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Cherry

Cherry steppe: makhalidwe, kulima agro-teknoloji, kudulira

Tsamba la chitumbuwa ndilofala m'mayiko omwe kale anali USSR, makamaka ku Russia.

Ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakubereka, komanso imalekerera kutentha komanso kutentha.

M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana mbali zonse za kulima kwake.

Kufotokozera za chitsamba

Nkhumba yamatumbu imakula ngati mawonekedwe a shrub ndipo imatha kufika kutalika kwa mamita awiri.Kowongoka kapena kutsika pang'ono masamba a mtundu wobiriwira kapena wofiirira, masamba obiriwira aatali, mpaka masentimita 8, amakula pa 1.5 masentimita yaitali petioles. mpirawo ukuphwanyidwa, kutalika kwake ndi pafupi mamita 1.

Mukudziwa? Mitengo ya Cherries inapita ku Ulaya zaka 2,000 zapitazo kuchokera ku China ndi ku Caucasus.
Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amamera okha kapena inflorescences, pachimake kumapeto kwa masamba asanabwerere, pakati mpaka 15 stamens alipo, ochulukira pachimake. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pollination iwonongeke, kotero muyenera kudzala yamatcheri angapo.

Mizu yayamba bwino, mizu yayitali, 1.5 mamita akuya, ndi mamita 8 m'lifupi, pafupifupi mamita 0.5 ali pamwamba.

Kufotokozera Zipatso

Zipatso mtengo umene umadya zipatso zambiri kuchokera ku pinki kupita ku mdima wofiira, osapitirira masentimita atatu. Zipatso zimakhala zozungulira, nthawi zina zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, zimakhala ndi khungu lopanda mphamvu, limalemera pafupifupi 3 g iliyonse, zimakula pamphuno zochepa. Mnofu wa chipatsocho ndi wowometsera, kukoma kwake ndi kowawa-kokoma, mkati mwake muli fupa lamoto lozungulira pafupi 5 mm kukula. Kuchokera ku chipatsocho ndi yophika kupanikizana, kupanikizana, compote, kudya mwatsopano.

Pezani mitundu yambiri ya chitumbuwa ndi yayikulu kwambiri.

Makhalidwe apamwamba a mawonekedwe

Anthu omwe adabzala kale chitumbuwa chotere, awonetsetse kuti akutsutsana ndi kutentha kwabwino komanso amatha kukolola zochuluka.

Zima hardiness

The shrub imalekerera chisanu mpaka 50 ° C. Ngakhale kuti mizu yake imatha kuvutika m'mavuto aakulu, imabwerera mwamsanga. Kupulumuka kwa chisanu ndi kutupa masamba amatha kudziwa chitumbuwa.

Ndikofunikira! Cherry steppe ndi yosagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi chisanu cha zomera zonse zopatsa zipatso.

Kulekerera kwa chilala

Chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa mizu, chitumbuwa ichi chimapangitsa nyengo yowuma ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi kufika 20% ndi kutentha kwa mpweya pamwamba +40 ° C.

Kulima ndi Kukolola

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, steppe chitumbuwa imayamba kubala chipatso pa chaka cha 4-5 mutabzala, zipatso zimapitirizabe kucha kwa zaka 35. Kusamba thupi kumachitika kumapeto kwa July. Chitsamba chimodzi chimatha kupanga makilogalamu 11 pa zipatso pa nyengo, ndipo kuchokera ku mahekitala 1 n'zotheka kusonkhanitsa matani khumi a yamatcheri.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya yamatcheri otchedwa steppe

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya ma cherries otchedwa steppe ndi awa:

  • "Bolotovskaya" - zipatso zipse mochedwa, zazikulu, zikhale ndi mdima. Zokwanira m'malo ouma ndi ozizira, korona wokongola. Tchire tating'ono timabereka chipatso cha zaka zitatu za moyo. Simusowa kupulumukira.
  • "Wokondedwa" - Zipatso zimakhala zofiira, kukula kwapakati, kucha mkatikati mwa chilimwe, kumatulutsa maluwa oyambirira, masamba amakhala ndi nsonga zowonongeka, zowononga nthambi, zimalolera chisanu ndi chilala bwino.
  • "Wopatsa" - chitsamba chamtali, chimapindula bwino kwa zaka 32, zipatso zamdima, zofiirira, zokoma, zipse kumapeto kwa chilimwe, zotsutsana ndi chisanu ndi chilala.
  • "Altai amame" - srednerosly chitsamba, amafunika kudulira pachaka, kusagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu chochuluka, kusowa kofiira, zipatso zimakhala zotsekemera, zipsa m'nyengo ya chilimwe, zosungidwa bwino.
  • "Ashinskaya" - Pamwamba, ndi zipatso zazikulu ndi zokolola zochuluka, mutabzala kubzala zipatso kuchokera zaka 4, zoyenera kumadera ouma ndi madera ndi sing'anga frosts, pafupifupi osakhudzidwa ndi bowa.
  • "Maksimovskaya" - Zipatso zazikulu zofiira mkati mwa chilimwe, korona pang'ono, korona wamtundu umodzi, mitengo ikuluikulu, yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi chilala.
  • "Irtysh" - ili ndi nyengo yozizira yolimba yozizira, koma imaletsa chilala molakwika, imafuna pollination, chipatso n'chosavuta, choyenera kwambiri kuti asungidwe kusiyana ndi zakudya zatsopano.
  • "Subbotinsky" - Kutalika kwa chitsamba kufika mamita 2.5 m'lifupi ndi korona wandiweyani, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhudzidwa ndi bowa ndi zofunikira nthawi zonse kudulira, kumapereka zipatso zabwino kwambiri, kukana chilala ndi chisanu ndizomasamba.

Mavuto akukula

Pofuna kuti chitumbuwa cha steppe chipange bwino komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, m'pofunika kusankha malo abwino oti mubzala. Iyenera kuyatsa bwino, popanda drafts, osati lowland, kuti madzi asayime pamenepo.

Chitsamba sichiri chodabwitsa kwambiri pa nthaka, koma zidzakhala bwino ngati mubzala mu nthaka yosalimba, yopanda mchenga.

Dziwani chomwe acidity ya nthaka imatanthauza munda wa munda ndi munda ndi momwe mungazindikire acidity ya nthaka pa chiwembu chanu.

Popeza kuti mitundu yambiri imayenera pollination, yang'anani kukhalapo kwa yamatcheri enaake.

Nthawi yokwanira komanso yovomerezeka kuyendera

Nthawi yabwino yopanga chitumbuwa cha steppe ndi kuyamba kwa April, pamene chisanu chinali chitasungunuka kale. Nthaka imayamba kukumba mpaka masentimita 20 ndipo imamera ndi manyowa, manyowa, phosphate kapena feteleza.

Masabata awiri musanadzalemo, kukumba mabowo mu msinkhu wofanana ndi mizu ya mizu yowongoka, pang'onopang'ono kutayidwa kwa masentimita 10. Mtunda pakati pawo usakhale pansi pa 1.5 mamita. Mchenga ndi peat amathiridwa pansi pa dzenje. Mutabzala, mbande zimathiridwa mochuluka ndipo zimakhala ndi phulusa.

Mukudziwa? Ku United States kuli National Day of Cherry Pie, yomwe imakondwerera pa February 20 (February ndi mwezi wa dziko la yamatcheri). Pa tsiku lino, ndi mwambo kudya mapepala a chitumbuwa ndikuwachitira anzanu.

Mfundo zazikulu mu chisamaliro

Nkhuku yamtengo wapatali sizimafuna kuti muzisamalira, koma popanda izo, zokolola sizidzakhala zolemera, ndipo moyo wa chitsamba ukhoza kuchepetsedwa.

Kuthirira

Pofuna kuteteza mizu kuti ikhale yovunda, imamwa munthu wamkulu amakoka katatu:

  1. Pamene limamasula.
  2. Pamene chipatso chimangirizidwa.
  3. Pamene zipatso zipse.
Kuchuluka kwa madzi pa chitsamba sikuyenera kupitirira 15 malita, pokhapokha padzakhalanso gawo lotentha.

Kudyetsa

Sungani zitsamba bwino mu masika ndi autumn, pamene ziri pogona. Komabe, ena wamaluwa amalimbikitsa feteleza pambuyo maluwa. Mankhwala, humus, phulusa, phosphate, potashi, ndi feteleza a nayitrogeni ndi oyenera kumera feteleza.

Kusamalira dothi

Malo ozungulira shrub ayenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse, opanda namsongole, osalola kuti achotse zakudyazo.

Pofuna kuti nthaka isasungunuke nthawi yaitali, ndipo namsongole amakula kwambiri, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikhale ndi zida zachilengedwe - masamba owuma, utuchi, udzu, etc.

Kudulira ndi kukonza nsonga

Kudulira koyenera kwa korona ndi chitsimikizo cha kukolola bwino, chifukwa sipadzakhalanso kukolola nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Kudulira kumachitika chaka ndi chaka, kuyambira chaka choyamba cha moyo wa chitsamba.

Malamulo oyenera kudulira ndi kupanga chitsamba:

  1. M'nyengo yophukira ndi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, zouma zouma zimakhudzidwa.
  2. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti nthambi zowonjezera zikukula, zidula nsonga zachitsamba.
  3. Kuchokera pansi amasiya nthambi 5 zowonjezereka, zosachepera 3 masentimita pambali.
  4. Nthambi zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimapanga korona wandiweyani, zimafunika kuti zikhale zochepa, mwinamwake zimapanga mthunzi ndipo sizilola kuti zikolole bwino.
  5. Nthambi zakale zimachotsedwanso kale kuposa zaka 8.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukucheka chitsamba, kumbukirani kuti steppe amanyamula mphukira yomwe idakula mu chaka chatha.

Zabwino ndi zamwano

Ubwino kukula steppe cherries:

  1. Kukaniza chisanu ndi chilala.
  2. Palibe chofunika kusamalira mosamala zitsamba.
  3. Kukhumudwa.
  4. Kukolola kolemera.
  5. Zipatso zokoma.
  6. Moyo wautali.
  7. Kuthana ndi kuswana ndi kubereka.
  8. Mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito kukongoletsa malo.

Zinthu zolakwika za zomera zokula:

  1. Zipatso zipse mochedwa ndipo zisasungidwe bwino.
  2. Chitsamba chimayamba kubala zipatso osati zaka zoposa 4 mutabzala.
  3. Korona iyenera kudula nthawi zonse.
  4. Sangathe kuima mthunzi.
  5. Akusowa pollination.
  6. Zimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo, coccomycosis ndi mitsempha.

Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwa wamaluwa omwe amalima yamatcheri pa chiwembu chawo kuti aphunzire momwe chitumbuwa chimathandizira, momwe angakonzekerere zipatso zake m'nyengo yozizira komanso momwe angapangire tiyi ku masamba a chitumbuwa.

Choncho, mutabzala chitumbuwa cha steppe pa chiwembu, simungoyeseketsa, koma mutha kulandira zokolola zambiri. Phindu lalikulu ndi zomera zosadulidwa ndi kuthekera kukula mu chisanu ndi madera ouma. Komabe, musaiwale kukonzetsa shrub ndikuchilandira ku tizirombo ndi matenda.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa