pofunika kuchita zowononga nthawi zonse ndikuonetsetsa kuti munda wamphesawo ndi wodalirika, wodalirika.
Anthracnose - matenda oopsayomwe ingakhoze kupha munda wonse wa mpesa mu masiku angapo. Ngati madera osiyana akale adakumana ndi tsoka, ndi nyengo yozizira ndi yozizira, tsopano kufalikira kwa nthaka kumakhala kofalikira ndipo palibe njira yochitira popanda njira zotetezera.
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