Kawirikawiri, pakukula mbewu za m'munda kuti ziwateteze ku mphepo ndi zina zoipa, zimakhala ndi zipangizo zapadera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zokolola zifulumire. Pachifukwa ichi, malo abwino kwambiri ndi wowonjezera kutentha, zomwe zimadalira kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa.
Njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yosakwera mtengo ndikumanga wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera ku filimuyo, koma ndi zomwe zidzakhale, kawirikawiri polyethylene kapena kulimbikitsidwa, ziri kwa iwe. Ngati ambiri a m'nyengo ya chilimwe amadziwa kale zinthu zoyamba, anthu ochepa sakudziwa za zinthu zomwe zimapangidwanso, zomwe zimatanthawuza kuti momwe mungamangire wowonjezera kutentha kwa polyethylene kumathandiza kwambiri.
Mafilimu otsitsimutsidwa: kufotokozera, mitundu ndi katundu
Mafilimu otonthozedwa - Ndizitsulo zitatu zokhala ndi mphamvu zamphamvu komanso kusakanikirana. Zingwe ziwiri zakunja zimapangidwa ndi filimu yowonongeka, ndipo mkati mwake imapangidwa ndi matope olemera ndi 0.29-0.32 mm (kukula kwa maselo a filimuyi ndi 1 cm).
Chifukwa cha makonzedwe ake, filimu yotere ya greenhouses ndi yochuluka komanso yotsimikizika, popeza chimango chokhazikika chimatenga mtolowo. Zina mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za zochokera kuchuluka kwake, zinthu za chimango, kutalika ndi m'lifupi la nsalu ndi dziko lochokera. Mtengo wotsiriza wa wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera ku filimu yowonjezeredwa idzadalira zidazi.
Ndikofunikira! Malo oterewa sungakhoze kuchotsedwa pa chimango cha wowonjezera kutentha, ngati inu mukukhala kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira ndi nyengo yotentha.Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha filimu yowonjezeredwa ndi kuchuluka kwake. Zida zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, pomwe zosowa za ulimi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndipo filimuyo ili ndi mtengo wochepa, koma chizindikiro chokhalitsa.
Mwachitsanzo, pomanga nyumba zobiriwira ndi greenhouses zakuthupi za 120-200 g / mamita ndi zangwiro. Mtundu wa pogona ukhoza kukhala woyera kapena wowonekera, popeza kutumiza kwawunikira kumakhudza kwambiri kuunikira, motero kukula kwa zomera.
Mafilimu otonthozedwa ali ndi makhalidwe awa:
- mosavuta kupirira kutentha kuchokera ku +50 ° C mpaka +90 ° C;
- ali ndi kutuluka kochepa kwa pafupifupi 80% (chizindikiro china chimadalira mtundu wa filimu);
- Amadziwika ndi kuwonjezereka kutsutsana ndi zisonkhezero zakunja, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro zamakono za polyethylene, makulidwe a ulusi wowonjezera ndi kukula kwa maselo.
Komabe, katundu wa filimu yowonjezera kutentha imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zowonjezera zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Mitundu yazinthu zoperekedwa kumsika wamakono zimadalira pa iwo. Izi zikuphatikizapo: mafelemu opangidwa ndi polypropylene fibers, fiberglass filaments, polyethylene yokhazikika.Komanso filimu yowonjezera ikhoza kukhala ndi zida zina:
- Polyamide - imatulutsa kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndikusungira kutentha mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha, koma imatuluka ndikutuluka kuchokera ku chinyezi chokwanira komanso madzi owonjezera. Kwa nyengo yozizira, malo oterowo amachotsedwa.
- Ndi maselo osanjikiza omwe amadzaza ndi mphepo. Malo ogulitsira magetsi ochokera ku filimu yowonjezeredwa ya mtundu uwu ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwapadera, makamaka popeza zinthuzo zimapangidwa ndi multilayer, ndi zina zowonongeka. Choncho, mphamvu yotentha ya thermos imalengedwa ndipo mphamvu ya chilengedwe chonse imakula. Pakuti m'nyengo yozizira simungathe kuzichotsa, ndipo zikhoza kukhala zaka zitatu.
- Copolymer inalimbikitsa filimu yomwe imadziwika ndi mphamvu zamphamvu ndipo imatulutsa kuwala kwa 90%. Kwa nyengo yozizira, simungathe kuichotsa, ndipo moyo wawo wautumiki ndi zaka 6. Kupatsa misa kwa njirayi kumatsutsidwa ndi mtengo wake wapamwamba.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito filimu yolimbikitsidwa mu ulimi
Mu ulimi, filimu yowonjezereka imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga malo obiriwira ndi zobiriwira, ngakhale nthawi zina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa mavuto ena. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo ogwirira ntchito yokolola kapena popanga malo opangira. 
Pankhani ya greenhouses ndi greenhouses, kwa iwo opanga anabwera ndi wapadera "kupuma" wowonjezera kutentha yamphamvu filimu, amene ali micoscopic mabowo mu maselo. Amalola mpweya ndi chinyontho kulowa m'chipinda. Kuonjezerapo, ngati muli ndi wowonjezera kutentha, koma mukufuna kuikapo bwino, ndiye kuti chivundikiro cha wowonjezera kutentha chomwe chimapangidwa ndi filimu yotsitsimula chidzakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutoli.
Zinthu zoterezi zingathenso kutetezera chipinda cha nyumbayo kuti chisatengeke ndi mphepo, mvula komanso nyengo zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kukhale m'zipinda.
Komabe, izi siziri zonse, chifukwa zakuthupi zamtunduwu ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi ndi bizinesi iliyonse yomwe muyenera kuziphimba kapena kunyamula zokolola kapena zipangizo zaulimi.
Malamulo oyambirira a kusankha mafilimu a greenhouses
M'msika wamakono mudzapeza zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kwa ojambula osiyanasiyana omwe amapanga filimu yowonjezera pansi pa zosiyana. Chogulitsidwa chilichonse chikhoza kusiyana ndi zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi zizindikiro, kotero, kuti asasokoneze ndi kupeza zenizeni zapamwamba zogwiritsa ntchito, wogula ayenera kulingalira zizindikiro zotsatirazi: mphamvu ya nkhaniyo, mphamvu yake yofalitsira kuwala, kukana kuwonongeka, ndi, ndithudi, mtengo.
Pogwiritsa ntchito filimu yowonjezeredwa yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo obiriwira, mudzapeza pamsika wogulitsa zinthu za ku Russia, Danish komanso ngakhale Korea, ngakhale kuti zotsirizazo zimakhala zofunikira popanga polyethylene. Zowonjezera zowonjezera zikhoza kukhala kuchokera mamita awiri mpaka 6, ndipo kutalika kungakhale kosiyana mkati mwa mamita 15-20. Moyo wa mafilimu pafupifupi mafilimu onsewa umatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Kusankha chinthu chinachake, makamaka, kumadalira zofuna zanu komanso mwayi wopezera ndalama, koma ndikuyenera kuzindikira kuti ngati mukufuna "kupuma," muyenera kuganizira zinthu za Danish.
Ndikofunikira! Pali mndandanda wonse wa magawo ena omwe ali osiyana ndi mafilimu ambirimbiri omwe amawonekera pa greenhouses ndi greenhouses. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu monga antistatics, zizindikiro ndi zofukula zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera microclimate yapadera kapena ntchito yabwino.Posankha filimu yowonjezeredwa, nkofunika kuganizira mtundu wake. Kotero, filimu yoyera yoyera kapena chowonetseratu chosaoneka bwino ndi chothandizira kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha, chifukwa zimalola kuti dzuwa lithe. Mtundu wobiriwira wa zinthuzo umaloledwa, koma pano mtundu wobiriwira wowonjezera kutentha umasonyeza kuti umapangidwa ndi zipangizo zochepa. Kugwiritsa ntchito filimu ya buluu imaloledwa pokhapokha ngati kuchuluka kwake kuliposa 250 g / sq. M, ngakhale mankhwalawa atengedwa kale ngati zinthu zomangamanga ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito potiza madzi komanso zosowa zina.
Nthaŵi zina, muyenera kumvetsera filimu yopuma, yomwe imathandiza makamaka zomera ku greenhouses. Ndi chithandizo chake, mpweya wokwanira udzaperekedwa kwa mbewu zomwe zimalima, ndipo zidzatetezedwa ku kutenthedwa.
Ndi bwino kupatsa malo ogona ndi zowonjezereka, zomwe moyo wake umakula ndi zaka 2-3.
Ndiponso, ngati n'kotheka, perekani zokonda filimuyi, yowonjezeredwa ndi mphete zapadera. Zidzakhala zosavuta kuika chivundikiro chotenthachi, komanso kuthetsa kutheka kwa mafilimu panthawi ya kuika. Malingana ndi kukula kwa wowonjezera kutentha kapena kukula kwa wowonjezera kutentha, n'zotheka kupanga zowerengera zina ndikusankha pansi molingana ndi mtengo wofunikira. Masiku ano, zipangizo zambiri zosiyana siyana zimapangidwa, kotero zidzakhala zosavuta kupeza njira yabwino.
Kuyika kwa kulimbitsa kowonjezera kutentha filimu: momwe mungaphimbe wowonjezera kutentha ndi wowonjezera kutentha
Kuika chophimba chophimbidwa bwino sikuli kosiyana ndi kuphimba chimango (kapena pansi pomwepo) ndi filimu yowonjezera kutentha. Amatambasuliranso pa chimango ndipo amakhala ndi misomali kapena mabakiteriya apadera, ndipo makamaka malo osangalatsa a chilimwe amatha kukonza filimuyo ndi zida. Kuonjezera apo, mankhwala ambiri a ku Denmark ali ndi zida zapadera za mphira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti athe kukhazikitsa ndikupewa kudulidwa pazinthu.
Ndondomeko yowonjezera filimuyi pa wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha imakhala yosiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zomangamanga. Inde, ambiri a chilimwe amadziwa momwe angaphimbe wowonjezera kutentha ndi kukulunga, koma, kuwonjezera pa makonzedwe, pali zosankha zopanda pake. Kotero tiyeni tiyang'ane pa aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
Osapangidwanso ndi chimango chobirira
Njira yosavuta yopangira malo obzalamo amaonedwa kuti ndi yopanda malo obiriwira omwe amamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chinsalu (pankhaniyi akulimbikitsidwa ndi kanema). Zinthu zosankhidwa ziyenera kuyikidwa pabedi mwamsanga mutatha kufesa, kukonza miyala ndi zinthu zina zolemetsa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale filimu yokhala ndi polyethylene yokhazikika siyiyenela kugwira ntchitoyi ngati zolemetsa zowonjezereka, motero zowonjezereka zimakhala zosangalatsa.
Kawirikawiri, kumanga nyumba zosungiramo zobiriwira kumagwiritsa ntchito malo ogwiritsidwa kale kale, omwe sali oyenerera bungwe la wowonjezera kutentha. Choncho, filimu yakale sichiyenera kutaya nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa, pogwiritsa ntchito zidutswa zing'onozing'ono, mungagwiritse ntchito zinthu zosafunika kuti zisawonongeke.
Ngati mupanga zitunda pamphepete pamene mukukonza mabedi, ndiye udzu wam'mbuyomu ukhoza kukulira pa filimu yowonjezeredwa. Pachifukwa ichi, chinthu china sichifunikira, chifukwa filimuyi idzachepa pang'ono. Komanso njira yabwino yoperekera wowonjezera kutentha ndi nyumba, zomwe mipangidwe yamatabwa imapangidwira pambali pa mabedi. Firimuyi imalumikizidwa kwa iwo (pofuna kukonza mfundozo ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito wogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga).
Zipinda zosungiramo zobiriwira zimamangidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (ikadali yozizira), kotero zinthu zomwe zimatha kutentha zimakhala bwino pano. Chogulitsa ichi chikuwongolera filimu.
Dulani greenhouses ndi greenhouses
Puloteni yowonjezeredwa ndi chinthu chodabwitsa, ndipo kamodzi kamodzi mwaphunzira momwe mukuchitira, mudzaigwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza.
Inde, mu ulimi ndibwino kwambiri pomanga nyumba zosungiramo zitsamba ndi malo obiriwira.
Pamapeto pake, zinthuzo zimagwedezeka pamtengo wamatabwa kapena zitsulo, kukonza ndi zofunikira, mawaya, misomali kapena zida zapadera.
Komabe, ngati waya wodulidwa ungagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira chitsulo, kenaka kukonza filimuyo pamtengo wapatali, ndikofunika kukonzekera matabwa ndi matabwa, zomwe zidzatheketsa kukonza bwino chithunzichi.
Makhalidwe a mawonekedwe a mawindo amapereka nyonga ya polyethylene yowonjezeredwa kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha, chifukwa katundu wong'onong'ono sagwiritsiridwa ntchito kokha kwa filimuyokha, komanso ku mafilimu omwe amatsitsimutsa. Izi zimakhalanso zovuta makamaka ngati zowonongeka mwakuthupi mwa kudula zigawo za zipangizo zamaluwa kapena panthawi yovuta. Mmbuluwo sungathamangire kupyola selo la manda yolumikizidwa.
Kuti muyambe kukonzekera kansalu kofiira, koyamba, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa bwino mawonekedwe a wowonjezera kutentha. Simungayambe njira yowonjezera chophimba pakhomo pang'onopang'ono kapena pamphepete mwa chimango, pokhapokha pangakhale vuto lalikulu lowonongeka kwa nkhaniyo. Posankha mtundu wa chimango, ndi bwino kumvetsera mitundu yowala, popeza mdima umakhala wotentha kwambiri padzuwa, zomwe zingawathandize mosavuta kutentha kwa filimuyi. Mukakonzekera mwachindunji nkhaniyo ndi kupeza chivundikirocho muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zikuluzikulu zokha. 
Mukudziwa? Malo oyamba obiriwira, monga momwe ife timawadziwira lero, amamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 13 ku Italy, kumene ankakonda kulima zomera zachilendo zakunja.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito filimu yowonjezeredwa pamalo ogona a greenhouses ndi greenhouses
Film yosatha yosungiramo zobiriwira, yotchedwa "kulimbikitsidwa", osati kwachabe okonda wamaluwa ambiri. Lili ndi ubwino wambiri wosatsimikizirika womwe umasiyanitsa motsutsana ndi chiyambi cha zipangizo zofanana. Makamaka, ubwino wotere ndi awa: 
- Mphamvu zazikulu (filimu yosavuta yowonjezera yobiriwira imakhala yofooka kwambiri ponena za kutambasula ndi kukana kusokonezeka kwa makina, zomwe ziri zowona makamaka kwa zigawo zosakaniza);
- Kukaniza miyendo ya ultraviolet poyendetsa magetsi a dzuwa (zotsatirazi zimapezeka kudzera pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kowala);
- Kulimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwabwino, zomwe sizosadabwitsa, popeza kuwonongeka kwa matumba apulasitiki omwe amatha zaka zoposa 100;
- kumatha kupanga mtundu wa microclimate mu greenhouses ndi greenhouses poonetsetsa kuti kulimbika bwino, komwe kumayambitsa kusakhala kwa drafts;
- kumatha kukonzanso mwamsanga chophimba, makamaka ndi makina okonzeka apadera (ngakhale kuti chitsulo chosungunuka nthawi zonse chiyenera kusindikizidwa);
- Kusamalidwa ndi kusamutsa filimuyi, yomwe idakwaniritsidwa chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kwa zinthu, kuyanjana ndi kumasulidwa muzitsulo;
- kukana mvula, mphepo yamkuntho, matalala ndi zinthu zina za nyengo;
- chisamaliro cha chilengedwe (kulimbikitsa filimu yotentha ndi yopangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda chitetezo zomwe sizikhoza kuwononga thanzi la anthu kapena chilengedwe);
- mtengo wotsika mtengo, makamaka ngati mukufanizira filimu yowonjezeredwa ndi galasi, polycarbonate kapena zipangizo zina zothazikika.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa enieni a kukula kwa masamba ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa greenhouses akugwa pakati pa theka la zaka za m'ma 1900, chifukwa panthawiyi pankakhala mitundu yambiri ya zowonjezera zowonjezera zamasamba, zomwe poyamba zinkafuna kulima panthaka. Choncho, malo obiriwira amayamba kupezeka m'minda yambiri, ndikusintha chidole cha osankhidwa kuti azichita tsiku ndi tsiku kwa aliyense wamaluwa. Mwachigawo, zotsatira izi zinapindula chifukwa cha kutsika kwa galasi ku Russia.
Pakalipano, pali zipangizo zambiri, zomwe, ngati pali chikhumbo, zingakhale zowonjezera kutentha kwambiri - malo omwe masamba anu onse amakucha mofulumira ndipo adzakusangalatsani ndi kukoma kwakukulu. Komabe, posankha chogulitsa, onetsetsani kuti muwone ubwino ndi zopindulitsa za kugula, zomwe mumadziwa kale panthawi yosankha filimu yolimbikitsidwa.
