Maluva ndi maluwa osatha kumera pafupi nyengo zonse. Mababu akulu amatulutsa masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira komanso masamba amodzi akuda. Mtundu wa pamakhala umasiyana kuchokera pakuyera koyera mpaka utoto wakuda ndi burgundy. Mwa maluwa, pali mitundu iwiri: kasupe ndi yophukira.
Primroses sakhala yowoneka bwino komanso yosangalatsa m'maso, chipale chofewa chikangogwa. Mitundu yamaluwa mochedwa ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtunda, kutentha kwa dothi komanso kuvala kwapamwamba. Kubzala ndi kusamalira mbewu kumafuna chidziwitso ndi luso la mlimi. Musanabzale zowala panokha kapena nyumba, ndibwino kuti mudzidziwe mwatsatanetsatane ndi mawonekedwe amitundu ingapo, zanzeru zakukula komanso nthawi yabwino yobzala maluwa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Si onse ng'ona amene amatulutsa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mitundu ina imaphukira pomwe mitengo idayamba kale masamba, ndipo masamba ambiri azomera azomera kale adaola ndipo afota. M'dera limodzi, mutha kuphatikiza mitundu yonse iwiri. Kenako makapu achifundo adzakumana ndi kasupe woyembekezeredwa kwanthawi yayitali, kenako nkuwona chilimwe.
Mitundu yomwe imakonda kwambiri wamaluwa imasonyezedwa patebulopo.
| Nthawi yamaluwa | Dzina la Crocus | Kufotokozera |
| Kasupe | Kasupe | Lilac yofewa, nthawi zina yomwe imakhala ndi duwa lofiirira, nthawi zambiri imapezeka munyengo zamtchire za Alps. Odziwika kwambiri ndi mbiri: Nigro nkhondo ndi Mbiri rekodi, Klaus, Pickwick. |
| Maluwa awiri (Scottish) | Mitundu yoyera kuchokera ku yoyera mpaka yabuluu yokhala ndi mitsempha yakuda. Ochita maluwa amakonda hybrids: Alexandri, Parkinson, Dorothy, Albus ndi Fairy. | |
| Korolkova | Mitambo ya lalanje yowala yokhala ndi mitsempha yofiira imasiyanitsa mitundu iyi ya Central Asia. Kuswana kwa ma hybrid kunkachitika mwachangu ku Soviet Union, chifukwa chake ali ndi mayina awa: Ulemerero kwa Samarkand, Kiss of Spring, Tiger. | |
| Wachifwamba | Ziphuphu zinazimiririka kunjako, zoyera mkati mkati mwake ndi chikasu chachikasu. | |
| Wofinya | Maluwa okonda kutentha ndi owoneka bwino a utoto wamitundu itatu wokhala ndi pakati. Obereketsa amasiyanitsa mitundu: Bowlesis yoyera, Atticus, Tricolor, Prince. | |
| Adamu | Chofunika kuchokera kumapiri a Caucasus, Dagestan ndi Iran. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana. | |
| Tomazini | Gulu lanyama lakuthengo lomwe limakula ku Hungary ndi madera otsika a Yugoslavia. Ziphuphu ndizilac-pinki, zitatsegulidwa, zimakhala ngati nyenyezi. Babu imodzi imatha kutulutsa ma 6 peduncle. Zophatikiza zodziwika bwino: Kukongola kwa Laylek ndi Whitewell Purple, Giant. | |
| Wagolide | Kuthengo, awa ndi ang'ono, masamba osachepera osakhwima omwe amatha kukhazikika lalikulu inflorescence. Kufalikira Mokwanira ku Asia ndi ku Balkan. Oberera adatulutsa ma hybrids okongola okongola: Blue Pearl, Princess Beatrix, Blue Bonnet, Cream Kukongola, Marietta, Violet Queen, Schwanenburg Bronze, Bowels, Nanatt, Lady Killer. | |
| Dutch wamkulu-maluwa | Awa ndi ziphona zenizeni za dziko lapansi za primroses. Mitundu yowala maswiti kuchokera ku chikasu cha mandimu kupita ku utoto wofiirira wa fluorescent. Pali mitundu ingapo yamaluwa amtundu wa masika. Odziwika kwambiri: Albion, Vangard, Jubilee, Sniper Banner, Zonatus, Kathleen Parlow. | |
| Wachikasu | Maluwa ndi odzaza malalanje, masamba ndi ochepa, kumtunda kwa babu kumakwera m'mwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. | |
| Wagwa | Zokongola | Amasiyanasiyana masamba ataliatali mpaka masentimita 30. Utoto wazithunzi zonse zowonekera kuchokera kuzoyera mpaka zobiriwira zakuda. Ma hybrists okondedwa omwe amatchedwa: Albus ndi Artabir. |
| Wokongola | Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu yomwe imakhala ndi makapu oyera oyera oyera okhala ndi mitsempha yakuda kunja kwa mitanda. | |
| Banat | Mitundu yofiirira yakuda yokhala ndi masamba abulidwe obiriwira obiriwira. | |
| Pale ocher | Mafuta okometsedwa mwachidule omwe amakhala pafupi ndi babu. | |
| Blueflower | Zosiyanasiyana za kukongola kosowa ndi inflorescence yofiirira. | |
| Kutalika kwamtunda | Masamba osiyanasiyana atchucha kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. | |
| Yodzaza | Mtundu umodzi wamaluwa omwe amachedwa kwambiri, umatsegula masamba ake koyambirira kwa Novembala. | |
| Saffron | Chimodzi mwamitundu yodula kwambiri, yokongola komanso yabwino. Yofunika ndi fungo lake labwino ndi kununkhira, zomwe ndi zonunkhira zosakanika. |
Tikugonera mu kugwa
Ma Crocuses amabzala m'malo okonzeka nthawi zambiri nthawi yophukira. Komabe, kukafika kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe ndizotheka. Kutengera nyengo ndi nyengo ya mitundu, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo okonzera mababu ndikuwasamalira pambuyo pozika mizu.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbewu
Theka lachipambano pakukula kwa ng'ona amawona ngati chisankho choyenera komanso kukonzekera kubzala. Ndikwabwino kugula mababu kuchokera kwa omwe amapereka odalirika, m'minda yayikulu m'minda kapena m'malo othandizira.
Ogulitsa osakhazikika pamisika ndi ma fairs nthawi zina amapereka mitundu yaying'ono yolima m'malo mwa mitundu yayikulu yayikulu, ndi maluwa ophukira m'malo mwa primroses.
Kuwunika kwa mbewu sikuyenera kuwonetsa chilichonse chowonongeka, zowola, zilonda kapena mabala. Anyezi ndi olimba kukhudza. Kuyambira chaka choyamba, mitundu yayikulu ya maluwa akuluakulu imaphuka bwino kwambiri.
Asanadzalemo, mababu amayenera kukonzedwa mu potaziyamu permanganate kapena ma fungicides amadzimadzi. Izi ziteteza mbande ndi mizu yopyapyala ku matenda a nkhungu ndi corm. Ndikokwanira kugwirizira zomwe zili muchidebe ndi yankho kuyambira mphindi 15 mpaka theka la ola. Tsukani kunja kwa malonda sikufunika.
Madeti obzala masamba
Kubzala pabedi lamaluwa kumachitika mu kugwa, isanayambike nyengo yozizira yoyamba. Kutengera ndi nyengo, Seputembala ndi Okutobala amadziwika kuti ndi miyezi yabwino.
Malo
Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chodzala ng'ona, malo osankhidwa ndi dzuwa amasankhidwa popanda chinyontho. Mutha kuthyola bedi lamaluwa pansi pa mitengo yaying'ono, ngati tikulankhula zamitundu yamitundu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi yogwira ntchito ya zomerazo imagwera m'miyezi imeneyi pomwe masamba alibe.
Ndikofunikira kuti nyumba kapena zokongoletsera sizimapanga mthunzi wowonjezera. Popanda dzuwa lokwanira, masamba sadzatseguka.
Maluwa onenepa, ngakhale amakana kuzizira ndi chipale chofewa, samalekerera mphepo zamphamvu ndi kukonzekera. Ndikwabwino kudziwa kwa iwo magawo apakati pankhaka.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Nyaka zam'madzi zimakonda dothi lotayirira. Maluwa a maluwa awa amafunika kukumba bwino, kuwonjezera kuyambitsa manyowa, kompositi chomera chovunda, mchenga wamtsinje. Ndikofunikira kuti PH isasankhane kumbali ya acid. Crocuses amafa nthaka acidified. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera phulusa pamay dothi.
Ma feteleza a nayitrogeni sagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa ng'ona, koma potaziyamu ndi phosphorous ndizoyenera.
Kuthirira kwambiri komanso kusasunthika kwa chinyezi kuyenera kupewedwa. Munthaka yonyowa, mababu amawola ndikudwala.
Zaka zisanu pambuyo pake, mababu ochulukirapo okhala ndi matambula okhala ndi maluwa amadzaza maluwa. Ndi mbeu zochulukirapo, adzafunika kubzalidwe. Chizindikiro chotsimikizika chakuti ng'ona zimafunika kupatulira ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa calyx.
Kutambalala
Ikayikidwa pamalo otsegulira, mababu amakhala olimba. Kutalika kwa masentimita 3-5 ndikokwanira kuti mbewu zisasokonezane ndikupereka mphukira za mwana wamkazi.
Kukula komwe mbewu imamizidwa kumatengera kukula kwake. Corms zazikulu zimakumbidwa ndi 10-15 masentimita, zitsanzo zing'onozing'ono ndi 5-7. Pakatikati, makulidwe a dothi pamtunda pamwamba sayenera kupitirira 2-3 kutalika kwa babu.
Mutabzala, malowa amadzaza madzi ndi madzi. Kenako duwa lokongoletsedwa limadzaza ndi utuchi, makungwa kapena masamba owuma kuti mbewu zisazizire.
Panjira yapakatikati, kutalika kwa chophimba kuyenera kukhala osachepera 15 cm.
M'madera omwe makoswe amagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndikofunikira kubzala mitengo m'magulu. Pansi pa thankiyo mumadzaza zinthu zofunikira, ndiye kuti dothi lotayirira limayikidwa ndipo mababu amabzalidwa. Amakumba mabowo kuti m'mphepete mwake musakweze pamwamba pa maluwa.
Kuswana
Kufalitsa kwa Crocus kumatheka ndi mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, mabokosiwo amadula mosamala ndikuwuma. Izi zimangothandiza primroses. Chakumapeto kwa yophukira alibe nthawi yoti zipse pakati panjira.
Mbewu imasungidwa mpaka February. M'mwezi watha wozizira, amabzalidwa mumiphika ndi dothi lotayirira. Mbande zimasinthidwa kuti zisagwere mu Meyi, atachotsa chisanu panthaka. Zomera zatsopano zidzaphuka m'zaka 5.
Chifukwa chakufunikira kwa mbewu zazing'ono zazing'ono kuzolowera zachilengedwe ndi chisamaliro, ndikofunikira kuti zizitha kubereka mwaukalamba kudzera mwa mababu a mwana wamkazi.
Kutambalala kumapeto
Chakumapeto kwa Marichi - kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, kubzala mitengo yonyezimira kumayamba, komwe kumatulutsa m'dzinja. Bedi limakonzedwa kuyambira nyengo yozizira yoyamba, imakumbidwa bwino, kuphatikizidwa ndi kuthiriridwa. Chapakatikati, ndikokwanira kumasula pansi musanazule mababu.
Zabzyalidwa chimodzimodzi: mulu, mpaka wokulingana ndi masikono atatu kutalika. Zomera zimaphuka, malinga ndi zikhalidwe zonse, mchaka chodzala.
Komanso m'miyezi yophukira, maluwa amabzalidwa mutatha kuphukira kwanyumba. Ma babu a Crocus ali mumphika wofesedwa mu Januwale-Febere amakusangalatsani ndi maluwa osalala a holide ya eyiti ya Marichi. Ili ndiye mphatso yokhudza mtima komanso yokongola.
Chakumapeto kwa Epulo - kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, pamene mphindi za kuzizira panthaka, duwa litha kuuzika mumsewu. Pamenepo adzamaliza zomaliza zake zamasamba, ndipo chaka chamawa, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, adzaphuka kachiwiri.
A Dachnik adalangiza: njira zothandiza za kukula kwamphaka
Olima maluwa odziwa bwino amadziwa njira zomwe angakwaniritse zaka zowala zazing'ono zazikulutu kwa zaka zingapo. Kuti mbewu zimve bwino, ndikofunikira:
- Dyetsani kawiri pachaka. Kumayambiriro kasupe, malo owonekera bwino dothi, thirirani malo omwe maluwa amakula ndi yankho la urea kapena ammonium nitrate. Mukangotulutsa maluwa kapena mutangochita kumene maluwa, feteleza zovuta za potaziyamu-phosphorous amaperekedwa. Ndikofunikanso kuphatikiza michere yowonjezera ndi ma microelements chifukwa, pambuyo poti yogawika ya babu yapakati, kola itha kukhala yopanda mphamvu zokwanira kutulutsa maluwa. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa nzimbe zomwe zimaphukira mu kugwa.
- Munthawi yogwira maluwa, dulani masamba ophuka. M'malo mwake, atsopano amapanga, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zidzatenga nthawi yayitali.
- Yang'anirani bwino masamba ndi maluwa. Maonekedwe a mawanga amdima ndi zokutira kumamatira zimatha kuwonetsa matenda opindika. Izi zikachitika, chodwala chimawonongeka, ndipo dothi limathiridwa ndi yankho lotentha la potaziyamu permanganate.
- Ikani ndikulima mabowo pokhapokha masamba atagwa ndikugwa, ndipo mbewuyo idakwiririka. Kenako mababuwo amakumbidwa, kuwuma, kusanjidwa ndi kukonzedwa ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndikothekanso kuwafikitsanso m'dontha.
- Kumasulira ndikumasulira duwa, pomwe tikuyesera kuti tisawononge gawo lobisika.
- Thirirani bedi lamaluwa muzaka zowuma za chilimwe, ngakhale mutakhala maluwa. Nthawi yomweyo, pewa kusefukira.
Kuti mupeze kapeti wokongola, maluwa okonda maluwa amasakanirana kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Makapu, zimayambira ndi masamba osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana amapanga chithunzi chamitundu yambiri chomwe chimakondweretsa diso.
