Yerusalemu atitchoku - Chomera chosatha, chofanana kwambiri ndi mbatata yotchuka. Amapulumuka bwino mkhalidwe wathu wa chikhalidwe, sizowonongeka za chisamaliro, amapereka zokolola zambiri. Jerusalem atitchoku imadziwika kwambiri pophika ndi mankhwala kuti ikhale yopindulitsa, kuchiritsa katundu. M'nkhaniyi, mudzaphunzira ubwino wa chomera, momwe Yerusalemu amapangira artichokes, komanso malamulo oyambidwa ndi kusamalira Yerusalemu artichokes.
Atitchoku ya Yerusalemu: kufotokoza
Chomeracho Yerusalemu atitchoku tubers amawoneka ngati mbatata, ndipo zimayambira - pa mpendadzuwa. Anthu a ku Yerusalemu atitchoku amatchedwanso peyala yadothi chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kokoma ndi zipatso zowutsa mudyo. North America amaonedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira.
Mmera wokwera msinkhu ukhoza kufika mamita anayi. Ndizosangalatsa kuona ululu wa topinambur. Maluwa ake ali ofanana kwambiri ndi mitu ya mpendadzuwa, koma ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Maluwa amakhala ndi fungo lokoma. Mzuwu ndi wamphamvu ndipo umayimilidwa ndi zida zadothi. Zipatso zimakhala zozungulira, zitha kukhala zofiirira, zachikasu, zoyera, zofiirira. Unyinji wa tuber umodzi umasiyana ndi 20 mpaka 300 g.
Chomeracho ndi chodzichepetsa, sichiri chovuta kunthaka (chimatengera mizu ngakhale ku dothi losawuka), chimapereka zokolola zabwino. Mbali ina yabwino ya chikhalidwe ndikuti imatha kwambiri matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Choncho, kubereka kwa atitchoku ya Yerusalemu sikutanthauza ndalama zambiri komanso nthawi. Koma, masamba ndi zipatso za chomera zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza, kotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala.
Zipatso za zomera zimatengedwa ngati zakudya, chifukwa zilibe mafuta ndi mafuta. Mtengo wa calories wa 100 g wa mankhwalawa ndi 73 kcal zokha. Ilibe gramu ya mafuta m'thupi. Nthenda yamtengo wapatali ya mankhwalawa ndi potaziyamu, chakudya, sodium, zakudya zamagetsi ndi shuga (10 g okha pa 100 g ya zipatso). Topinambur imakhalanso ndi inulin. Chifukwa cha izi, zipatso za chikhalidwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi odwala shuga, anthu omwe amafunikira chakudya.
Komanso, chomeracho chili ndi vitamini zambiri:
- vitamini A;
- vitamini D;
- vitamini C;
- mavitamini B6 ndi B12;
- calcium;
- chitsulo;
- magnesiamu.
Chifukwa cha izi, Jerusalem artichoke imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala kuchepa shuga m'magazi a shuga, kuonetsetsa kuti magazi akugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kuyeretsa chiwindi, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti chiwindi chimayambitsa. Masamba a atitchoku a Yerusalemu ndi othandiza kwambiri pochotsa mchere kuchokera ku thupi, kutuluka kwawo kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mankhwala okalamba.
Mukudziwa? Aritchoku ya Yerusalemu inadziwikiratu nthawi yayitali isanayambe. Anayamba kukula ndikudya mafuko ambiri a ku India. Dzina la chikhalidwe limachokera ku dzina la fuko "tupinambos". Pokufika mbatata, chidwi chomeracho chinatsika kwambiri. Lero likhoza kupezeka m'mapaki ngati chomera chokongola.
Momwe mungabzalitsire topinambur: kusankha malo ndi malo
Aritchoku ya Yerusalemu ndi yabwino kukula m'dziko. Mmerawo ukhoza kumera pa dothi ladothi loamy, mchenga. Sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera, chingathe kupulumuka chilala, komanso ngati palibe woyang'anira aliyense. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kupeza zokolola zochuluka, muyenera kutsatira malamulo oyambirira a kubzala ndi kusamalira mbewu. Pansipa tikambirana momwe mungamere Yerusalemu artichoke, kotero kuti chomeracho chidzakondweretseni ndi zazikulu, zokoma za tubers.
Momwe mungapezere zokolola zochuluka za atitchoku ya Yerusalemu: kusankha malo oti mubzalidwe
Kwa tubers wa zomera bwino anapanga, malo kubzala Yerusalemu atitchoku ayenera kusankha yowunikira. Mukhozanso kukonza chiwembu ndi kumeta pang'ono. Musayime chomera pafupi ndi mbewu zochepa. Pamene mapesi a Yerusalemu amatha kukula (ndipo akhoza kufika mamita anayi), zomera zimakhala pamthunzi.
Ndikofunikira! Sikoyenera kuti chomera chikhale chowoneka bwino. Zimayambitsa zipatso kuti zikhale zochepa osati zosangalatsa.
Malinga ndi zikhalidwe za kusinthasintha kwa mbeu, sikuvomerezeka kuti tinyamule artichoke ya Yerusalemu pamalo omwe strawberries adakula posachedwapa, komanso mosiyana. Koposa zonse, chomera chimakhala pamodzi ndi anansi monga chimanga, mbatata, raspberries, currants. Okonzeratu abwino a mbewu ndi mbatata, nkhaka, kabichi. Ndikofunika kuganizira zomwe Yerusalemu aritchoku imakhutiritsa bwino nthaka ndi zinthu zothandiza, amachotsa mchere kuchokera pamenepo. Choncho, pofuna kubwezeretsa nthaka yachonde, artichoke ya Yerusalemu imabzalidwa pamalo omwe mpendadzuwa ndi mbewu zina zimakula. Komabe, muzinthu izi, musayembekezere kukolola kolemera.
Kodi topinambur akufunsira nthaka?
Atitchoku Yerusalem safuna nthaka. Ikhoza kukula pa nthaka iliyonse, ngakhale yopanda mphamvu. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kupeza zokolola zambiri, muyenera kuganizira zofuna za mbeuyi. Zabwino kwambiri chifukwa chodzala tubers yabwino loamy, lotayirira nthaka. Kulima kumadera ambiri ayenera kusankha nthaka yachonde. Musakonzekere kudzala pa nthaka yolemetsa ndi mchere.
Musanadzalemo nthaka muyenera kukhala okonzeka. Ngati chodzala chikukonzekera kumapeto kwa nyengo, kugwa kwa nthaka kukumbidwa pansi pa bayonet ya fosholo ndikuonjezeranso kompositi. Pamene kukumba kwa mchenga wa dziko lapansi sikung'ambika, ndi bwino kuchitidwa kasupe. M'nthawi yamadzinja, nthaka idakumbidwa milungu itatu isanayambe kubzala.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa zokolola, musanadzale, sakanizani nthaka ndi feteleza ya phosphate-potassium (zitowe zouma, fupa la fupa). Aliyense amene amaiwala pamene akumba tuber adzakula chaka chotsatira. Kulepheretsa dera la kukula kwa chikhalidwe cha chomeracho chobzalidwa m'matsuko.
Kubwezeretsedwa kwa Yerusalemu atitchoku: momwe mungabzalitse tubers ya peyala ya peyala
Mwinamwake mukukhudzidwa ndi mtundu uti wa ati Yerusalemu. Yankho la funso ili ndi losavuta. Jerusalem artichokes amakula ndi kufalitsa masamba - tubers, monga mbatata yathu yamba. Kwa kubzala, tizilombo tapamwamba timasankhidwa (popanda zizindikiro zowola ndi zakunja zowonongeka) za usinkhu wofiira (mpaka 40 g). Kubzala kawirikawiri kumachitidwa kasupe, kumapeto kwa April. Komabe, kubzala kungatheke kumapeto kwa nyengo (kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa November), chifukwa chomera chimakhala chopanda chisanu. Kololani mufike chaka chomwe chikubwerako.
Kuti tizilombo tizipangidwe bwino, m'pofunika kumamatira kutalika kwa masentimita 60 mpaka 80 pakati pa mabedi, ndi 30 mpaka 40 masentimita pamabedi pakati pa maenje. Kutsika kwa maenje ayenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 10. Nthaka imene inachotsedwa pamene kukumba maenje ikulimbikitsidwa kuti iphatikizedwe ndi fetereza ya phosphate ndi kutsanulira chifukwa cha kusakaniza kwa tubers.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukukonzekera zambiri, zimakhala bwino kukumba osati maenje, koma masentimita khumi ndi awiri (12 cm). Tubers mmenemo ayenera kuikidwa masentimita 40 kupatula wina ndi mnzake. Pofuna kupanga mapepala, mungagwiritse ntchito ralo.
Kuchokera pobzala tubers mpaka kumatha mwezi kumapita, ndipo kukolola kumachitika miyezi isanu kapena isanu ndi umodzi.
Mmene mungasamalire Yerusalemu atitchoku
Ngati chovuta ndicho kupeza zokolola zabwino komanso zamtengo wapatali, musadalire pokhapokha kuti chomera sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera ndipo chingathe kupulumuka muzochitika za "Spartan". Zomwe zimafunika kuti zisamalire bwino chikhalidwe sichiri chochuluka. Komabe, kusunga kwawo kukukondweretsani inu ndi chonde chosabalalitsa komanso zabwino kwambiri. Komanso, kusamalira bwino kumateteza atitchoku ya Yerusalemu ku matenda ndi tizirombo.
Zomwe zimatsirira peyala ya peyala
Yerusalemu atitchoku sichifuna kuti chinyezi chikhale cholimba komanso chimakhala chosagonjetsedwa ndi chilala. Kuthirira peyala yadothi, yomwe yabzalidwa poyera, iyenera kukhala pokhapokha ngati kulibe mvula kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngati mcherewu umabzalidwa m'mitsuko, kuthirira moyenera kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata ndi theka. Mulimonsemo sitiyenera kusefukira nthaka. Ndi bwino kumwa madzi m'mawa kapena madzulo. Kutentha kwa madzi abwino kwambiri ndi 15 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Kuthirira topinambur sikuyenera kuchitika ngati kutentha kwa mpweya tsiku ndi tsiku kuli pansi pa 15 ° C.
Chovala chokongola cha girasi
Mchere wa feteleza umachitika mu magawo atatu:
- kompositi pa nthaka kukumba;
- feteleza phosphate feteleza panthawi yobzala;
- mineral fetereza mu nthawi ya kumasulidwa kwa masamba.
Phosphorous-potashi feteleza pa nthaka ya atitchoku ya Yerusalemu ndi manyowa owuma ndi fupa. Chomera chimayankha bwino kwa organic ndi mchere feteleza. Phosphorus, potashi, feteleza feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima, nayitrogeni feteleza - m'chaka. Manyowa opangidwa ndi feteleza angagwiritsidwe ntchito kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zonse, ndipo feteleza zamchere zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikhale umuna chaka chilichonse.
Kusamalira nthaka ndi kupalira
Kupeta zomera ndi namsongole ndi imodzi mwa malamulo ofunika kwambiri powasamalira peyala yadothi. Kupalira koyamba kumachitika pamene kumera kumaonekera bwino kuti asasokonezedwe ndi namsongole. Peyala yadothi imakonda nthaka yosasunthika, choncho kuthira pansi nthawi zonse sikuthandiza kokha kukonza namsongole, komanso kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino pansi. Udzu uyenera kukhala mosamala, kuti usawononge mizu ya atitchoku ya Yerusalemu.
Mukudziwa? Kupitiliza kubzala kawirikawiri, zikuluzikulu zidzakhala Yerusalemu atitchoku tubers. Pambuyo kumera, zomera zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizitha, ndipo pakati pa nyengo yosakaniza zowonongeka zimayambira mamita limodzi ndi theka. Izi zidzakupatsani zokolola zochuluka.
Matenda ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta Yerusalemu
Matenda a peyala a padziko lapansi ndi mitundu yonse ya matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Komabe, monga chomera china chirichonse, chimawagonjera. Nthaŵi zambiri, vuto limakhalapo pakakhala kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa malamulo a chisamaliro kapena kubzala pa nthaka yowonongeka kapena zomera zomwe zili pafupi.
Vuto loyera ndilofala kwambiri pa topinambur. Zimakhudza kwambiri zomera ndi chinyezi chochuluka cha nthaka. Kuwonetsedwa ndi zoyera pachimake pa zimayambira. Poyamba, kukula kobiri kumayamba kuoneka mkati mwa zimayambira. Ngati zizindikiro zoterezi zidziwika, chomera choyeneracho chiyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kutenthedwa mwamsanga. Powdery mildew ingawoneke pammera pa theka lachiwiri la nyengo yokula. Amawonetsedwa ndi maluwa oyera pamwamba pa masamba. M'kupita kwanthaŵi, nkhondoyo imapeza mtundu wofiirira. Matendawa ndi chifukwa cha chilala kapena kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Pofuna kulimbana ndi matendawa, atitchoku ya Yerusalemu imachizidwa ndi fungicides (mwachitsanzo, "Skor", "Topaz").
Pakati pa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono pa Yerusalemu atitchoku akhoza kuika diso slugs ndi medvedka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Polimbana ndi slugs kuzungulira zomera, wapadera granules aikidwa kunja. Pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tiwonongeke ndi kachilomboka ndi mphutsi za Maybug, Foxin kapena Diazinon amaikidwa m'nthaka asanadzalemo.
Ndikofunikira! Powdery mildew nthawi zambiri imabweretsa feteleza wochuluka m'nthaka. Choncho, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa.
Kukolola artichoke ya Yerusalemu
Chidziwikire cha chomeracho chimakhalapo chifukwa chakuti kukolola kungatheke mu kugwa ndi masika. M'dzinja, ndi bwino kuzichita mkatikatikati mwa mwezi wa October, ndipo kumapeto kwa chisanu chimasungunuka. Tizilombo timene timasankha m'kati mwa masika ndizoyenera kubzala atsopano. Zili ndi shuga zambiri kuposa zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa kugwa.
Ma tubers omwe anasiya m'nyengo yozizira amasungidwa bwino kwambiri m'nthaka. Amatha kupirira chisanu mkati mwa madigiri 40 a chisanu. M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chimadulidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 15 kuchokera pansi, tubers ili ndi udzu, masamba owuma ndi odulidwa. Musachedwe kudula chomera, nthawi yabwino kwambiri iyi ndi mwezi wa November. Mpaka pano, artichoke ya Yerusalemu imatenga zinthu zothandiza kuchokera pansi.
Mitundu ya tubers yomwe imachoka pansi imatha kumera chaka chotsatira. Komabe, pofuna kubereka bwino, ayenera kukumba ndikusankhidwa chifukwa chodzala zitsanzo zabwino.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati zimayambira kwambiri mochedwa m'nyengo yozizira, izi zimachepetsa zokolola ndi kukula kwa tubers zomwe mumakumba mumasika.
Kusunga artichoke ya Yerusalemu ndi bwino kuchitidwa pamalo ozizira. Pachifukwa ichi chipinda chapansi kapena malo atsopano mufiriji ndizabwino. Pa kutentha kwa kutentha, tubers idzaphwanya ndi kuwonongeka mwamsanga. Podziwa kuti peyala yadothi ndi yothandiza bwanji, momwe zimapangira peyala yadothi, malamulo oyang'anira chisamaliro, kukolola komanso momwe angasungire Yerusalemu atitchoku m'nyengo yozizira, mungathe kulikula mosavuta mu chiwembu chanu.
