Kolumneya - chisamaliro chakunyumba ndi kulima

Kolumney ndi nthumwi ya mtundu wa Gesnerievs, womwe uli ndi mitundu yopitilira 190 ya mbewu. Adabwera kuchokera ku USA yotentha, komwe adakulira mitengo ikuluikulu ndi mitengo.

Duwa la Columnia: chisamaliro chakunyumba

Maluwa mu chomera chimachitika nthawi yozizira kapena koyambirira kwamasika, kutengera nthawi yachilimwe pachaka ku Southern Hemisphere.

Kufotokozera Kwambiri

Kolumneya ndi maluwa amene ali nthumwi yopanda zipatso za herbaceous ochokera ku mtundu wa Gesneriaceae. Zofunikira kusiyanitsa zimayimiriridwa ndi maluwa amitundu yowala ndi ma drooping stems. Mitengo yakugwa ingathe kufikira 10cm, yosalimba kukhudza, ngakhale imawoneka bwino.

Maonekedwe a Shida

Masamba amaloledwa pamwamba ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owumbika kapena owoneka ndi mtima wokhala ndi gloss. Masamba amatha kukula kuchoka pa 4 mpaka 10 cm, maluwa amapanga maziko awo ndipo ali pafupi kwambiri ndi tsinde. Maluwa amabwera achikaso, lalanje ndi pinki.

Kutentha ndi kuyatsa

Ndi chomera cha thermophilic komanso chithunzi. Kuwala kumafunikira kwakukulu ndipo kuyenera kukhala kofewa komanso kosakanikirana. Zomera siziyenera kuikidwa pamalo otseguka mumsewu, monga chithunzi sazindikira molunjika dzuwa komanso kukonzekera.

Kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa kuyambira 24 ° C mpaka 27 ° C. Ngati mpweya ndi wonyowa, mutha kukwera pang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, chitsamba chimakhala chozizira pa kutentha kwapakati pa 17 ° C. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maluwa atsopano.

Onani zamanyazi

Kutsirira Column ndi Chinyezi

Kolumney ndi mlendo wochokera kumalo otentha omwe amakonda mpweya wofunda. Ngati masamba asintha, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika, ndipo pomwe ma villi ali paiwo, ndibwino kuchita ndi chifunga chamadzi.

Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi othirira pamaofesi osachepera 20 ° С. Asanakhale kuthirira, ayenera kusefedwa, chifukwa colia imakumana bwino ndi laimu ndipo imatha kufa. Mbewuyi ikakula kwambiri, imagwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri. M'chilimwe amakonza kuthirira kambiri, nthawi yozizira - yolimbitsa.

Nthaka ndi feteleza zofunika

Chomera chimakonda gawo lapansi lokhala ndi michere yambiri. Ogulitsa m'masitolo apadera ali kale okonzeka kale ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Itha kusakanizikanso ndi makala, phulusa ndi tinthu tosiyanasiyana ta moss.

Munthawi yotentha, kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi 1 m'masiku 12-15. Amayankha bwino kwambiri pakapangidwe kamadzimadzi. Nthawi yamaluwa, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa. Munthawi yozizira, kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kuchitika pafupipafupi - kamodzi pa masabata anayi.

Kufalikira ndi kudula

Kuchulukitsa kudzera muudulidwe ndi njira yodziwikiratu nyengo iliyonse. Kuchokera panthambi zazikulu, kudula masentimita 7-10 ndi masamba angapo ndikuyika madzi oyimilira. Mutha kubzala mwachangu mu gawo lapansi ndi madzi ngati kuli kofunikira.

Onani za Krakatau

Mapangidwe azomera

Kukula kwa mbewuyo kumakhala kwakukulu. M'chaka choyamba, kukula kwa mphukira kumakhala mpaka masentimita 50. Mukakulitsa, zimayambira zimawululidwa, nthawi zambiri izi zimabweretsa zolakwika mukachoka.

Pofuna kutulutsa maluwa mtsogolo, kudulira ndikofunikira chaka chilichonse (maluwa akamalira). Zigawo za mphukizo zimadulidwa, ndipo zina mwa izo zimazika mizu kuti tipeze tchire zatsopano za kholalo.

Chifukwa chiyani sichimera

Kolumney ndi mlendo wochokera kumalo otentha, chifukwa chake amamva kwambiri kusiyana kwa kutentha m'chipindacho komanso kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Ngati boma silitsatiridwa, limaleka kutulutsa maluwa, masamba amatha kufota ndikusintha chikasu, ndipo chinyezi chikakhala chosakwanira, mbewuyo imatha kufa.

Kuthilira ndi kuthirira sikulinso koyenera, mizu imatha kuyamba kuvunda chifukwa chazinyowa, chomera chimafa.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Tizilombo ndi matenda sizikuwopseza mtunduwu, koma zimatha kukhala zosavuta kuwoneka:

• nsabwe za m'masamba;
• wonyoza;
• nkhupakupa;
• kuponya.

Ngati kuthirira kumagwira ntchito kwambiri pa mphukira ndi mizu, kuola imvi kumayamba. Ngati malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo kakang'ono, idulani mphukira ndikusunthira mzere, ndikuwachitira ndi fungicide. Ngati mbewu zambiri zakhudzidwa, ndiye kuti odulidwa athanzi amadulidwa, ndipo duwa lodwalalo limawonongedwa.

Kukula zovuta

Kusamalira kunyumba sikovuta nthawi zonse. Ngati sikungatheke kukhalabe kutentha pang'ono komanso kuwala m'chipindacho, mavuto pokula chomera atha kuchitika.

Onani Carnival

Zotsatira za zolakwa zomwe zidachitika mukamasamalira chomera

Kusamalira kosakwanira kwa kolamu kumatha kuvulaza.

Zolakwika zazikulu ndi kukonza kwawo:

• mawonekedwe a bulauni pamasamba amatanthauza kuti madzi ozizira kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira. Kutentha kwenikweni kwa kuthirira ndi 19-20 ° C;
• kuvunda pamizu, kuoneka kwa bowa ndi kuthirira kwambiri. Zilombo zodwala zimachotsedwa ndikuziika kumalo ena;
• kuwoneka kwa fumbi lothira kumaonetsa malo okhala chinyezi kwambiri. Chotsani madera omwe ali ndi matenda pachomera, gwiritsani ntchito fungosis ndikuchepetsa chinyezi chonse;
• Masamba amakhala oderera komanso otumbululuka - izi ndi zotsatira za kuwunika mwachindunji. Sinthani mbewuyo m'nyumba ndi chowala;
• Masamba amagwa ndikuuma - chizindikiro kuti mbewuyo ilibe chinyezi chokwanira moyo. Kuchita zochulukira pafupipafupi;
• kuoneka kwa tsamba pakati pa masamba kumatanthauza kupatsirana ndi kangaude. Patulani chomera ndi mankhwala apadera. Popewa, salola kuti ziume kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amapopera mankhwala. Nkhupakupa sindimakonda malo owuma.

Kodi nthawi yopuma ndiyofunikira kwambiri?

Nthawi yotsala ndi gawo limodzi lofunikira kwambiri muzomera. Maluwa atatsirizika (m'dzinja), masamba amayikidwa nyengo yotsatira. Nthawi imeneyi, khazikitsani kutentha m'chipindacho pafupifupi 10-12 ° C. Pambuyo pa masiku 40-50, masamba ayamba kuwoneka, kenako mbewuyo imasunthidwa kupita kumalo otentha kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa 17-19 ° C.

Mitundu yotchuka

Mitundu yotsatira ya maluwa ndiyotchuka kwambiri ku Russia:

Columnae Carnival

Ndizomera lomwe limakhala ndi masamba owala amitundu yobiriwira.

Kolumneya Krakatau

Ili limatchedwa dzina lofanana ndi volcano. Uku ndi mtundu wa Kolumney wokulirapo, yemwe mphukira zake zimakwezedwa pansi. Ili ndi masamba ambiri owonda amtali wamdima wakuda. Maluwawa amakhala autali pakati pabiri ndi lalanje.

Kolumney Sheydiana

Mtunduwu ndi wobadwira ku Mexico, woimira chitsamba chamadzi chokhala ndi nthambi zokulira. Masamba ataliatali atali ndi pubescence, okhala ndi mbali yoyera, ofiira mkati. Columnae Schiedeana ali ndi maluwa akuluakulu, bushy. Mtunduwu ndiwosangalatsa (pali zotupa pa chikondwerero chachikaso).

Maonekedwe a Argut

Kolumney Argut

Mtundu wamakhola womwe umachokera ku Panama, uli ndi mphukira mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka ndi mipesa yayikulu yokhala ndi zipatso zambiri. Masamba ndi owala, akuthwa mpaka kumapeto. Maluwa amapangidwa ndi magulu a sinuses masamba. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi ofiira-lalanje ndi mawanga achikasu pamabala.

Kolumney Shida

Chomera chofewa chomwe chimasinthasintha komanso kufooka kwa khungu. Pansanja yamasamba masamba ofiira. Mpesa umafika mpaka 1.5 m, ndipo kukula kwa masamba mpaka masentimita 10. Maluwa amtundu wachikaso okhala ndi mawanga a bulauni amakula kutalika konse.

Ngati kubzala kumachitika moyenera komanso kusamalidwa bwino, chaka chilichonse kumasangalala ndi maluwa ambiri. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuwona kutentha kwa boma, kukhalabe ndi chinyezi komanso kuyeretsa kuchokera kumizu yakale.