Catalpa ndi mtengo wokongola modabwitsa. Masamba akuluakulu obiriwira obiriwira, ofanana ndi mitima, amapanga utoto wowala. Mitundu ya mbewu ndi ya banja la a Bignonium. Mwachilengedwe, imakula mu kukula kwa North America, China ndi Japan. M'chilimwe, korona wokongola amaphatikizidwa ndi inflorescence yoyera ya pinki yoyera ndi fungo lokoma. Amphaka akhala akukulira m'mapaki kwa zaka makumi angapo, ndipo nthawi zina m'malo owerengera ngati zokongoletsera zokongola. Pansi pa masamba awo obiriwira ndizotheka kupuma ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yopulumuka dzuwa lowala. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, nthawi zina mphaka imatchedwa "makutu a njovu" kapena "mtengo wa pasitala."
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Catalpa ndi mtengo wosasintha ndipo nthawi zina umakhala wobiriwira. Pachikhalidwe, kutalika kwake ndi 5-6 m, ngakhale mitengo yakale imakhalapo mpaka 35. Mtengowo umamera pamtengo umodzi ndipo umasiyanitsidwa ndi korona wakuda kapena wowala. Kutumphuka kwamtundu wakuda kumakhala ndi zigawo zoonda.
Masamba a Catalpa ndi okongoletsa kwambiri. Makulu akulu, osalala masamba mpaka 25 cm amatenthedwa wobiriwira wowala. Zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ndi masamba owoneka ndi mtima kapena masamba ambiri. Nyengo yonseyi, masamba ake amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira ndipo amayamba kugwa popanda chikasu.
Ali ndi zaka 5 mpaka 10, mitengo imayamba kuphuka. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi Juni. Kumalekezero a machitidwe ofananira nawo, multiflowered panicrate inflorescence ndi yoyera kapena kirimu tubular maluwa pachimake. Ma corollas okhala ndi milomo iwiri amadulidwa m'mphepete mwa miyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi mawonekedwe. Mwapangidwe, maluwa a catalpa amafanana kwambiri ndi mgoza, koma amakula kwambiri. Pafupifupi pakatikati pali madontho ofiira kapena ofiirira ndi mikwaso yachikaso.
Pambuyo pakuvunda, nyemba zazitali zopyapyala zozungulira zamtanda zimacha. Kukula kwawo kumafikira 40 cm ndi makulidwe osaposa masentimita 1. Zipatso zimapachika pamiyendo yosinthika, ngati ma icicles obiriwira. M'dzinja lakumapeto, amada, koma amakhalabe atapendekeka mpaka masika. Mkatikati mwa nyembazo mumakhala mbewu, nyemba ngati nyemba.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yokongoletsera
Mtundu wa catalpa umayimiriridwa ndi mitundu khumi ndi imodzi ya mitundu, mwa mitundu inayi yomwe imalimidwa ku Russia.
Catalpa bignoniform. Chomera chokhala ngati mita 10 kutalika chimamera nthambi zoyala. Mfuti zimapanga korona wa asymmetric. Kutalika kwa masamba owoneka ndi mtima pafupifupi 20 cm, amawapaka utoto wonyezimira, koma pang'onopang'ono amakhala obiriwira owala. Mu June, inflorescence imachita maluwa oyera kapena achikasu, maluwa okutidwa ndi rasipiberi. Kutalika kwa corolla kumafika masentimita 30. Mu Ogasiti, zipatso zamtundu wa magawo mpaka 40 cm zimawonekera, zomwe mu Seputembala zimasanduka zofiirira. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Aurea - masamba agolide owoneka ndi mtima ali ndi mawonekedwe velvety;
- Nana - mtengo wosaposa 4-6 mamita kutalika kwake umasiyanitsidwa ndi korona wowala, wowonekera, mulibe maluwa;
- Kene ndi tsamba lalikulu, lopangidwa ndi mtima wokhala ndi makaso achikasu ndi malo oyera obiriwira.
Catalpa ndi zokongola. Mtengo wokhala ndi korona yotakata ya piramidi imakula mpaka mamita 30. Umaphimbidwa ndi masamba obiriwira owoneka ngati mazira. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamasamba kumafika 30 cm ndi mulifupi masentimita 15. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, maluwa onunkhira onunkhira amatulutsa kutalika kwa 7 cm.
Catalpa ozungulira. Thunthu la mtunduwu limakutidwa ndi khungwa lowala la bulauni. Pamwamba pake imakweza korona ngati mpira wobiriwira wobiriwira. Pamaso pa masamba akulu akulu obiriwira osalala, kumbuyo kwake kuli mulu wachidule. Mu June, maluwa oyera amatulutsa 5 cm kutalika.
Catalpa ndiwokongola. Mtunduwu umagwirizana bwino kwambiri ndi chisanu choopsa. Ndi mtengo wokongoletsa womwe umakula mpaka mamita 35. Thupi lamphamvu lowongoka lamaliralo limakutidwa ndi makungwa a lamellar, ndipo masamba akuluakulu obiriwira amtali amatalika mpaka 30 cm.Mtambo uliwonse umalumikizidwa ku nthambi ndi petiole yayitali. Maluwa amayamba ali ndi zaka khumi. Mtengowu umaphukira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe kuunika kirimu tubular maluwa. Patatha mwezi umodzi, adakongoletsedwa ndi maudzu aatali.
Njira zolerera
Catalpa imafalikira mwa mbewu ndi njira zaudzu. Njira iliyonse imapereka zotsatira zabwino, kotero kuti wamaluwa amapanga kusankha kwawo kutengera kuthekera kwawo komanso zomwe amakonda. Zipatso zakupsa zimadulidwa, kuzichotsa, ndikusunga mu chikwama cha pepala kwa zaka zitatu. Mukamaweta nthanga za catalpa konzekerani muli ndi dothi lotayirira. Pakumapeto kwa dzinja, njere zimanyowa usiku wonse m'madzi oyera, otentha. Pambuyo pake, adakwiriridwa pansi ndi 5-10 mm. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi chivindikiro chowonekera ndikusamutsidwa kuchipinda choyatsidwa bwino ndi kutentha kwa + 15 ... + 25 ° C. Ventilate ndi kuthirira mbewuzo pafupipafupi.
Kuwombera sikuwoneka ochezeka pambuyo pa masabata 3-4. Pambuyo pake, chivundikirocho chimachotsedwa. Mbande zimapitilizabe kutentha. Chapakatikati, patatha sabata yowumitsa, maola angapo patsiku, mbewu zimasungidwa panja.
Mu Julayi-Ogasiti, kudula kwakutalika masentimita 10 kudula kuchokera ku mphukira zazing'ono. Amasungidwa mumsewu, pamalo otetezedwa ku zojambula ndi mpweya. Masabata atatu oyamba amaphimba mabulangete ndi mabotolo apulasitiki. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, kudula kumazika mizu, koma nthawi yachisanu kumakhalabe kofooka. Amasiyidwa m'chipinda momwe mulibe kutentha. M'dzinja, mbande zimatsika masamba, izi ndizabwinobwino. Chapakatikati, masamba atsopano adzawoneka. Pakati pa masika, mbewu zibzalidwe panthaka.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Kwa mbande za catalpa, madera okhala ndi kuunikira kwabwino komanso kutetezedwa ku zojambula zoyenerera. Mtengowu umatha kumeranso pang'ono. Zomera zimabzalidwa payekhapayekha kapena pagulu mu mawonekedwe a alley. Pa mmera uliwonse, ikani dzenje pakuya kwa mizu (70-120 cm). Pansi, kutsanulira masentimita 15 mpaka 20 a ngalande. Catalpa imabzalidwa kuti mtanda wokumbidwira umakwezedwa pang'ono pamwamba. Dothi likamapangidwa, mbewuyo imakhazikika ndipo kolala ya mizu imakhala pansi. Mtunda pakati pa mitengo uyenera kukhala wosachepera 3 m.
Catalpa imakonda dothi lachonde ndi mpweya wabwino. Amakumba dothi lolemera, losauka asanadzalemo ndi miyala komanso manyowa. Ndikofunika kupewa malo okhala ndi pansi panthaka. Acidity ya nthaka sayenera kulowerera kapena pang'ono acidic. Kubzala ndi kumuyika mwana wa mphaka wachinyamata kumachitika m'chigawo choyamba cha masika. Pamaso pa njirayi, mbewuzo zimathiriridwa bwino, ndipo mutangobzala, bwalo la tsinde limakhazikika ndi peat.
Ngati malowa asankhidwa molondola komanso momwe malo akukhaliramo akukwaniritsidwa, sizovuta kuti asamalire mphaka. Imafunika kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Pakalibe mvula yachilengedwe, mabatani 2 amadzi amathiridwa pansi pamzu sabata iliyonse. Pafupifupi kamodzi pamwezi, dothi limamasulidwa ndipo udzu umachotsedwa.
Kumayambiriro kasupe, komanso nthawi 1-2 nthawi yachilimwe, mitengo imaphatikizidwa ndi yankho la manyowa owola, kompositi ndi superphosphate. Mavalidwe apamwamba amasinthidwa ndikusankhidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe ka nthaka.
Mitengo ya achikulire nthawi zambiri imakhala yozizira nyengo yotentha, koma mbande zazing'ono zimafunikira malo ogona ena. Korona wokutidwa ndi burlap, ndipo thunthu ndi dothi pamizu yokutira ndi masamba agwa ndi nthambi zokhala ndi spruce. Chapakatikati, pogona chimachotsedwa. Ngati nthambi zachisanu zapezeka, kudulira kumachitika. Lisanayambe nyengo yokhula, mutha kuchita nawo korona. Musafupikitsire nthambi zochulukirapo ndikukulimbikitsani kukula. Ngati masamba alibe kuwala komanso malo opanda ufulu, ayamba kuzimiririka kapena kukulira. Zotsatira zake, catalpa imataya zokongoletsera zake.
Chomera chimagwira chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda ndipo chimagwira kugonjetsedwa ndi majeremusi. Kuti mafangayi asakhazikike pamtengo, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kayendetsedwe ka madzi ndikuthana ndi kunyowa. Nthawi zina mbewu za phulusa zimakhazikika pamtengowo. Imadyera mabowo mumasamba ndipo imathandizira kuti mapindikidwe awonongeke. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timathandizira pakhungu.
Catalpa m'munda
Maonekedwe achilendo ndi masamba akulu a catalpa, ndipo kumapeto kwa chilimwe - zipatso zazitali zobiriwira - zimakopa chidwi chochuluka. Maonedwe a mabanja ndi odutsapo nthawi zambiri amakhala pamwala wake wowala wobiriwira. Mitengo yayikulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo amodzi payokha, ndipo mitundu yotsika mtengo imakhala yabwino m'mabungwe kuti mufole njira kapena pa mpanda. Mizu ya Catalpa imalimbitsa malo otsetsereka, kotero mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana malo otsetsereka a nyanja ndi matupi ang'onoang'ono opanda madzi.
Nthawi yamaluwa, mphaka ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri ya uchi, ndipo masamba ake amapanga zinthu zina zapadera zomwe zimabweza udzudzu. Chifukwa chake, kupumula pansi pa mtengo madzulo kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri.
