Mitengo ya mphesa imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kokoma ndi mawonekedwe okongola.
Sizingatheke kudutsa masango opsa kucha popanda kuika mabulosi mkamwa mwako.
Ndipo mtundu wa amber ndi chidwi chodabwitsa cha zipatso zazikulu za "Alyosha" sizidzasiya aliyense wosasamala.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Mphesa "Aleshenkin" ingapezenso pansi pa dzina lakuti "Alyosha" kapena "Ayi 328". Ndizotipatsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha viticulture, muzolawa komanso m'thupi lake. Zimachokera ku kudula mungu wosakaniza kuchokera ku mitundu ya kummawa ndi mphesa "Madeleine Anzhevin", yomwe idatenga makhalidwe ambiri oyenera.
Zotsatira zam'kalasi
Mitengo imakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu. Masamba a mawonekedwe apakati, mtundu wakuda wobiriwira ndi udzu wobiriwira pakati, amasiyana ndi mitundu ina mu mawonekedwe asanu. Nthawi zambiri, mphukira ili ndi inflorescences. Maluwa okwatirana. Zipatso zapatso pa mpesa zimayikidwa chaka ndi chaka. Cuttings imachokera bwino pamalo atsopano ndipo mwamsanga mizu. Mphukira imakhala ndi ukalamba wabwino, ndipo manja a mphesa amakhala ndi fruiting kwa zaka 6.
Mabungwe
Magulu a zosiyanasiyana ameneŵa nthawi zambiri amakhala nawo mawonekedwe ofananakawirikawiri nthambi, pang'ono zovuta. Kulemera kwake ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, zitsanzo zina zimafika pa kilogalamu ziwiri, pamene kulemera kwa gulu lalikulu ndi pafupifupi 500g. Kulemera kwake kwa mabulosi ndi 4.5g. Mitengo ya mtundu wa amber wowala, ndi phula pang'ono, yokutidwa, pang'ono.
Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, yokoma, kukoma kokoma ndi crispy. Shuga wothira madzi amakafika 20%, acidity - 7g / l. Malingana ndi chilakolako chokoma, kuwerengeka kwa kukoma kwa Aleshenkin kumafikira mfundo 8.8. Sanuzani mphesayi ili ndi 40% ya zipatso popanda mbewu.
Pereka
Mphesa yamtundu uwu ndi ya mitundu yokwezeka kwambiri. Ndi chitsamba chimodzi chachikulu chingathe kusonkhanitsa mpaka makilogalamu 25 a zipatso zopsa. Kuti mtengo wa mpesa ukhale wolimba chaka ndi chaka, nkofunikira kutsata malamulo onse oyang'anira chisamaliro, chomwe tidzakambirana pansipa.
Kutseka kwa nthawi
Mphesa "Aleshenkin" imatanthawuza mitundu yoyambirira, nyengo yake yakucha siidapitirira masiku 118 ndi CAT ya pafupifupi 2000 ° C (chiwerengero cha kutentha kwakukulu ndikutentha kwa kutentha kwa tsiku lonse kwa gawo lina la nyengo). Kawirikawiri, zokolola zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kale kuyambira masiku otsiriza a July mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Maluso
Zopindulitsa zazikulu za "Aleshenkin" zosiyanasiyana ndizobala zipatso, zodabwitsa kukoma, pang'ono mbewu mu zipatso, zabwino rooting wa cuttings ndi kucha kucha kwa mpesa ngakhale m'zaka zoipa.
Kuipa
Zovuta zazikulu za "Aleshenkin" ndizochepa kuteteza chisanu cha tsinde la mphesa, lomwe liri pansi. Nchifukwa chake mitunduyi imalimbikitsidwa katemera kuti asapangidwe ndi masana. Koma mbali ya mpesa, yomwe ili pamwamba pa nthaka pamwamba, ili ndi kulekerera mokwanira kwa chisanu cha chisanu. Maburashi okwera amakhala ndi nthenda yochuluka ya mtola ndipo amayenera kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kukula kokondweretsa. Ali ndi matenda oopsa a matendawa.
Zotsatira zofika
Ngakhale mphesa zimaonedwa kuti ndizodzikuza zomwe zingamere mkhalidwe wosiyana, komabe, ziyenera kuonetsetsa kuti chitsambachi amakonda malo otentha ndi ofunda, komanso, amachitira bwino chinyezi m'nthaka. Inde, kuthengo, mbeuyi ikukula pa nthaka yosauka, koma ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa zokolola zanu komanso moyo wanu wautali pamunda wanu wamphesa, zidzakuthandizani kufufuza nthaka musanadzale zipatso.
Ndizofunikira kuti mudziwe bwinobwino zomwe mukupanga, chifukwa mcherewu ndi wofunikira kwambiri kuti kukula kwa munda wamphesa. Ngati Ngati nthaka ili ndi dothi lochulukakenaka padzafunika madzi okwanira owonjezera, koma ngati malowa amapezeka pa tsamba, ndiye kuti nthakayi iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi mchenga. M'madera okhala ndi mchenga wochulukirapo amayamba kusakaniza mu kompositi kapena humus.
Zomwe muyenera kuzipewa - izi ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Zikatero, mphesa zimafa.
Tachita nawo nthaka, tsopano ndi nthawi yosankha khalani pamalo omwe munda wamphesa udzasweka. Njira yabwino ingakhale malo otsetsereka akuyang'ana kum'mwera kapena kumwera-kumadzulo. Ngati palibe njira yoti mutenge mipesa, sankhani malo pafupi ndi khoma la nyumbayo.
Nyumba yomangidwa ndi mwala idzakupatsani mpweya wabwino kwa munda wampesa. Saloledwa kubzala baka m'madera okhala ndi madzi apansi ndi ozizira mphepo. Pamene chiwembu ndi malo odzala munda wamphesa atsimikiziridwa, zimayenera kukonzekera nthaka. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukumba m'deralo kwa milungu iwiri musanafike, komanso nthaka ndi acidity yambiri yokhazikika ndi mandimu (200g / 1kv.m chiwembu).
Popeza gawo lina la mphesa "Aleshenkin" limalekerera kwambiri chisanu, imayenera kubzalidwa m'matumba osagwira chisanu ndi kubzala masika, kuti mpesa ukhale wolimba m'nyengo yozizira pamalo atsopano ndipo mizu ya chitsamba idzakula bwino. Choncho, kale kutenthetsa, dothi limatenthedwa ndi kukonzeka, malo amasankhidwa, mungathe kuyamba ndi kubzala baka.
• Tidzayamba kukonzekera mabowo a cuttings, omwe akulimbikitsidwa ndi 85-85-85 cm;
• Timatsanulira madzi mumphepete mwachitsulo, zomwe zingakhale ndi miyala, miyala kapena miyala yochepa. Kukula kwake kwa madzi ndi masentimita 10, koma kungakhale kochuluka ngati madzi apansi ali pafupi;
• Pakatikati mwa dzenje lomwe timakonza chithandizo (nkhono kapena kuwonjezera mphamvu), tchulani madzi osanjikiza ndi nthaka ndi feteleza molingana ndi: ndowa zitatu kapena manyowa / 100 g wa potaziyamu mchere / phulusa laling'ono / 300 g ya superphosphates;
• kuthirani madzi otsetsereka;
• Timadzaza ndi dziko lapansi kudzaza 1/3 m'matope;
• Pafupi ndi msomali timapanga mtunda wa dziko lapansi ndikukayika sapling;
• Timayendetsa mizu pansi pa dimple ndikuyikweza pamwamba ndi pansi kuti msinkhu wa katemera kapena malo a nthambi ya mphukira uli wamtalika masentimita atatu pamwamba pa nthaka;
• mosamala, kuti musayambe kuwononga mizu, yonganizani pansi ndi manja anu;
• kamodzinso madzi ambiri;
• tchani nthaka ndi peat kapena humus.
Posankha mphesa kuti mubzalidwe, samalani tchire limodzi kapena zaka ziwiri ndi thanzi labwino, takhazikitsa mizu ndi mphukira zokwanira. Musanadzalemo, kuchepetsani mizu yayikulu pansi pa mmera mpaka masentimita 15. Ndi mizu yosagwira bwino ntchito njira yolowerazomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumera. Dulani nyemba yokha, kusiya masamba okwana anai aakulu kwambiri.
Ikani chitsamba chokonzekera chodzala mu chidebe ndi madzi. Popeza mphesa "Aleshenkin" sizimalekerera chisanu kumunsi kwa chitsamba, ndibwino kuti iye azikumba groove mpaka 50 cm mozama. Choncho, gawo la pansi pa mphesa ndi mizu lidzakula bwino ndipo sichidzazizira kwambiri. Onetsetsani kuti mtunda wa pakati pa mbewu unali pafupifupi 1.5m, ndi mtunda pakati pa mizere ya mphesa - mpaka 2m.
Ngati mphesa zimabzalidwa pakhomopo la nyumbayo, mtunda wochokera kumtunda kupita kumera umaloledwa kukhala pafupifupi 50 cm, ngati madzi akutuluka padenga sanagwe pa tchire. Ndi kukula kwa mphesa, kukwera kwa mphukira kumayikidwa pa mpanda wopangidwa.
Tsiku lofika
Kubzala nthawi ya mphesayi ndibwino kusankha kasupe. Ndikofunikadi kuyembekezera kuti pakhale chiwembu chowuma kale ndi kutentha. Kum'mwera ndikofika pa 15 May, ndipo kumpoto, patapita nthawi pang'ono, kumapeto kwa May.
Chisamaliro
Kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka ndi zathanzi za mphesa, ndikofunika kukonza bwino chisamaliro cha mpesa. Nazi zina mwazinthu:
1. Zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhala zosavuta kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa silingalekerere chisanu;
2. Kufuna kuthira mbewu;
3. amafunika chitetezo chowonjezereka ku matenda opatsirana ndi tizirombo;
4. amasankha kasupe kubzala mitengo;
5. Akusowa kudulira kwautali kapena kwapakati;
6. Monga mitundu ina ya mphesa, imakhala yofuna dothi la chinyezi komanso zakudya zina.
Kuthirira
Mutabzala, sapling imasowa madzi okwanira kuti mizu ifike mofulumira m'malo atsopano. Izi zikachitika, chinyontho chowonjezera sichifunikanso.
Ndi madzi ochulukirapo m'nthaka, zipatso za manja zimayamba kuphulika, zomwe zimawononga maonekedwe awo ndi malonda awo.
Madzi otsirizira omaliza, omwe amatchedwa chinyezi, amachitika mu kugwa, atatha kukolola, potero akukonzekera mpesa kwa hibernation.
Pofuna kukonza chinyezi ku mizu, malo ochepa akhoza kumangidwa, ndiye chinyezi sichidzafalikira kuzungulira chitsamba. Ngati, kuwonjezera apo, pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira, kumasula nthaka, izi zidzakuthandizani kupeza mpweya wabwino ndi kusunga chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mukamakonzekera kuthirira muyenera kuzindikira zinthu izi:
• Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi mvula m'deralo;
• kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku;
• mchere wothira nthaka;
• kuyandikana ndi madzi apansi.
Pokumbukira zonsezi, zitha kuganiza kuti tchire zomwe zimabzalidwa pamphepete mwa mchenga zimamwetsedwa mobwerezabwereza, ndipo mphesa zimakula pa dothi lolemera - mocheperapo komanso ndi madzi ambiri.
Mulching
Kodi mulching wa nthaka ndi yani ndipo ndi chiyani? Ngati mukufuna
• kuteteza mizu ya shrub ndi chisanu;
• kumathandizira kuti zakudya za mpesa zikhale bwino;
• Sungani chinyezi m'mizere ya mizu;
• kuletsa kapena kuteteza kukula kwa udzu;
• pamtunda kumene shrub ikukula, kuchepetsa leaching ya nthaka mozungulira;
• kulepheretsa mapangidwe aakulu a mtengo, chifukwa amalephera kupeza mpweya wabwino ku mizu;
• Kuteteza mizu ndi gawo la pansi pa mphesa pozizizira panthawi yozizira, kenaka gwiritsani ntchito dothi la mulching.
Mitundu ya spruce ndi pinini, yomwe imatetezera kwambiri chisanu, imayambitsa mpweya wambiri pansi pa pogona, zomwe zimateteza mabakiteriya ndi nkhungu pamphesa, zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mulch.
Komanso, feteleza zokometsera (manyowa ovunda, humus ndi kompositi) ndi oyenerera, kupatsanso feteleza ku mizu ya mbeu m'nyengo yozizira, masamba osagwa (ngati alibe matenda ndi tizirombo), udzu wouma, peat crumb, utuchi, bango ndi zina . Kuphatikizira kumatha kuphatikizidwa (kuphatikizapo mitundu ingapo ya zipangizo) ndi mofanana.
• Ndikofunika kudziwa, mulching ali ndi mavuto nthawi zina. Ngati munasankha udzu kapena utuchi ngati utukuta, ziyenera kukhala kompositi pasadakhale. Apo ayi, chakudya chochuluka mwa iwo chidzawonjezera kudya kwa nayitrojeni m'nthaka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Potero amaletsa mizu ya chofunikira ichi. Kuonjezeranso zina zambiri za feteleza feteleza zidzathandizanso pa nkhaniyi.
Alimi odziwa bwino amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mulch pachaka, chifukwa pamwamba pa nthaka nthaka imawonekera kwambiri: kutentha kumasintha, kuuma, chisanu ndi mphepo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi yotentha, mulch amasakaniza pa chiwembu ndi dothi la pafupi-mbiya, ndipo pokonzekera chitsamba m'nyengo yozizira, imalowa m'dothi la pamwamba, motero kumapangitsa kuti zakudya zikhale bwino.
• Chifukwa Chinthu chachikulu cha mulching ndi kuteteza kuyanika kwa nthakaIzi zikutanthauza kuti sikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yaulimi panthaka yowonongeka kwambiri. Ntchito yake imakhala yabwino kwambiri m'malo ouma kwambiri, komanso mchenga ndi mchenga wouma.
Kutha
Pofuna kupewa chisanu cha mpesa, chiyenera kuphimbidwa. Zida zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zoyenera kuchita izi: zida zakale, mafuta, nthaka, utuchi, nsalu, etc. Njira yabwino yokhalamo ndi mapaini ndi nthambi za spruce, zomwe zimapereka mpweya wosasunthika, zomwe siziwatsogolera mphesa ndipo, panthawi yomweyo, zimayambitsa chitsamba.
Kudulira
Kudulira mitengo ya mphesa zosiyanasiyana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutalika kwa 8-10 masamba, nthawi zina kudulira kwa mphukira ndi 5-6 masamba nthawi zina amaloledwa. Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri, ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka. Zomwe mphukira zofooka zonse ndi mapasa amawombera amadulidwa.
Feteleza
Manyowa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza ndi amchere (potashi mchere ndi superphosphate) ndi organic (phulusa, kompositi ndi humus). Kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zabwino, ndi bwino kudyetsa feteleza zamadzimadzi pa ulimi wothirira. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mizu ndi masamba a foliar.
N'zosangalatsanso kuwerenga za zabwino mphesa zoyera
Chitetezo
Popeza mphesa "Aleshenkin" imatha kuchepetsa matenda a fungal, imafuna mankhwala awiri kawiri ndi mawonekedwe a systemic. Monga chitetezo chimatanthawuza kuti mungasankhe kukhala otetezeka kwa anthu, kukonzekera kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi mankhwala - mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Choyipa cha choyamba ndichofunika kwa ntchito yawo ya mlungu ndi mlungu, komanso kubwereza kwa processing of the vine pambuyo mvula, yomwe ndi yokwera mtengo komanso nthawi yotentha. Chosavuta chachiwiri ndi zotsatira zovulaza thupi la munthu. Pofuna kuchepetsa mlingo wa poizoni, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsetsa (IV degree) kukonzekera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Olima ambiri odziwa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a laimu kuti ateteze tchire.
