M'dzinja, pamene masamba omalizira akuyenda kuchokera ku yamatcheri ndipo mtengo ukukonzekera nyengo yozizira, wolima munda ayenera kuiwala za mtendere. Pambuyo pake, izi ndi nthawi yomwe mtengo umafuna kusamalidwa kwambiri, kubzala, kudulira nthambi ndi chitetezo ku nyengo yozizira yozizira.
M'munsimu muli ndondomeko yeniyeni yodalirika yamatcheri m'dzinja, yomwe ingakuthandizeni kuti muzitha kuika munda wanu mofulumira.
Nsonga Zothandizira Madothi
Nthaka ndi malo akuluakulu, mdziko ndi kubereka kumene kumadalira kukula ndi kukula kwa mtengo, mapangidwe a zipatso. Choncho, kukumba ndi umuna wa nthaka kuzungulira tsinde la chitumbuwa chiyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse, koma nthawi zonse. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti mu nyengo yachisanu mtengo sumaphuka ndipo sumabala chipatso, palibe chifukwa choyang'anira nthaka.
Ndipotu, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, mizu ya mtengo iyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira ndi madzi okwanira. Ndipotu, mtengo ndi thupi lokhala ndi moyo, lomwe, ngakhale kuti limagwera mu "nyengo yozizira", koma kuti likhalebe lofunika kwambiri, liyenera kukhala ndi magwero a zakudya ndi zofunika.
Nthaka yoyenera feteleza m'dzinja
Kawirikawiri, alimi amakhulupirira kuti m'pofunika kuti manyowa azitulutsa zabwino m'chaka. Ndipotu, kumapeto kwa nyengo, imakhala ndi zakudya zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa mtengo ndi zitsamba zina.
Zonsezi ndi zolondola, koma kamodzi kokha kofunika kwambiri sikunaganizidwe - feteleza yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kasupe idzawonongeka pang'onopang'ono ndipo pang'onopang'ono imadzafika mizu, pamene mtengo wayamba kale kusungunuka ndipo zipatsozo zayamba kukulapo. Kuti mtengo unali wovala bwino pakati pa maluwa - manyowa mu kugwa.
Komabe, pano nkofunikanso kuti musagwirizane ndi nthawi yoyenera pamene mukufunika kudyetsa kwina. Ndiponsotu, ngati feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira kwambiri ndipo, chifukwa cha chinyezi chabwino cha m'dzinja, zimayamba kuwonongeka, kuwonjezereka kwa kukula kwa mphukira yamatcheri yowonjezeka ikhoza kuchitika, yomwe ndi yoopsa kwambiri pamtengo (nyengo yozizira imapita patsogolo kwambiri ndi chisanu). Choncho, Muyenera kupanga feteleza musanafike chisanu.
Ngati mumakhala m'dera lachisanu ndi chiwiri, ndiye kuti mwina mwezi wa October kapena theka lachiwiri. Ngati mu gawo lalikulu la dziko - kumayambiriro kwa November. Kum'mwera, ngati gawo la dera lino silinatenthe, manyowa okoma chitumbuwa ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira.
Kudyetsa yamatcheri m'dzinja akhoza kuchitidwa ntchito zonse mchere mchere ndi organic feteleza. Choposa zonse ndi kugwirizana kwa onsewa.
Manyowa opangira, omwe makamaka ali humus ndi kompositi, ndibwino kuti mugwe pansi pansi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, dothi lomwe liyenera kuwaphimba liyenera kukhala losachepera 20 centimita. Izi ndi zofunika kuti ngakhale palibe chisanu, feteleza sichikumbidwa ndi zinyama kapena sizikuwombedwa ndi mphepo.
Ndiponso, pozama, adzayamba kuwonongeka mofulumira ndipo mwinamwake adzagwa pamtengo wa chitumbuwa chokoma. Ngati mulibe feteleza pamwambapa, peat ikhoza kukhala m'malo abwino. Ndipotu, imakhalanso ndi chilengedwe, chophatikizapo zotsalira zowonongeka, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zitsamba zamchere.
Pakati pa mchere feteleza mu kugwa ndi bwino kuwonjezera superphosphates ndi urea ku nthaka kuzungulira yamatcheriomwe ndi chonyamulira cha nayitrogeni. Kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsa ntchito mchere wothira feteleza, wamaluwa amangowawaza iwo pa kukumba nthaka. Komabe, m'malo owuma a dothi lachilengedwe sangakhale okwanira kuthetsa makungwa amchere.
Choncho, ndi bwino kuti musapsekeze ndikusungunula feteleza m'madzi, ndikutsanulirani chitumbuwa. Sizingatheke kuti tigwiritse ntchito feteleza zochuluka kwambiri, chifukwa ngati mankhwala amatha kuwotcha mizu. Ndalama zawo zidzadalira pa nthaka, koma sizivomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito magalamu 200 a fetereza iliyonse pa 1m2.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kuthirira pa ozungulirastolomom circle, ndiko kuti, mizu yochuluka bwanji yomwe imatha kulandira feteleza.
Malangizo ofunikira kwambiri ndi akuti palibe njira iliyonse yomwe feteleza iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa tsinde la mtengo wa chitumbuwa.
Ndiponsotu, pansi pa boyi ndi mizu yambiri, yomwe imanyamula zakudya zokha ku mtengo, koma satha kuzigwira. Choncho, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zonse feteleza ndi mineral feteleza kuzungulira phokoso la pafupi-mbiya, pamtunda wa mamita 0.7-1 kuchokera pamtengo wamtengo.
Nthaka imamasula - phindu ndi malangizo otsogolera
Ntchito yaikulu yomwe amachitira alimi, kukumba nthaka yozungulira chitumbuwa chokoma mu kugwa, ndiko kudzaza ndi mpweya wofunikira pa mizu. Ndiponso chifukwa cha kukumba, Nthaka imatha kupyolera madzi mopyolera bwino, ndipo silingathe kupirira kwambiri m'nyengo yachisanu pansi pa chikoka cha chisanu.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi kungapangidwe kumbali yonse ya mzere wozungulira, ndipo uli ndi nthaka yonse m'deralo pansi pa nthunzi yakuda. Muyeso yoyamba, kutalika kwa mzere wa pafupi-tsinde chaka chachiwiri mutabzala kudzayenera kukhala osachepera mita imodzi. Chaka chilichonsemalo ndi kukula kwa chitumbuwa chokoma, bwalo ili liyenera kuwonjezekakutambasula ndi mamita 0,5. Pamphepete mwa gudumu lapafupi, m'pofunikira kupanga kuya pafupifupi masentimita asanu kuti muwagwiritse ntchito ulimi wothirira ndi feteleza.
Pokumba, kukumba fosholo m'nthaka mozama pafupifupi masentimita 6-8. Koma ngati malo anu akuyendetsedwa ndi dothi lolemera, muyenera kukumba nthaka ndi 8-11 masentimita. Pambuyo pake, ndikofunika kuti mulchke nthaka yonse. Chifukwa cha ichi, nthaka idzakhala hydrated nthawi yayitali.
Pafupi-stem nthaka nthawi zonse ikhoza kukhala pansi pa nthunzi yakuda. Komabe, njira iyi ili ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake.
Mfundo yonse ya izo ndizo Nthaka yotentha yamatcheri imakhala yotentha nthawi zonse, kupatula kumasula, nthaka imatsukidwa bwino ndi namsongole. Chifukwa cha ichi, chinyezi m'nthaka chidzapitirira motalika kwambiri. Choncho, kudzakhala kotheka kumwa madzi okoma kwambiri. Kuonjezerapo, njira iyi ikukuthandizani kuti muzisunga nthawi zonse mpweya wofunikira m'nthaka ndi zotsatira zabwino pazochita za tizilombo.
Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yakuda ya mpweya, nkofunikanso kuganizira zolephera zomwe zingayambitse. Zomwe zimakhalapo m'dera lino la nthaka kuzungulira yamatcheri zingayambitse kuwonetsa kwake. Pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwa namsongole nthawi zonse, kusintha kwa madzi-maonekedwe a nthaka kungathe kuchitika, komanso kuchepa kwa kubereka kwake.
Pofuna kupewa izi, ndibwino kuti tipeze izo pafupipafupi zaka 2-3 ndi kubzala dothi lapafupi ndi nthaka yobiriwira mbewu ndi kulola kuswana namsongole. Mbewu zowonjezera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga mbewu zakuda, popeza zimadzaza nthaka ndi nitrojeni yambiri (idzasintha pafupifupi ma kilogalamu 4 ya humus kapena manyowa). Zotsatira zabwino pa nthaka kulima mpiru, kasupe kugwiriridwa, oats.
Malamulo ndi mawu a kuthirira kwa autumn kokoma yamatulutsa
Ngati kugwa kumadutsa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri ndikusangalala ndi mvula, nthaka m'munda imatha. Komabe, tawonetsa kale momwe izi zingakhudze chitumbuwa chokoma.
Choncho, podzimny kuthirira choncho ayenera kufunika. Pambuyo pake, monga wamaluwa ndi agronomists akunena, ngati dothi lathyoledwa mozama 1.5-2 mamita, ndiye kuzizira kwake m'nyengo yozizira kuli pafupi kuthetsa, zomwe zidzasunga mizu ya mtengo. Choncho, ngakhale mumakhala mvula yambiri, mukhoza kungoyang'ana momwe nthaka imakhalira ndi kukonza vuto lanu nokha.
Ngati simunakhale ndi mwayi kapena nthaka simukufunikira kuthirira nthawi zonse m'chilimwe, ndiye m'dzinja, mpaka 100 malita a madzi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa 1m2 ya bwalo la yamatcheri; (mwachitsanzo, mpaka ndowa 10).
Ngati nyengo itatha, dothi lauma kotheratu mpaka mamita 0.6-0.7, ndiye kuti madzi ambiri adzafunika. Pa nthawi yomweyo, m'nyengo yozizira, chitumbuwa sichidzatha kugwiritsa ntchito chinyezi chonse chomwe chinayambira m'nthaka, choncho masika sichidzawoneka kuti imwe - mtengowo udzakhala ndi madzi okwanira kuti alowe bwino.
Kuthirira chitumbuwa isanayambe kumatha kokha pa mitundu ina ya nthaka.. Madzi oterewa amapindula mtengo ngati chitumbuwa chikukula m'nkhalango, mchenga kapena podzolic. Ngati dothi liri ndi dothi lochuluka, ndipo ngakhale lili m'madera otsika - ndibwino kukana gawo ili la chisamaliro cha yamatcheri.
Ndikofunika kuti mtundu uwu wa ulimi wothirira uchitidwa limodzi ndi kudyetsa yamatcheri okoma. Ngati, mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, mutathirira nthaka, ndiye kuti zakudyazo zimatha kulowera mofulumira ku mizu ya mtengowo. Komanso, musaiwale kuti muzitha kudula nthaka. Izi siziyenera kuchitika mwamsanga, koma masiku 2-4 mutatha kuthirira.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu yamatcheri pakati pa gulu
Yophukira mtengo wa chitumbuwa kudulira
Pazitukuko zosiyanasiyana za intaneti za wamaluwa ndi zolembedwa zapadera zomwe zimayikidwa pazomwe zimalima ndi kusamalira yamatcheri, malingaliro osiyana amasonyezedwa ngati n'zotheka kapena kosatheka kutchera mtengo uwu m'dzinja.
Otsutsa amanena kuti mochedwa kudulira pamaso pa chiyambi cha chisanu kungangowononga yamatcheri okoma. Pambuyo pake, mtengo uwu sungathe kuumitsa msanga mabala ake, ndipo pakakhala palibe zofunikira zimapweteka.
Makamaka minofu ya nkhuni ikhoza kufota, zomwe zidzapangitsanso makungwa, ndipo kenako - zipatso zowola. Ngakhale ma robot kuchotsa nthambizo ndi kuzigwira, ndiye kuti magawo odulidwa ayenera kutsukidwa ndi munda wa mpeni, ndiyeno amachizidwa ndi munda wamaluwa.
Kumbali ina, ndendende mu kugwa, mungathe kuchotsa mosamala nthambi zonse zakuwonongeka ndi matenda, kuchepetsa, motero, kuthekera kwa kufalitsa matenda onse mumtengo. Pambuyo pa kudulira, pambali iyi, nthambi zonse zakutali ziyenera kutenthedwa pamodzi ndi masamba ogwa.
Kupanga korona wa mtengo wachinyamata
Zokha yamatcheri akhoza kupanga bwino. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa wophunzira wamkulu. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti ndi masentimita 20 patsogolo pa nthambi zonse. Choncho, ndi kofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzitha kuyendetsa kutalika kwake, komanso kuti muzitha kusintha kutalika kwa nthambi zotsalazo. Kutalika kwakukulu kumakhala nthambi zotsika, ndipo yaifupi kwambiri - pamwamba pake (ndithudi, onse koma otsogolera).
Ndi cholinga chokonza korona ndikulimbikitsidwa kudulira m'nyengo yozizirapamene mtengo uli pogona. Choncho, pakutha mvula, imatha kuyimitsa malo owonongeka.
Momwe mungatetezere yamatcheri ku matenda ndi makoswe mu kugwa
M'dzinja ndikofunika kwambiri kuthana ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana ndi matenda omwe mtengo umachokera. Choncho, simungapweteke kapena kuwononga kukula kwa chipatso cha mtengo, ndipo simungasokoneze nyengo yachisamalidwe ya mtengo wa chitumbuwa.
Kuonjezerapo, panthawiyi makoswe osiyanasiyana ayamba kugwira ntchito, zomwe zingathe kuwononga kwambiri pa zipatso za zipatso za chitumbuwa. Ngati pali mitengo ina m'munda yomwe yathandizidwa ndi matenda, ndi kofunika kwambiri kuchita nawo njira zomwezo, monga matendawa angathe kufalikira ku cherries okoma.
Timateteza chitumbuwa kuti tisatenthe ndi dzuwa
Kuti makungwa a yamatcheri asasokonezedwe ndi dzuwa m'nyengo yozizira, pamene njira zamkati za mtengo zimayima ndipo zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, zitsulo zina ziyenera kutengedwa. Ngati tikukamba za sapling yaing'ono yamatcheri - yake thunthu ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi matabwa osiyanasiyana. Monga mtengo wawukulu, ndi waung'ono woyeretsedwa mothandizidwa ndi kupaka, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi. Ndi ichi, mtengo sudzangotetezedwa ku dzuwa, komanso kuchokera ku tizirombo zosiyanasiyana.
Yophukira chisanu - momwe mungapulumutsire chitumbuwa chokoma?
M'dzinja frosts ndizoopsa kwambiri mitengo yaing'ono yomwe idabzalidwa kasupe. Choncho, mu kugwa, nthawi yomweyo masamba asagwa, ndi bwino kuti amangirire choncho burlap nkhuni. Thunthu la mtengo ndi lofunika kwambiri kuti likhale ndi mulch limene silingangopeze madzi m'nthaka, koma lidzasungunukanso.
Ngati muli ndi nthawi yokathira chitumbuwa m'kupita kwa nthawi, izi zidzathandizanso mtengo wosagwira ntchito motero, chifukwa zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri ku nyengo yovuta.
Mbande zidzawononga mtengo pang'ono ngati malo oti mubzala adasankhidwe molondola. Makamaka, popanda mphepo yamkuntho, ngati mtengo uli pamalo osasangalatsa komanso osawoneka bwino, chiwonongeko cha chisanu chimachepetsedwa.
Kuteteza chitetezo ku tizirombo ndi matenda
Pofuna kuteteza chitumbuwa chochokera ku tizirombo m'chaka, choyamba ndi chofunikira kwambiri chotsani nthambi zonse zowonongeka ndi nthambizomwe zawonongeka ndi matenda kapena tizirombo. Ngati zatenthedwa - kufalikira kwa matenda kudzaimitsidwa.
Koma ngozi yaikulu kwambiri yamatcheri nthawiyi ndi mbewa ndi makoswe ena, omwe amayesetsa kudya mokoma makungwa ake okoma. Choncho, mwamsanga mutatha kukolola kuchokera kumunda wonse, ndiko kuti, m'dzinja, tikulimbikitsidwa kufufuza gawo lonse la munda kuti tipeze mink wa tizirombozi.
Kuphimba poizoni zomwe zingawawononge. Makamaka, nyambo monga Malo Oyera ndi Mphepo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda.
Kuphika chitumbuwa chokoma m'nyengo yozizira
Ndipotu, njira zonsezi ndizomwe zikuchitika osati cholinga chokhalira kukula kwa chitumbuwa chokoma komanso ntchito yake yofunikira, komanso kukonzekera mtengo m'nyengo yozizira. Pambuyo pake, mitundu yambiri yamatcheri okoma amakhala otsika kwambiri kwa chisanu, ndipo amatha kuvutika kwambiri ndi iwo.
Choncho, isanayambike nyengo yozizira, mtengo uyenera kukhala wothirira madzi, nthaka imasulidwa ndi mosamala. Ndikofunikira kumangiriza mtengo woponyera pamtengo makamaka kukumba pafupi.. Chifukwa cha izi, kudzakhala kotheka kuti musadandaule kuti mtengo udzatha kuchokera ku chisanu cha chisanu, kapena pansi pa chipale chofewa m'chilimwe.
Pambuyo chipale chofewa pansi, ndikofunika kukulunga thunthu la mtengo ndi kuwombera mwatcheru pamtengo wamtengo. Izi zimathandiza kuti nthaka isamazizidwe ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.
