Aliyense amene amalima zomera m'munda kapena m'munda amadziwika ndi sopo wobiriwira. Chida ichi chakhala chikudziwikiratu chifukwa cha chitetezo chake, mogwirizana ndi zinthu zina zotetezera zomera ndi mphamvu zake.
Sopo wobiriwira: kufotokoza ndi kupanga
Kotero, kodi sopo wobiriwira ndi chiyani? Ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira womwe umasakanikirana ndi fungo la sopo, zomwe zimapangidwira kwambiri ndi potaziyamu salt ya mafuta acids. Kusakaniza si sopo moyenerera, koma lili ndi sopo zomatira.
Sopo wobiriwira umaphatikizapo: madzi, masamba a zamasamba ndi mafuta a nyama, amchere a potaziyamu. Kuti apange sopo, zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: mafuta a ng'ombe, mafuta a mutton, mafuta - soya kapena mpendadzuwa.
Sopo wobiriwira
Nchifukwa chiyani tikusowa sopo wobiriwira m'munda ndi m'munda - tiwone momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Zomera zitayambika, malo amapangidwa kuzungulira iwo ndi malo omwe amachitira mankhwala, omwe amalepheretsa chitukuko. Anthu omwe anali pa zomera panthawi yopangidwira amafa opanda mphamvu yodyetsa ndi kubereka. Nchifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Sopo wobiriwira umakhala ndi mafuta ndi salt, zomwe zimaphatikizapo malo onse opangidwa ndi nsalu ndi filimu, kuphatikizapo matupi a tizilombo. Firimuyi salola kuti tizilombo tizilumphire tipume, titaphimba mazira omwe amawaika, imathandizanso kuti mphutsi zisamayambe kukula.
Sopo wamaluwa otentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga prophylactic, kuteteza maonekedwe a tizilombo toyamwitsa.
Mukudziwa? Kulongosola koyambirira kwa kukonzekera kwa sopo, asayansi apeza pa mbale za anthu a ku Sumeriya (2500 BC). Maphikidwe akufotokozera kupanga sopo m'madzi, mafuta a nyama, ndi phulusa la nkhuni.
Sopo wobiriwira: malangizo ogwiritsidwa ntchito
Malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito sopo wobiriwira ndi osavuta. Kukonzekera kosakanizidwa ntchito isanayambe kuyambitsidwa. Kutha kwachithakotheka n'kotheka, koma kumakhala koyenera.
Emulsion imakonzedwa motere: 40 g sopo imayambitsidwa mu lita imodzi ya madzi otentha, ndiye malita awiri a keroseni amawonjezeredwa kwa osakaniza utakhazikika, pamene akugwedeza. Mlingo wa mankhwalawa ndi ofanana ndi kirimu wowawasa. Sopo wobiriwira wokonzedwa motere umagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi tizirombo molingana ndi malangizo otsatirawa:
- kumayambiriro kwa masika, isanayambe maluwa, amachiritsidwa ndi ana a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhomo lachisanu;
- Monga njira yowonetsera zowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a 2-4% a madzi; amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akangaude.
Pofuna kuti mitengoyo ikhale yowonjezera, imadzipangidwanso ndi madzi kuti iwonjezeke pawiri. Pamene kupopera mbewu kupopera kumakhala kutalika kwa nyengo, pamene masamba adakali wobiriwira pamitengo ndi zitsamba, sopo wobiriwira wa zomera amaimitsidwa ndi malangizo mpaka 12 nthawi ndi madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo mitambo kapena madzulo dzuwa likalowa dzuwa litalowa.Monga njira yowononga dzimbiri, phytophtoras, powdery mildew ndi nkhanambo chikhalidwe chawo zimayambitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi pa sopo.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito sopo wobiriwira ku matenda
Sungani sopo wobiriwira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi mankhwala. Monga momwe zilili, sungani sopo wobiriwira: 100ml sopo yowonjezeredwa ku malita 10 a yankho. Mbewu zambiri, pamwamba pa tsamba la masambali ndizopaka sera, zomwe zimalepheretsa kulowa mkati mwa fungicidal kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo, sopo yothetsera imathandizira kutengeka ndi kutaya filimu yoteteza sera. Motero, sopo imalimbikitsa zotsatira za mankhwala ochizira mankhwala. Sopo wobiriwira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mkuwa sulphate motsutsana ndi matenda a fungal. Madzi okwanira khumi - 200 g sopo, 25 g wa vitriol pa malita awiri a madzi, nyimbozo zimasunthidwa padera ndipo kenako zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mankhwalawa amachitidwa kamodzi pamwezi.
Ngati mumathira phulusa la nkhuni limodzi ndi malita 10 a madzi, wiritsani ndipo likhale laola kwa maola atatu, kenaka yikani masentimita 30 a sopo pa osakaniza - mudzalandira feteleza yabwino kwambiri yopangidwa kuchokera ku sopo wobiriwira, monga nkhaka, kabichi ndi ena.
Kuteteza tizilombo ndi sopo wobiriwira
Monga njira yodziyimira ya tizirombo, sopo imathetsedwa m'madzi: 250 ml sopo pa lita khumi za madzi. Kuchitidwa pachigawo choyambirira cha chilondacho komanso ngati njira yothetsera vutoli. Chotsatiracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chomera kupopera mbewu pansi ndi mbali.
Sopo wobiriwira kuchokera ku tizirombo pamaluwa ukugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira malangizo awa: Sopo la 200 g pa 10 malita a madzi, mpaka kupopera katatu pamapakati a mlungu uliwonse. Ndi amphamvu yotupa yankho yothetsera vutoli.
Kuopsa kwa sopo wobiriwira: ngati mankhwalawa ali owopsa kwa anthu
Sopo wobiriwira umakhala wotetezeka kwa anthu, nyama ndi chilengedwe. Panalibe poizoni kapena chifuwa. Mankhwalawa sali poizoni kwa njuchi ndi nthaka. Komabe, sopo wobiriwira umagwiritsa ntchito bwino mbewu zobala zipatso: ndi zofunika kuti muwachitire musanakhale mapangidwe a chipatso, kapena mutatha kukolola.
Zosangalatsa Mawu akuti "sopo" mumveka kunja amachokera ku dzina la phiri lakale la Roma - Sapo. Kwenikweni, sopo yopanga ngati luso linayikidwa bwino kwambiri mu Roma wakale. Sopo la Italy - apere (Aroma anali - sapo), mu French - savon, m'Chingelezi - sopo.
Njira zotetezera ndi thandizo loyamba la poizoni ndi sopo wobiriwira
Ngakhale kuti sopo wobiriwira sali poizoni, malangizo a ntchito yotetezeka adakalipo:
Sopo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati spray, osati mankhwala amkati;- Osagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku (kutsuka);
- ayenera kugwira ntchito ndi yankho, kuteteza manja ndi maso;
- Pambuyo pa ntchito, zipangizo zonse, zida ndi zipangizo ziyenera kusambitsidwa;
- Musapitirire mlingo wa yankho lanu nokha; izi zingakhale ndi zotsatira zosayenera. Gwiritsani ntchito ndi kuchepetsa molingana ndi malangizo a phukusi.
Sopo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati spray, osati mankhwala amkati;Chenjerani! Ngati mugwiritsira ntchito chida cha zomera zamkati monga fetereza, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tetezani nthaka kuzungulira mbiya ndi filimu yochokera ku sopo wobiriwira.Pambuyo pa kukhudzana ndi khungu, tizisambitseni bwino pansi pa madzi ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala othandiza. Ngati wameza, sambani m'mimba ndi njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate ndi madzi ambiri.
Sopo wobiriwira: zinthu zosungirako
Sungani mankhwalawa ayenera kukhala mumdima, wouma, kutali ndi mankhwala, ziweto ndi zinthu. Sopo wobiriwira sayenera kupezeka kwa ana ndi nyama. Malo osungirako, kutentha kwa -10 ° C kufika +35 ° C ndiloledwa. Kusudzulana kosagwiritsidwa ntchito sikusungidwa. Zisamaliro za moyo wa sopo ophera tizilombo kwa zomera - 1-2 zaka.
Mafinya, makamaka kuyamwa, ndiwo chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda opatsirana. Chifukwa cha zotsatira zake, kukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera zimachepetsanso, ngati sizingatengedwe, mbewuyo idzafa basi. Tizilombo timakhala tikugwira ntchito m'nyengo yozizira komanso panthawi ya fruiting yomwe imapangitsa kuti tisagwiritse ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala. Sopo wobiriwira ndi imodzi mwa njira zotetezeka zomwe zingathandize mlimi, wolima ndi wamaluwa.
