Mitengo ya Walnut lero imakula pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse. Chomera chodziletsa sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera (m'malo mwake, chingayambitse mwiniwake mavuto chifukwa cha kukula kwake mwamphamvu), ndipo kukolola kolemera kwambiri kwa walnuts kumapatsa mavitamini kwa nthawi yaitali yozizira. Zosangalatsa, ngakhale zosavomerezeka m'maganizo athu, mtedza wamba "wamba" ndi wina wa m'banja - hickory.
Mtundu wa Caria (kufotokozera mwachidule)
Mtengo uwu wochokera ku banja la Walnut amadziwika ndi mayina a hickory (hickory), caria, komanso pecan kapena ku United States mtedza.. Zimakhulupirira kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwa zomera zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndi thunthu lolimba.
Dziko lakwawo ndilokummawa kwa North America. Kumeneko kumakula lero, ngakhale kuti madera akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito mafakitale ali kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa United States, ndipo ku Texas pecan ndi chizindikiro cha boma.
Komabe, masiku ano Carya wawonjezera malo ake ogawa. Zimakula bwino ku Asia, Caucasus ndi Peninsula ya Crimea. 
Pecan ndi mtengo wamtali ndithu. Zomwe zimakhala kutalika ndi 20-40 m, koma zimphona zimadziwika kuti zifika m 65m. Mtedza wa ku America umakula pang'onopang'ono: kuti ukhale wokwanira, nthawi zina umafunika zaka mazana awiri, koma ngakhale zaka mazana atatu kariya ukhoza kubzala mbewu zabwino.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge zinthu zomwe pecan zili nazo.
Mwa njira, mbiriyakale ya dzina. "Pecan" ndi "Hickory" ndizosiyana mosiyana ndi mawu a chi India akuti "powcohicora", kotero Aaborijini ankakonda mtedza wokondedwa wawo, omwe ankakonda kudya, kugawana zipatso ndi miyala, ndi kupanga uta pa mtengo. "Kariya" amachokera ku chi Greek chakale "κάρυον", kutanthauza phokoso, komabe, dzina limeneli limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalande, osati kwa mtedza wa America.
Mu banja la hickory pali woimira wina wodabwitsa yemwe ali shrub. Izi ndi karya floridskaya. Kwenikweni, banja limaphatikizapo mitengo yodalirika ya monoecious. Malinga ndi malo okula (m'nkhalango kapena kumalo otseguka), mtedza wa ku America ukhoza kupanga korona waukulu mu mawonekedwe a hema kapena kutsekemera, kapena kuponyera nthambi zapansi, kukwera mmwamba kupita ku dzuwa.
Mphepete ya pecan ili ndi makungwa otupa, omwe ali ndi msinkhu umayamba kuphulika ndi kutuluka ngati khungu la njoka. Nthambi zazing'ono zimakhala ndi kuwala, akuluakulu - osasangalatsa komanso amphamvu. Masambawo ndi aakulu, toothed. Asanayambe chikasu. Hazel masamba okha masamba, tsinde lomwe masambawo amakhala, amakhala pamtengo, nthawi zambiri mpaka masika. 
Kuphulika kwa mtedza wa ku America kumagwirizana ndi kukula kwa masamba. Panthawi imeneyi, mtengo umaponyera mphete zambiri zadutswa 3-8 pa mwendo umodzi (mosiyana ndi mtedza, pomwe phokoso liri losakwatiwa kapena losakanikirana). Pecan, pollination cross kapena pollination ndi zotheka, koma pamapeto pake zipatso sizikuphuka.
Mitundu yayikulu ya caria
Pali mitundu yambiri ya hickory. Zonsezi zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu - Kariya, Apocaria ndi Annamokaria.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mtundu wa Apocarius umaphatikizapo mitengo yofanana kwambiri ikukula m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Akatswiri asayansi akhala akudabwa kalekale kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana yomwe ingafanane ikuyandikira kwambiri. Zonse zinatsimikiziridwa pamene zinakhazikitsidwa kuti mamiliyoni ambirimbiri apitawo, Asia ndi North America zinagwirizanitsidwa ndi mlatho wa nthaka.
Werengani za kukula: mtedza, mtedza, manchu, wakuda ndi imvi mtedza.
Panthawi ya masautso a padziko lapansi, mlatho unagwa, mitundu yambiri ya zinyama ndi zomera (kuphatikizapo oimira banja la caria) inatheratu padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo omwe adatha kukhalapo adayamba kukula, ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano.
Taganizirani otchuka kwambiri mwa iwo.
Kariya Pecan kapena Hickory Pecan
Mtengo umadziwikanso ngati Hickory Illinois. Kwenikweni, uwu ndi mtedza kwambiri wa America umene nkhani ya caria inayamba. Amakula makamaka ku United States, pafupi ndi dera lonse lakumwera kuchokera ku Mississippi ndi Texas kupita ku Iowa ndi Indiana. 
Lili ndi subspecies zopitirira zana ndi makumi asanu ndipo limayamikiridwa ndi Achimerika osachepera mtedza wathu.
Aurose akuyesetsanso kukula mu kukongola kwawo ku Illinois. Kuyesera koteroko kumapindulitsa kwambiri ku Spain, France ndi Ukraine, koma kuti mtengo wonse ukhale ndi fruiting umafunika kutentha mokwanira komanso nthawi yayitali. Komabe, nyengo yozizira yozizira imakhala yaikulu kwambiri, kotero kuti mu nyengo ya ku Ulaya, mtengo ukhoza kukula.
Mukudziwa? Amwenye a ku America ku Botanical Garden a Nikitsky adakula zaka zoposa zana. Kutalika kwake kunali mamita 20, ndipo thunthu mu girth linafika theka la mita. Komabe, monga momwe tikudziwira, isanafike kumpoto kwa North Crimean Canal (1961-1971), peninsula ya Crimea inakumana ndi mavuto aakulu a madzi, kotero kuti chinyontho cha Nikita sichinali chokwanira ngakhale pecan yosagonjetsa chilala. Chotsatira chake, mtengo unamwalira mu 1935, ndipo sunafike msinkhu.
Kotero, chofunikira chachikulu cha ku hickory ya Illinois ndi nyengo yotentha ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Muzochitika izi, zokolola za pecan zimatha zaka mazana atatu.
Nutsamba zimayamba kucha m'mawa, ndipo zimapitirizabe kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi May mpaka chaka chamawa. Kuti uwonjezere chonde, ndibwino kudzala mitengo yambiri kuti iwapatse pollination. 
Karya ali wamaliseche
Uyu ndi nthumwi ina ya mtedza wa ku America, wotchedwanso nkhumba caria. Dziko lakwawo - mbali ya kummawa kwa Canada ndi United States, nyanja ya Atlantic. Korona yokhala ndi zokongoletsa kumapatsa mtengo wapadera, makamaka m'munsi. Kulimbana ndi chilala choposa chiwerengero cha hickory, kuphatikizapo, kumatha kukula pa dothi lochepa lachonde ngakhale mumthunzi. Kukhalanso kozizira kumakhalanso kochititsa chidwi: mtengo ukhoza kupulumuka kutentha kudumpha mpaka -34 ° C
Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo zakhala zikukula pa mafakitale. 
Muzikhala zabwino, mtengo ukhoza kufika mamita 40 mu msinkhu ndi mamita 1 mu girth ya thunthu. Makungwawo ndi amdima, ndi ming'alu yambiri. Nthambi ndizokongola, zokongola zofiirira. Chipinda cha pepala mkatimo chimakhalanso ndi nsalu ya brownish, panja ndi yobiriwira. Tsamba palokha ndi lalikulu (kuyambira 15 mpaka 18 cm m'litali ndi 3 mpaka 7 cm m'lifupi), ndi nsonga yoonda kwambiri. Zipatso zamtali zimadzafika masentimita 4.
Kariya oval kapena hickory shaggy
Mtsogoleri wa hickory amasankha gawo lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa dziko la North America. Kutalika sikusiyana ndi kumaliseche. Mtengo walandira dzina lake lachiwiri chifukwa cha makungwa amphamvu, omwe amamangirira mbali zonse pamtengo. Mtundu waukulu wa makungwawo ndi wofiirira, komabe mosiyana ndi mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa, yomwe ili ndi makungwa osasuntha, mumtundu uwu wa karya, makungwawo ali ndi mapiri ambiri. 
Oval (kapena ovoid) caria amatchulidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a korona wandiweyani. Mtundu umenewu umapanga sprig ya masamba 5, nthawizina pali 7 mwa iwo. Masamba aang'ono amakhala ndi kuwala, ndiye amatha. Mtedza ndi waukulu kwambiri, mpaka masentimita 6 6. Maonekedwe a chipatsocho ndi ozungulira, ophwanyika pang'ono pambali zonsezo, chipolopolocho ndi chofiirira, chofiira chofiirira.
Ndikofunikira! Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yambiri yowopsya, yomwe imasiyana pakati pawo, kuphatikizapo kukula kwa chipatsocho. Choncho, zipatso za Nuttalia ndi Carian phulusa-laaved ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa za Caria oval, koma zazikulu zazikulu zisanu ndi imodzi zimakula pa Caria Galezia. Koma chipatso chokoma kwambiri chiri ndi haibridi ya mchere wa Caria ndi Kariya wooneka ngati mtima.
Kuwombera kozizira kumathamanga kupitirira pecan, koma kutaya karii wamaliseche: mtengo uwu umatha kupirira chisanu chosachepera -25 ° C. Zofunika kuunikira zimakhalanso zapamwamba, makamaka ndi msinkhu. Poyerekeza ndi nthumwi yoyamba ya mtedza wa ku America, chifukwa cha mtundu umenewu, dothi likusowa kwambiri.
Komabe, anthu a ku America anayamba kudzala msipu wamphepete mwachangu pafupifupi zaka zana ndi theka m'mbuyomo kuposa wamaliseche. Pofuna kuswana, mbeu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mosiyana ndi zosafunika, zofunikiratu zofunikira, zomwe sizikusowa (ngakhale kuti kuyambitsirana kwake kumayesedwabe). 
Kariya woyera kapena Kariya anamva
Wina woimira hickory, woleredwa ndi Achimerika kuyambira pakati pa zaka za XVIII. Mtengo ndi waufupi kusiyana ndi mitundu yofotokozedwa pamwambapa, kutalika kwa msinkhu nthawi zambiri sikudutsa mamita 30. Pansi pa chilengedwe, amakula kumadera akumwera chakumadzulo kwa North America. Ili ndi makungwa amdima, omwe, monga mitundu ina ya caria, imachotsa pansi ndi kupachika pansi pa zigawo. Korona ndi yayikulu, mapiramidi, mawonekedwe.
Dzina loyamba limafotokozedwa ndi mtundu wa masamba, chachiwiri - mwa mapangidwe awo: tsamba la masamba ndi lofiira ndipo lili ndi pansi pa womverera, ofanana ndi omverera. Nthambi 5 zimapangidwa pa nthambi, nthawi zambiri masamba 7 mpaka 30 cm. Mbali yapansi ya mbaleyo ili ndi mdima wofiira kuposa wam'mwamba.
Mtedza ndi waukulu kwambiri, mpaka masentimita asanu ndi awiri, komanso shaggy hickory, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira omwe amawoneka bwino. Zipatso za mitundu iyi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwapamwamba ndi kukhudzidwa kwabwino kosangalatsa. 
Karya amamva kuti akhoza kuthana ndi kuziziritsa mpaka -30 ° C ndipo, mosiyana ndi pecan yowonongeka, imatha kukhala pansi pa zochitika zenizeni. Chifukwa cha kupirira kwake kwakukulu, kumakula ngakhale kumwera kumadera a Russia monga yokongoletsera chomera chomera. Ubwino winanso wa mitundu imeneyi ndikuti nthawi yayitali kuposa oimira ena a mtunduwo, amathira masamba, kwa nthawi yaitali akuwonjezera mitundu yodabwitsa ya golide ku malo osangalatsa a mzinda wa autumn.
Kariya Anamangidwanso kapena Amodzi Wodziwika
Dzina lina la American ichi likudziwika - Big higory hickory. Iye anasankha mbali ya kummawa kwa continent ya North America, ndipo amakonda kukula m'nkhalango, zosakaniza ndi coniferous-deciduous, pafupi ndi madzi.
Mogwirizana ndi limodzi la mayina, mtengo ndi waukulu kwambiri. Thunthu la munthu wokalamba wamtundu wa girth akhoza kufika mamita, ndi kutalika kwa korona - kufika mamita 40. Makungwawo ali ndi mtundu wofiira. Kuphulika ponseponse, kumapachika pamtengo wake ndi mphala wautali, motero mtengo umatchedwa fringed.
Masamba a mitundu iyi ndi akuluakulu kuposa a abale ake; nthambi imodzi ikhoza kukhala ya mamita mita m'litali, masamba asanu ndi awiri kapena asanu ndi awiri a masentimita makumi awiri ndi limodzi. Mtengowo umapeza "mpweya" wongowonjezera osati kokha chifukwa cha zikopa za makungwawo, komanso chifukwa cha petiole, yomwe imakhalabe pamtengo mutatha masamba 
Zipatso za Big Shaggy Gikari zimagwirizana ndi dzina. Wamphamvu ndi wamkulu, mpaka 6 masentimita, ali ndi kukoma kokoma kwambiri, chifukwa adatchulidwa kuti "mtedza wa mfumu".
Achimereka akhala akuswana mtundu uwu wa caria osati kale kwambiri monga achibale ena, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Chomeracho chimafuna kwambiri chinyezi, koma chimatha kusintha mofanana ndi nyengo za ku Ulaya, kotero izo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pompano m'dzikoli.
Zipatso
Chinthu chachikulu cha mtedza wa hickory ndi chipolopolo chawo chovuta.
Mukudziwa? Amwenye a ku America amatchedwa pecans mtedza wonse umene sungathe kugawanika kusiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ngati miyala.
Izi ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti, mosiyana ndi Amwenye, anthu a ku Ulaya sanadziwebe chizoloŵezi chogwiritsa ntchito mtedza wa hickory chakudya. Choyamba, izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti caria mwiniyo sumabala zipatso bwino m'dera lathu, ndipo imayamba kuyamba kukolola kotchuka kale kuposa chaka cha 15 cha moyo. 
Pachifukwachi, mtedza umakula kwambiri kuti ukhale wokongoletsera, ndipo ntchito yowongoka kuti ukhale ndi zipatso zabwino sizimachitika.
Mbali yaikulu ya hickory, yomwe imayimilidwa pamsika, ndizokolola zomwe amasonkhanitsidwa ndi amisiri kuchokera ku mitengo yobiriwira, nthawi zambiri wogulitsa sangathe kufotokoza ndondomeko ya nati yomwe amagulitsa, ndipo wogula amamvetsa funsoli mochepa. Ngati tikulankhula za mdziko lonse lapansi, mpaka lero makonde a 4/5 amakololedwa ku United States.
Ndikofunikira! Si zipatso zonse za caria zomwe zimadya kwambiri. Mitedza yabwino kwambiri ya mtedza imakhala yabwino kwambiri. Zipatso za Kariya zimamva, zowona, kumpoto-Caroline, ndi zotumbululuka. Koma, mwachitsanzo, nkhono zosazinga sizothandiza kwambiri monga zokoma - zimakhala zowawa komanso zopanda pake.
Zipatso zamakono zimayang'ana zofanana ndi zomwe timakonda ku walnuts. Amagwiranso ntchito zina zinayi (monga lamulo), malingana ndi msinkhu, zobiriwira, zofiira kapena zofiira khungu komanso pamwamba pamtunda.
Kulemera kwake kwa khungu la nkhuku, mosiyana ndi malingaliro a Amwenye, sikuti nthawi zonse kuli kobiri: mu mitundu ina, iyo siidapitilira 2 mm, koma mwa ena, ndithudi, ili pafupifupi mamita awiri. Kukula kwa njere kungakhalenso kosiyana: kuchokera ku 1.5 masentimita (monga hazelnut) mpaka 6.5 cm (ngati mtedza waukulu). 
Anthu a ku America amasangalala kudya zipatso za mtundu wina wa hickory, ndipo mafuta a mchere omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo amakhala odzaza mafuta. Kukoma kwa mtedzawu kumaphatikizidwa bwino ndi mpunga, nsomba ndi bowa.
Zipatso za Kariya zili ndi makilogalamu ambiri (691 kcal pa 100 g), koma zili ndi mavitamini ambiri ndi ma microelements: beta-carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folic acid ndi ascorbic acid, tocopherol, phylloquinone, choline, ndi komanso potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, sodium ndi phosphorous, ali, ngakhale ang'onoang'ono, chitsulo, manganese, mkuwa, selenium, zinki ndi fluorine. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mtedzawu uli ndi mafuta, mafuta, ma phytosterols.
N'zachidziwikire kuti mankhwala amenewa ali ndi katundu wothandiza kwambiri. Amapanga choletsa chochotsera antioxidant, kuchotsa cholesterol "choipa" kuchokera mthupi, kusintha mitsempha ya mtima.
Mtedza - chigawo chofunikira cha zakudya zonse zoyenera komanso zathanzi. Pezani zomwe zili zothandiza: walnuts kwa abambo ndi amai, mtedza wa Brazil, mtedza wa Manchurian, mtedza wa pine, nkhono, nkhiti, amondi, nkhanu, pistachios, mtedza wakuda, mtedza wa macadamia ndi mtedza.
Chovuta chachikulu cha mtedza wa hickory ndi mkulu allergenicity. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha zinthu zamtundu wa caloric komanso chiwerengero chachikulu cha zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazirombozi sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito molakwa: kugwiritsa ntchito zoposa 100 g panthawi kungayambitse matenda aakulu.
Wood
Mitengo ya Caria imayamikira, mwinamwake, yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zipatso zake.
Mitengo yodula mitengo imakhala yosiyana kwambiri (yomwe sizodabwitsa, kupatsidwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya caria), ngakhale kutali ndi dziko la America mungathe kupeza mitundu iwiri yokha - yoyera kapena yofiira). Nthawi zonse zimasiyana ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale ogonjetsa oyamba a ku West West anazindikira kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa mtedza wa ku America ndipo anayamba kupanga magudumu kuchokera kwa iwo kuti ayende magaleta awo. Chochititsa chidwi, ndege yoyamba padziko lapansi, malinga ndi zina, inamangidwanso kuchokera ku caria, ngakhale, malinga ndi zina, abale a Wright adagwiritsabe ntchito spruce m'zinthu zawo.
Mwachizindikiro ichi, mtengo umaposa mtengo wa phulusa wokondedwa ndi opanga ambiri. Kariya ndi wovuta komanso wolemetsa, komabe amalekerera penti bwino.
Mbali zolakwika za nkhaniyi zimaphatikizapo kumangiriza kosavuta, komanso kuvutika kukonza. Kuonjezera apo, nkhuni imadwala kwambiri. Koma kukongoletsa processing caria - zosangalatsa. Ndizopukutidwa bwino kwambiri komanso zojambula bwino kwambiri, kuphatikizapo, zingathe kukhala zopanda mantha popanda mantha. 
Chifukwa cha izi, mtedza wa ku America umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipando, mapepala, zitseko, masitepe ndi masitepe. Pakati pa ntchito zing'onozing'ono, mfundozi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zida zosiyanasiyana, zipangizo zamaseŵera ngakhale ... zovuta. Mitengo imeneyi imapezeka nthawi zonse, ndipo mitengo yake ndi yokwera mtengo.
Tiyenera kudziŵa kuti kukongola kwakukulu kwa hickory kwakhala kotchulidwa ndi ophika m'mayiko onse: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito utuchi ndi makedza a ku America pamene amapanga mbale pa zakudya, nsomba ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimakhala fungo lapadera.
Mukudziwa? Theka la magawo awiri ndi theka la nkhuni zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku United States of America ndi hazelnut.
Mtedza wa ku America suli wochuluka ku Ulaya, ngakhale kuti mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo izi zakula bwino pa mbali ina ya izo.
Sitikudziwa kuti posachedwa tiyenera kuyembekezera kuti mtedza wa nkhwangwa udzakakamiza achibale awo ku matebulo athu, pali zifukwa zomveka za izi.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
Koma zokongoletsera za mmera ndi ubwino wa nkhuni zimayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri kuchokera kwa akatswiri onse okonza mapangidwe a malo ndi antchito ogwira ntchito zamatabwa.
