Kukonzekera bwino kwa mphesa m'nyengo yozizira kumadera a Moscow

Kukonzekera mphesa kwa nyengo yozizira kumaphatikizidwa pa ntchito yowonjezera ndi yofunikira kwambiri yosamalira mbewu. Malangizo a momwe tingachitire m'dera la Moscow, tawasankha m'nkhaniyi.

Zamkatimu:

• Momwe mungakonzekerere chomera chobisala
• Kuthira kwakukulu
• Feteleza
• Kudulira
• Kodi kuphimba mphesa m'nyengo yozizira ku Moscow dera
• Ground
• Zowonjezera ndi kugula zipangizo
• Nthawi yobisala nyengo yozizira

Kodi ndiyambe liti ndipo maphunziro a chisanu ndi chiyani?

Mphesa zimakhala bwino kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira zidzadalira momwe zimayang'anira bwino nyengo ya kukula komanso ngati zakonzedwa bwino ndi nyengo yozizira.

Ndikofunika kudziwa mitundu yomwe ikukula bwino m'midzi.

Ntchito yokonzekera m'nyengo yozizira ingagawidwe mu magawo awiri:

1. Kukonzekera.
2. Pogona.

Kukonzekera kumayamba m'dzinja pamene fruiting siteji ikufika kumapeto. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mpesa umapindula m'nyengo yozizira, yomwe ili ndi nkhuni zokwanira, ndiko kuti, ukula. Choncho, kumayambiriro kwa autumn, zoyesayesa za wolima ayenera kuyang'ana makamaka pakuonetsetsa kuti mipesa yamtundu uliwonse ingatheke. Mphukira zazikuluzikulu ndi zobiriwira, zimakhala zotentha ngakhale pansi pa chisanu, kuguguda bwino komanso kuswa.

Ngati m'zaka zadzinja zowonongeka, mipesa yobiriwira imavumbulutsidwa, iyenera kuchotsedwa. Ndipotu, sizingatheke kuthera nthawi yozizira, zingakhalenso magwero a matenda a tizilombo todwalitsa ndi matenda a fungal.

Ndikofunikira! Ambiri amakhala ndi moyo wambiri pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira mumphesa, yomwe ili ndi masentimita 0,6-1.3 cm, ndipo pamutu pake sichimatha kupitirira gawo limodzi la magawo atatu. Mu nthambi izi muli mavitamini ndi minerals ambiri omwe sangalole mphukira kufa mu chisanu.

Momwe mungakonzekerere chomera chobisala

Kuti mpesa ukhwime pamaso chisanu, m'pofunika kutsatira malamulo ena:

1. Sankhani moyenera mitundu yomwe ili yoyenera kubzala m'deralo. Kudera la Moscow, Lora, Shun, Nadezhda Aksayskaya, Victoria, Nakhodka Azos, Viktor, Super Extra, Phenomenon, Pervozvany, Muscat Chilimwe, Gala, Cherry, Kadinali Yotsatira.
2. Panthawi yonseyi, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa momwe mpesa umayendera, kuyankha nthawi yothetsa mavuto, kuchiritsa matenda, kupanga mankhwala ochizira matendawa, kuchotsa mphukira zakuwonongeka.
3. Pakapita nthawi kuti mukolole komanso musalole katundu wolimba pa mpesa. Masango ochulukirapo pa izo adzakhala, kenako iwo amakhala opangidwa.
4. Lekani kuthirira ndi kuyamba kwadzinja. Kuwopsya kwa chilala kudzachititsa kuti mizu ya mphesa ikhale ndi phytohormone - inhibitor. Ndi iye yemwe angachedwetse kukula kwa chikhalidwe ndikupangitsa kuyamba kwa malo othawa. Adzakhala ndi mbali ya mipesa yakale.
5. Kutulutsa madzi otsitsimula kuthirira mbewu kumapeto kwa kugwa.
6. Muzichita feteleza nthawi yake.
7. Kuti achite yophukira kudulira.

Mukudziwa? Zipatso zonse za mphesa zili ndi mankhwala. Monga imodzi mwa zigawo za mankhwala, mphesa zinatchulidwa koyamba mu ntchito ya dokotala wachi Greek Dioscorides "Materia Medica" (77-78 AD).

Kuthira kwakukulu

Panthawi yomwe kutentha kwapansi kunakhazikitsidwa ndipo patapita nthawi yophukira, m'pofunika kubzala mphesa. Zimapangidwa chifukwa cha nthaka yothira bwino yomwe imadutsa pafupi ndi mizu imawombera pansi. Ndondomekoyi imayamba ndikuti maenje osasambika amakumbidwa pamtunda wa chitsamba ndipo pang'onopang'ono mudzaze nawo madzi. Pa chitsamba chimodzi ayenera kuchoka ku ndowa 1 mpaka 3 za madzi.

Pambuyo pa madzi onse, mphesa zamasamba padziko lapansi ndi kubzala. Ngati mwezi wa October udakhala mvula, ndiye kuti madzi akutsitsimutsa chinyontho sichinachitike.

Feteleza

Ndikofunika kuti manyowawo asamalire nyengo yozizira, komanso kuti apange mankhwala opatsirana motsutsana ndi matenda.

Kudyetsa panthawiyi, superphosphate (25 g / 10 l madzi) ndi mchere wa potashi (25 g / 10 l madzi) zidzafunika. Mizu yapamwamba imapangidwa mu October, yopanga mabowo 20 cm chakuya pafupi ndi chitsamba.

Foliar ndi yabwino kwambiri musanayambe masamba. Amagwiritsa ntchito superphosphate, phulusa, potaziyamu mchere, manganese, chitsulo, boric acid.

Kuti musatenge overwintering wa fungi zomwe zimayambitsa mildew, anthracnose, ndi malo wakuda, pakugwa, zidzakhala zofunikira kupopera tchire pogwiritsa ntchito othandizira mkuwa. Ndizowonjezereka kuti azitha kuchipatala kuchokera ku mbola yakuda "Topsin-M" ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - "Decis", "Bi-58" ndi mankhwala ena.

Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo mbeu yonse itachotsedwa.

Ndikofunikira! Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizidwe za m'dzinja zisakhale ndi nayitrogeni, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa zomera.

VIDEO: MMENE MUNGAGWIRITSE NTCHITO NDI ZOKHUDZA MITUNDU

Kudulira

Chimodzi mwa magawo ofunika kwambiri pokonzekera mphesa m'nyengo yozizira ndi kudulira. Odziŵa eni ake a minda yamphesa akulangizidwa kuti apange pamene woyamba frosts abwera, koma pansipa -3 madigiri. Chowonadi n'chakuti atatha kukolola chomeracho adakalipatsidwa kupatula nthawi yodzipezera zakudya. Ndipo oyambirira kudulira adzakhala kwambiri kuchepetsa chisanu kukana zomera.

Onetsetsani zokolola za mphesa kumapeto ndi m'dzinja.

Pamene mukudulira, muyenera kuchita ntchito ziwiri - kuchotsani achinyamata, ntchentche zosapsa ndi kudula mipesa yomwe yatha. Pajambula lirilonse ndiyenera kusiya ndondomeko yowonjezeramo ndi mzere wa zipatso. Mfundo yowonjezera iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku mphukira ya m'munsi imene idakula kuchokera kumbali ya kunja kwa manja. Kuzikonza kumachitika m'njira yakuti pali maso 3-4.

Mtsuko wa zipatso umapangidwa kuchokera ku nthambi yomwe ili pamwamba penipeni pa mbali yowonjezerapo. Iyenera kuyikidwa maso a 5-12. Choncho, atadula mitengo, mitengo ikuluikulu imakhalabe, ikukula mozungulira pansi, ndi manja omwe ali ndi masamba, omwe chaka chatha amapereka nthambi zazing'ono ndi manja ndi zipatso.

Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukudulira, muyenera kuyesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti mabala ndi zigawo ziikidwa mkati mwa mphukira. Chomwechonso machiritso awo oyambirira adzakhala.

Nthawi yomweyo atatha kudulira, amachita katarovka - kudulira mame, omwe ali pafupi ndi dziko lapansi. Iwo sadzapulumuka nyengo yozizira yoopsa, koma akhoza kukwiyitsa matenda mu mizu yakuya.

Kodi kuphimba mphesa m'nyengo yozizira ku Moscow dera

Ndi bwino kuyambira malo osungira mphesa zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambazi zatsirizidwa ndipo frosts yoyamba yafika. Ndikofunika kuti pakhale malo otsika subzero kutentha mpaka madigiri -2. Izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October - zaka khumi zoyambirira za November.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi mbeu 10 zosaphimbidwa m'madera a Moscow.

Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungapezere mphesa:

1. Njira zachilengedwe.
2. Zida zobvala.

Ground

Mpesa akhoza prikopat lapansi. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta, koma osati yothandiza kwambiri. Pankhani yowonjezera mvula yamkuntho komanso kutentha kwa dziko lapansi, zomerazo zimafa. Mtundu uwu ndi woyenera kwa zomera zakale, zowuma kale. Ndipo kwa achinyamata ndi bwino kusankha njira zina.

Mitengo iyenera kuchotsedwa ku zothandizira, zomangirizidwa ndi kuziphatikizidwa pansi, zothandizidwa ndi chitsulo cha sulphate (400 g pa 10 lita imodzi ya madzi), kenaka idakonzedwa ndi masentimita 15 a nthaka yochepa. Palibe youma kapena nthaka yonyowa kwambiri yazinthu izi sizigwira ntchito. Malo okonkha ayenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku mizera. Kwa tchire zokhala ndi singwe - pamtunda wa mamita 1 kuchokera ku thunthu.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe nokha malamulo a mphesa musanafike pogona komanso zinsinsi za malo a mphesa m'nyengo yozizira.

Kwa dera la Moscow ndilofunikanso, kuwonjezera pa munda wa nthaka (wosanjikiza wa 5-15 masentimita), kuti ugwiritse ntchito pogona, masamba, udzu (masentimita 5 mpaka 15), ndiyeno gawo lina la nthaka lotayirira (pamwamba pa 25 cm). Kapena kuyika mapepala a pansi, kuphimba ndi zojambulajambula, ndi zina zotero. Izi ndi zofunika kuti chinyontho chisalowe mumsasa, chomwe chingachititse kuwonongeka kwa maso.

Malo obisala m'nyengo yamvula yozizira ndi yabwino kubisala ndi chipale chofewa - idzalola kuti mipesa ikhale yofunda. Pofuna kusunga nthawi ndi khama pamsasa, gwiritsani ntchito njira yobzala mphesa muzitsulo zamatabwa kapena mabokosi omwe ali ndi masentimita 20 mpaka 30 ndi kupitirira 30-50 masentimita. Zingwe zimatetezedwa ndi njerwa, matabwa kapena matabwa. Kwa nyengo yozizira, mipesa imayikidwa muzitsulozi ndipo imaphimbidwa ndi mapepala apamwamba, kudumphira kumamveka, filimu, ndi matabwa.

Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo poika mpesa kuchoka ku zothandizira, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chitsimikizire kuti sichikhudza pansi. Pansi pake mumaphatikizapo zipangizo zamakono kapena mbale zamatabwa.

Zowonjezera ndi kugula zipangizo

Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, malo ogona amagawidwa kunja, omwe amapangidwa mwa kuphimba zipangizo ndi njira zopangidwira, komanso mkati - kuthetsa mpesa mkati mwa pogona.

Mkati pansi pa mpesa ndi kuvalapo mtengo wa zonunkhira, udzu, utuchi.

Kuchokera mmwamba gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomwe ziri pafupi kapena zomwe zingakhale mu sitolo ya hardware.

Zitetezo zamatabwa, mabokosi a matabwa. Mpesa umayikidwa pazitsulo, ndipo zikopa za matabwa zimayikidwa mbali zonse za tchire ngati mawonekedwe a hema. Kuonjezerapo, matabwa ochokera mkati ndi ophatikizidwa ndi ruberoid.

Slate. Gwiritsani ntchito kokha pamodzi ndi dziko lapansi. Imaikidwa pamwamba pa dothi. Zolinga zomwezo amagwiritsira ntchito zikhomo, matabwa, ndi zipangizo zina. Agrofibre, filimu. The mphukira ndi yokutidwa ndi spruce nthambi, udzu ndi zina organic kanthu, ndi agrofibre, filimu kapena lutrasil anatambasula pamwamba 2-3 magawo. Mphepete mwa zipangizozo amazaza dziko lapansi kapena kulimbana ndi zinthu zolemetsa. Ruberoid Ma arcs amafunika kuikidwa pamwamba pa tchire, ndipo ziyenera kutengedwera. Mofananamo, mukhoza kuphimba ndi polyethylene. Kupukuta pulasitiki Mliriwu umatenthedwa ndi singano zapaini, ndipo umakhala wofunda ndi thovu.

Nthawi yobisala nyengo yozizira

Ku Moscow, mphesa zimayamba kutsegulidwa zaka khumi zapitazi za April. Ngati akuyembekezerabe kufungira, ndiye kuti mutsegule kokha pamasana kuti muthamangire komanso muwone kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma musabwerere mipesa kuti muthandizire. Sitiyenera kuyika mphukira yotentha, ili ndi zotsatira zovulaza kwa iwo.

Ngati chisanu chibwera mwadzidzidzi, usiku usiku mipesa yotsegulidwa kale ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi agrotex, spunbond. Pogwiritsa ntchito filimuyi, muyenera kuichotsa masana. Kugona masamba kungathe kupirira kutentha mpaka kupitirira madigiri 3-4, omwe alowetsa kukula mpaka kupitirira madigiri 1.

Kuwululidwa kwathunthu kwa mphesa kumapangidwira nthawi yomwe kulibe chisanu cha m'mawa, kutentha kwabwino kwakhazikika ndipo dziko lauma. Pogona akuchotsedwa, ndipo akuwombera kumamatira ku zothandizira.

Mwamsanga atadziwulula, prophylactic kupopera mbewu za mphesa ku matenda ndi tizilombo towononga ndi fungicides ndi tizilombo timayambitsa: "Nitrofen", "Karbofos", "Oxyhom", yankho la mkuwa ndi chitsulo sulphate.

Mukudziwa? Kulima mphesa kunayamba pafupifupi zaka 6-8,000 zapitazo ku Middle East. Umboni wakale kwambiri wofukulidwa pansi pano wotsimikizira kuti viticulture ndi winemaking zinali zofunika kwambiri mu chikhalidwe cha anthu zinapezeka m'madera a Georgia masiku ano. Malinga ndi asayansi, iwo ali pafupi zaka zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu.

Kukonzekera mphesa m'nyengo yozizira ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha chomera, pa kukhazikitsidwa kolondola kumene kumadalira thanzi lake ndi zokolola. Pali njira zambiri zopezera mipesa. Mwini aliyense wa munda wamphesa akhoza kusankha okha omwe amavomerezedwa.