Imodzi mwa ndiwo zothandiza kwambiri komanso zokoma masamba, ndithudi, ndi phwetekere. Aliyense chilimwe wokhala maloto kukula kukula, minofu, chokoma ndi yowutsa mudyo zipatso. Pamene mukukula tomato mu nyengo yotentha, mbeu ndi yochuluka komanso yapamwamba kwambiri.
Inde, kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino pakukula, zidzakhala zofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo a teknoloji yaulimi.
Kenaka, uzani zinsinsi za kukula kwa tomato komanso zomwe zimasamalidwa m'mabotolo a polycarbonate.
Ubwino wa polycarbonate
Malo obiriwira a polycarbonate amatchuka ndi wamaluwa.Ndipotu, ali ndi ubwino wambiri poyerekezera ndi wamba. Kusiyana pakati pao kungatheke motere.
- Polycarbonate amakulolani kuti mumange wowonjezera kutentha kwa mawonekedwe aliwonse, chifukwa ndi osasinthasintha komanso otanuka, omwe sitinganene za zipangizo zina. Ndi bwino kugwira nawo ntchito, chifukwa imadulidwa mosavuta komanso imawonongeka popanda kuwonongeka.
- Chinthuchi sichimasokoneza ndipo sichimawombera ndi kutentha kwakukulu, mosiyana, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku galasi ndi filimu.
- Malo obiriwira a polycarbonate ndi odalirika komanso otalika - amatha zaka 20. Ngati mawonekedwe a wowonjezera kutentha akuphimbidwa ndi kanema, ndiye kuti ntchito yake yopanda chiwonongeko ndipitirira zaka ziwiri.
Kodi n'zotheka kukula tomato monga choncho?
Imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zothandizira tomato ndi wowonjezera kutentha wopangidwa ndi ma polycarbonate. Ali ndi ubwino wambiri:
Mafunde a dzuwa samatentha kwambiri wowonjezera kutentha, chifukwa mbali zonse za chilengedwecho zimakhala zomveka bwino. Chifukwa cha izi, zomera sizimapsa ndipo mazira a ultraviolet a masewerawa safalitsidwa.- Mapulogalamu amakhalabe wabwino kutentha ulamuliro kwa tomato, molimba kumateteza motsutsana kasupe frosts ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana masoka.
- Maonekedwe okongola.
Mafunde a dzuwa samatentha kwambiri wowonjezera kutentha, chifukwa mbali zonse za chilengedwecho zimakhala zomveka bwino. Chifukwa cha izi, zomera sizimapsa ndipo mazira a ultraviolet a masewerawa safalitsidwa.Zowonongeka zikuphatikizapo nthawi izi:
- M'kupita kwanthawi mtundu wa polycarbonate pa dzuwa umatuluka, ndipo kuonekera kumakhala matope.
- Ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, nkhaniyi imakhala yochepa kwambiri ndipo imakhala yochepa, ngati simukumbukira chinthu ichi pamene mukudula komanso osasungira kufalikira, ndiye kuti mu malo otseka ndi kumapanga kuti wowonjezera kutentha kumatha kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira.
- Kuwombera polycarbonate kuli kosakhazikika.
Ndikofunika. Vuto la kulima tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kungatheke pokhapokha ngati kutentha ndi kutentha kwambiri. Izi ziyenera kutsatiridwa kwambiri.
Zotsatirazi zikhoza kusiyanitsidwa Mbali zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamene mukukula kuti mupeze tomato wabwino:
- Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi pollinating yokha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato.
- Onetsetsani kuti mupite m'chipinda.
- Musalole kuti condensation ipangidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Ndi mitundu iti yosankha?
Posankha mitundu yambiri ya tomato ya carbonate wowonjezera kutentha muyenera kumvetsera makhalidwe awa:
- Kudzipiritsa.
- Kukhoza kukula mu tsinde limodzi.
- Matenda oteteza matenda.
- Mphamvu zosavuta kunyamula chinyezi kwambiri.
Mukhoza kusankha kukula monga tomato wamtali ndi wamtali, oyambirira ndi osakaniza kucha. Zotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu yotsatirayi.
Mikado pinki
Large pinki zipatso (mpaka 600 g) kwa chilengedwe ntchito, chomeracho chifika kufika mamita 2, chimakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri. Ndi chitsamba chimodzi chingathe kusonkhanitsa zipatso zopitirira 5 kg.
Zoumba zoupsa
Zipatso zabwino kwambiri, sing'anga-kakulidwe. Fruiting ndi yaitali komanso yochuluka.
Mfumu ya mafumu
Chipatso chachikuluchi chifikira 1 makilogalamu, chokoma ndi yowutsa mudyo. Kukaniza kuvunda ndi kupweteka kochedwa, kufika pamtunda wa mamita 1.8.
F1 wamng'ono
Mitundu yoyamba ya hybrid, zipatso zofiira, zolemera pafupifupi 100 g. Chitsamba chimakula mpaka 50 - 60 cm mu msinkhu.
Mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri za phwetekere za wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera pa kanema:
Kumayambira pati?
Kale m'dzinja ndi kofunika kuyamba kukonzekera wowonjezera kutentha kwa nthawi yokolola. Mungathe kugawira ntchito yonse mu magawo:
- Pambuyo pa nyengoyi, dongosolo limakhazikitsidwa: nsonga zonse ndi zotsalira za tomato zachotsedweratu.
- Malo onse amatsukidwa ndi madzi (makamaka ndi sopo).
- Chithandizo chikuchitika ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Gawo la ntchito likhoza kuchitika kumapeto, musanayambe kukula tomato, koma muyenera kutsuka wowonjezera kutentha kwa kugwa.
Zokonzekera
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
- Kugwa, nthaka imataya ndi njira yothetsera mkuwa wa sulfate, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo zonse zimakumbidwa.
- M'chaka cha masabata awiri musanadzalemo, dothi liyenera kuchitidwa ndi yankho la mkuwa sulfate, kuwonjezera nkhuni phulusa ndi potaziyamu mchere.
- Dothi limamasula pang'ono ndikupanga mapu, ndikusiya gawo la masentimita 60.
- Patapita pafupifupi sabata, dothi liyenera kuchitidwa chimodzimodzi ndi kukonzekera: "Baikal-M", "Fitosporin" kapena "Trichodermin".
Kufesa mbewu
Ndondomeko:
- Pafupifupi masabata awiri musanafese mbewu za tomato, muyenera kuthira mankhwala mabokosi ndi kuwaza ndi nthaka yokonzeka, ndi bwino kuwatsanulira.
- Musanafese, mbewuzo ziyenera kugwira kwa mphindi 20 mu njira ya Fitosporin-M, ndiyeno mu kukula stimulator (iliyonse).
- Sungani nyembazo muzitsamba zazing'ono (pafupifupi 1.5 masentimita), ponyani bwino ndi nthaka ndikuphimba ndi filimu pamwamba. Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kofunika kukhalabe osachepera madigiri 22.
- Mphukira ikangoyamba kuoneka, kutentha kwa mpweya kumayenera kuchepetsedwa pang'ono (pafupifupi madigiri 18).
- Firimuyo iyenera kutsegulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo mwamsanga pamene mbeu zambiri zimabwera, zithetsani kwathunthu.
- Mu April, kuumitsa kwa mbande kumayamba, zonse zimachitidwa pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba, mawindo amatsegulira kwa kanthawi kochepa, pang'onopang'ono nthawi ino ikuwonjezeka. Tengani mabokosi a mbande pa khonde kapena veranda akhoza kukhala kutentha kunja kwa madigiri 12.
Kusankha
Muyenera kuthamanga pafupifupi sabata (kapena theka ndi theka) mutatha kumera. Kusindikizidwa mu chidebe chachikulu chimachitika mosamala, nthawi zonse ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Kuthirira kumayenera kusamala kwambiri - pansi pazu ndi madzi otentha. Kuthirira kumafunika kukhala kamodzi nthawi iliyonse masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri.
Dyetsani mbande zingakhale pafupi sabata mutatha kusankha. Manyowa ovuta Agricole ndi otchuka kwambiri, ayenera kuthiridwa pambuyo kuthirira.
Kudyetsa ndibwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito chida cha "Athitulutsi" (sichilola kuti zomera zitheke ndi kulimbitsa mizu bwino), kapena "Health", "Fortified", ndi zina zotero.
Momwe mungasinthire mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Amayamba kuika ku wowonjezera kutentha kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, pamene kutentha kwa nthaka (mkati) kumakhala pafupifupi madigiri 15. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi maonekedwe awo:
- Kuzimitsidwa (ndi tsinde limodzi) Zomera zimabzalidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 25 pakati pa mzake, pakati pa mizera - 45 cm.
- Kupitilizidwa (mwamphamvu nthambi) Zitsamba zimamera bwino (40 mpaka 40 cm).
- Wamtali Momwemonso, tomato iyeneranso kubzalidwa mozungulira, koma mtunda pakati pa mizere iyenera kukhala osachepera 75 cm, ndipo pakati pa tchire - pafupifupi masentimita 60.
Ndondomeko yozizira idzachitika motere: Mbewu iliyonse imatulutsidwa pamodzi ndi chivundikiro cha nthaka ndikupita mu dzenje (lomwe kale linakhetsedwa ndi madzi).
Chenjerani! Sizingatheke kukweza kwambiri tchire, koma chotheka chiri chotheka chifukwa cha zomera zowonjezereka.
Gawo lalikulu la kulima kuchokera ku A mpaka Z
Zigawo zazikulu zikhoza kusiyanitsidwa motere:
- Kufesa mbewu.
- Kukula mbande.
- Thirani mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha.
- Kujambula tomato ndikuwongolera.
- Kusakaniza phwetekere.
- Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa.
- Kukolola ndi kusungirako.
Zofunikira
Chinyezi
Mpweya wobiriwira uyenera kukhala wokwanira mpweya nthawi ndi nthawi kuti pasapezeke chinyontho, chitha kuwononga tomato. Kusunga chinyezi chiyenera kukhala pamsinkhu wa 65 - 75%.
Kutentha
Mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha, kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa mkati madigiri 20-22 ndi apamwamba kwambiri (ndi madigiri 3-5) pa maluwa nthawi ya tomato.
Mungathe kusintha kutentha kwapamwamba ngati pakufunika:
- kupyolera mu mpweya;
- nthaka yotentha (pogwiritsa ntchito zofunda);
- mpweya wotentha - mungathe kuyika chimango pazomerazo ndi kutambasula filimuyo, motero kukulitsa kutentha.
Masking
Pysynki iyenera kuchotsedwa, chifukwa chifukwa cha iwo chomeracho chimangowonjezera mphamvu. Mbali izi zimachokera ku zitsamba zowonjezera zimatha kukula kwambiri, mthunzi wonse shrub ndi kuchepetsa kucha kwa tomato. Ndibwino kuti mutenge m'mawa, kutalika kwa nthambi kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 8. Mukhoza kuchotsa ndi lumo, kapena mungathe kungotsitsa ndi dzanja lanu.
Kuunikira
Malo odyera a polycarbonate ali ndi ulemu wapamwamba - ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira. Koma kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kufotokozera koteroko sikukwanira, Kwa tomato, tsiku lowala liyenera kukhala maola 12-15. Choncho, ndi bwino kukhazikitsa zowonjezera kuunikira, ndikusankha nyali popanda kuwala.
Zinsinsi za zokolola zabwino
Kukula kwa tomato m'mikhalidwe yotereyi kumakhala kosavuta kumvetsa.
Zinsinsi zopezera zotsatira zoyenera:
- Kuti musankhe malo abwino oti malo azikhalamo, sayenera kugwedezeka ndi nyumba ndi mitengo.
- Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzipukuta makoma a wowonjezera kutentha kuchokera ku condensate.
- Sankhani mbewu yabwino.
- Ndikofunikira kuchiza ndi kupiritsa mankhwala m'nthaka komanso pamalo onse.
- Khalani ndi microclimate yabwino.
Chotsatira chake, tingathe kuganiza kuti kulima tomato mu malo obiriwira a polycarbonate, ndithudi, ndi njira yovuta kwambiri. Koma atalandira zokolola zoyambirira za tomato zawo zokoma, ndizosatheka kusiya njirayi. Pachifukwachi, ndi bwino kusankha mbeu molondola, kusinthanitsa ndi mbande ndikuchita zonse zofunikira za agrotechnical.
