Chikhalidwe cha karoti chinayambira kale - pafupifupi zaka 4,000 zapitazo.
Ndi lero mizu yotereyi yakhala yofala kwa ife. Koma pamene anthu adayamika karoti chifukwa cha kukoma kwake ndi kothandiza.
Chinsinsi sichoncho chakuti mapulani a mizu yofiira iyi imakhala ndi beta-carotene yambiri, yomwe imakhudza ubwino wa masomphenya. Motero, kaloti imakhala yotchuka masiku athu ano.
Ziri zosatheka kupeza chiwembu komwe wolima minda anabzala mabedi awiri a karoti. Koma molondola ndi kuchita. Ndipotu, ndi bwino kudya masamba ndi zipatso zomwe zimakula.
Lero mukhoza kupeza zambiri zokhudza mitundu ya kaloti, zonsezo ndi zosiyana. Koma pakati pawo palinso omwe adapindula bwino mutu wa "zabwino." Mmodzi mwa mitundu iyi - phunzirani pansipa.
Sakani "Alenka"
Kaloti pakatikati pa nyengo.
Asanayambe kukhwima, masiku 85 mpaka 90 amachoka pa nthawi yofesa mbewu.
Mmene chipatsocho chimapangidwira kaloti, ndiko kuti, karoti iliyonse imapangika mu mawonekedwe a ngakhale mitsulo, yomwe nsonga yake imakhala yochepa, yojambula mu kuwala kowala lalanje.
Mitengo ya chipatso ndi yaikulu (14 - 16 cm kutalika, 80 - 100 kulemera). Kukoma kwa karoti ndibwino kwambiri, thupi ndi yowutsa mudyo, wachifundo.
Pereka adawerengedwa monga pamwamba ndipo ndi 5 - 6.5 makilogalamu pa sq.m. Karoti iyi ikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo kukoma ndi maonekedwe sizowonongeka.
Zosiyanasiyanazi sizothandiza kwambiri kuti tigulitse, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti tigwiritse ntchito. Mizu imeneyi imapanga madzi abwino, komanso zakudya zina. Kuphatikiza apo, ikhoza kudyetsedwa mwatsopano.
Malo omwe ali pawebusaiti yanu ayenera kukhala achonde komanso osasamala. Ndiye karotiyi idzapatsa zochuluka zokolola.
Mbeu yotupa ndi yotupa ikhoza kuikidwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa April. Ngati nyengo ili yosakhazikika, ndiye mpaka kutuluka kwazomera Mbeu ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi pulasitiki. Kuzama kwa mbeu izi ziyenera kukhala 2 - 3 masentimita. Njira yobzala ndi 5x20 cm.
Pamene mukukula izi zosiyanasiyana muyenera kuchita chimodzimodzi ndi mitundu ina. Ndiko kuti, bedi liyenera kukhala madzi nthawi zonse, kudyetsedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa.
Karoti sizingatheke kuwonjezeka kwa nitrates mu thupi la muzu, chotero palibe chifukwa chochepetsera kuchuluka kwa feteleza feteleza.
Kalasi "Amsterdam"
Mitengo yakutchire yoyamba, imene imafuna masiku 85 mpaka 95 kuti ikhale ndi zipatso zokhwima.
Zipatso ndizochepa, zowala zonyezimira, zowoneka mozungulira, ndi zomaliza.
Kutalika kwa muzu kumatha kufika pa masentimita 14 mpaka 17, ndi kulemera kwake kufika 150 g. Mkati mwa karotiyo ndi wosakhwima mu kapangidwe kake, ndi madzi ambiri, komanso kukoma kokoma.
Muzu wa muzu ndi woonda, utoto wofanana ndi pamwamba. Pamwamba pa chipatsocho si chobiriwira, pamene iwo amadzizidwa kwathunthu pansi.
Malingana ndi chisamaliro chabwino cha chomera, mukhoza kutenga pafupifupi 5 - 6 kg ya zipatso pa mita imodzi.
Zipatso musasokoneze ngakhale ndi madzi ochulukirapo m'nthaka. Ndiponso, karoti sichitha ku tsvetushnosti.
Cholinga cha karotiyo ndi chilengedwe chonse, ndiko kuti, chidzakhala chokwanira kwa saladi kapena mbale yotentha, komanso yoyenera kukonza.
Zosiyanasiyanazi zimatchulidwa pansi. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lachonde komanso lofewa mokwanira kuti mpweya uzidutsa.
Ndondomeko yobzala idasinthidwa pang'ono, ndiko kuti, pakati pa mbewu zoyandikana, nthawiyi ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kufika masentimita atatu. Kufesa kungayambike kumayambiriro kwa April 20, ndipo tsiku lomaliza lidzakhala pa May 5.
Chinthu chokhacho ndi chodabwitsa chokhudza kuthirira. Chinyezi cha nthaka chiyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse pamtunda womwewo kuti zipatso zikhale ndi madzi okwanira kuti akwaniritse kukula ndi kukula.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu yabwino ya kaloti ku Moscow dera
Kalasi "Vitamini"
Kaloti zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala yokolola (masiku 85 mpaka 90). Muzu wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndiwomangamanga, ndi mapeto omveka bwino, aakulu kukula (mpaka 15 cm kutalika ndi 165 g kulemera).
Mtundu wa zipatso zonse ndi lalanje, ndipo ndi wofanana ndi wa zamkati, ndi kunja. Green vertex zipatso sizidzatero, chifukwa karotiyi sichifuna kuwuka pansi.
Kunja, karoti iyi ili ndi maso, komabe imamva bwino. Kulawa Zipatso za kaloti zamitundu iyi ndizotsekemera kwambirinyama yowutsa.
Kaloti imeneyi imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri za carotene, chifukwa adokotala amavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito mizu imeneyi kuti apange chakudya kwa ana, komanso ngati ali ndi matenda otsika a hemoglobin.
Kuchokera pamtunda wa mita imodzi mukhoza kutenga makilogalamu okwana 5 mpaka 10, koma zokolola zazikulu zingapezeke kokha ndi teknoloji yabwino ya ulimi.
Mbali ya nthaka siimaphuka ngakhale pamene mbewu idabzalidwa mu kugwa. Mbewu yazitsamba sizimasokoneza, zomwe ndizopindulanso kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Mukhoza kusunga karoti, ndi mtundu uliwonse. Mizu imeneyi ikhoza kukhala yochuluka kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero pamene mukukula kaloti, mudzakhala ndi muzu mpaka masika.
Mbeu yotupa yokhayo yomwe imathiridwa kapena mbewu mu granules, komwe kagawo kameneka kamapangidwa, imatha kuwonjezeredwa ku kama. Ngati kumapeto kwa April nyengo yabwino, nyengo yowonjezera inakhazikitsidwa, padzakhala zotheka pa mphindi ino kuti zinyamuke.
Chomera chomera - 5x20 - 25 masentimita. N'zotheka kuika mbewu pamtunda wosachepera 2-4 masentimita. Ngati mutabzala kalotiyi mugwa, njirayi imasungidwa.
Muyenera kuthirira madzi mabedi karoti nthawi zambiri.pafupifupi kamodzi pa masiku asanu kuti musunge chinyezi chokwanira m'nthaka.
Komanso kubzala kaloti kumafunika kutsika, ndi mosamala kwambiri. Cholinga cha kupatulira ndi kupereka zipatso zonse ndi malo okwanira pansi kuti zipatso zikhale zazikulu.
Ngati nthaka ili ndi chiwerengero chochepa chonde, ndiye kuti feteleza iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito polemba chiwembu chonse, komanso nthawi ya kukula. Chiwerengero cha kuvala sichitha kufika katatu.
Sakani "Callisto"
Karoti kukula kwa msinkhu wa hybrid. Zaka 92 mpaka 125 zidzakhala zokwanira kuti zomera zitheke kufika pa siteji ya kukhwima.
Mphukira ya tchire ili ndi masamba omwe amajambulidwa mumdima wobiriwira. Karotiyo yokha ndi conical kuposa cylindrical, ali wolemera lalanje mtundu ndi yosalala, ngakhale pamwamba.
Pa mphukira, zipatso zimakhala zochepetsedwa pang'ono ndipo zimakhala zojambula mu utoto wobiriwira, chifukwa sizimadzizidwa pansi. Thupi ndi lofiira-lalanje, pachimake ndi laling'ono.
Zipatso zimapangidwa ndi lalikulu, mpaka 20 cm 22 cm, ndikulemera masentimita 120 mpaka 135.
Kulawa makhalidwe a karotiwa amawoneka ngati abwino, thupi ndi lokoma mokwanira kulawa. Beta-carotene mu chipatso ndikwanira kugwiritsa ntchito karoti ngati gawo la zakudya za mwana.
Maonekedwe a malonda a zosiyanasiyana "Callisto" ndi abwino kwambiri, amakhalanso olekerera mosavuta. Choncho, karoti ikhoza kukulirakulira osati kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba, komanso kugulitsidwa. Pezani ndi sq.m. Mabedi akhoza kukhala 6 mpaka 7 makilogalamu a zipatso zabwino.
Yabwino kutsogolo kwa karoti ndi tomato, kabichi, anyezi, kapena mbatata oyambirira. Choncho, malo a kaloti ayenera kusankhidwa kumene chaka chisanakhale chikhalidwe ichi chikukula.
Payenera kukhala kuwala kwambiri pa malo otsetsereka, ndipo nthaka iyenera kukhala yowala ndi yolemera. Palibe kusintha kwa ndondomeko yobzala, chitsanzo ndi kuya kwake.
Mitunduyi imakhala yofunikira kwambiri kupatulira, monga zipatso zambiri zimapangidwira. Kuonetsetsa kuti zonse zomwe zimachokera ku mbeu sizikusowa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malo, mukhoza kuchotsa gawo la kubzala, ndikuziika ku malo ena, malo akuluakulu.
Zophatikiza kusagwirizana ndi chilala chochepa, koma musachedwe ndi kuthirira.
Mpaka mbewuzo zikamera, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa momasuka kotero kuti kutumphuka sikupangidwe pamwamba. Feteleza ayenera kukhala mosamala, kulemekeza kuchuluka.
Zosiyanasiyana "Losinoostrovskaya 13"
Kaloti zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku midzi. Zokolola zikhoza kuchitidwa patatha masiku 85 mpaka 90 mutatha mbeu za prikopali.
Mizu ya maluwa imakula mozungulira, mpaka mamita 17 masentimita ndikulemera mpaka 150-170 magalamu. Pamwamba muli ndi maso, koma osalala.
Chifukwa cha mtundu wake wokongola wa lalanje, zipatso zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti malonda agwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kukoma kwa zamkati za chipatso cha mitundu iyi kumasiyananso ndi "achibale" ake onse. Mu zamkati lili ndi madzi ambirizomwe zimamupatsa maswiti.
Nanga kuchuluka kwa mbeu, ndi chisamaliro chotani kwa zomera kuchokera pa malo. Mavitamini amatha kukhala 7 mpaka 8.5 kg ya zipatso.
Izi karoti wodabwitsa kupirira kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa mpweya, komanso kusowa kwa maluwa. Pazifukwazi, Losinoostvovskaya kaloti ndi abwino yophukira kulima.
Kugwiritsa ntchito karoti kungakhale yosiyana kwambiri: kuyambira kumayambiriro atsopano kaloti mu zakudya kuti processing mu timadziti ndi mbale.
M'pofunika kudzala karoti molingana ndi malamulo, ndipo magawo onse apulumutsidwa.
Udzu uyenera kukhala umuna ndi kukumba kuti ukhale wodzaza dziko lapansi ndi mpweya ndikupatsa mbeu yachinyamata mwayi wofulumira.
Kupukuta ndi kuthirira kumathandiza kwambiri pakukula kaloti. Pofuna kumera mizu yapamwamba, mundawu uyenera kukhala wothirira madzi ndi madzi otentha nthawi yoyamba, ndipo mutatha kumera - ozizira kale.
Sizimapweteketsanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza yonse 2 - 3 pa nyengo iliyonse. Koma chiwerengero cha kuvala molunjika chimadalira kukula kwa nthaka.
Zosiyanasiyana "Red Giant"
Zokonda kwambiri karoti chikhalidwe.
Zimatengedwa pakati pa nyengo, nyengo yakucha ikhoza kukhala masiku 80 - 100.
Zipatso za mawonekedwe, omwe ndi, zimakhala zowonjezera, zimapindula ndi magalamu 65 mpaka 155 kulemera kwake, ndi mtundu wowala wofiira-lalanje, motalika (mpaka 25 cm).
Mnofu ndi wokoma komanso wambiri wambiri. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake osiyana, izi zimakhala zofala pakati pa wamaluwa omwe akufuna kukhala ndipamwamba kwambiri karoti.
Zonse zomwe mukufunikira kuti muzichita mwachizolowezi. Ngakhalenso pa zochitika za kubzala m'nyengo ya autumn.
Makamaka akusowa kupatulira, komanso nthawi zonse kuthirira.
Tsopano muli ndi mndandanda wa mitundu yabwino ya kaloti. Muyenera kusankha kaloti pamasewera anu kuti musangalatse nokha ndi zipatso zabwino zamaluwa.
