Ziphuphu, monga mbewu iliyonse yomwe ikukwera, kuyesa kulumikizidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, kulowa ndi timitengo tawo tating'onoting'ono topezeka munjira timathandizira, kumakwera. Kuthengo, zipatsozi zimazunguliridwa ndi mitengo yobzala. Mukakulitsa nkhaka ngati mbewu zobzalidwa, ma trellise amamangidwa kuti azisamalira ndi kupeza zokolola zambiri. Momwe mungapangire trellis ya nkhaka, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso mtengo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndikupanga kapangidwe kodalirika komanso kolimba, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane.
Ubwino wa Kukula kwa Trellis
Kukula nkhaka pa trellis kumabala zipatso zambiri kuposa kufalitsa. Izi ndichifukwa choti ikayikidwa molunjika, mbewuyo ikhoza kuchotsa "madongosolo" oyamba a matenda m'dothi. Ndipo ngakhale pathogenic spores ndi madzi ikafika pamunsi pamiyendo, sizifalikira mopitilira, kuyanika mwachangu limodzi ndi madontho amame.
Tapestry - kapangidwe kake kamakhala othandizira ndi choyimira, pomwe waya kapena zingwe zimatambasulidwa kuti azilimbitsa mbewu zabwino
Pakakonzedwe kazinthu zopangira, malo opindika opangika nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kupanga ma trellises pogwiritsa ntchito waya wamtopola pafupi ndi khoma, mitengo ndi mipanda.
Ma tapestry angagwiritsidwe ntchito polimitsa nkhaka zonse pobisika komanso m'malo obiriwira. Kukhazikitsa koteroko kuli ndi zabwino zambiri zomwe sizingatsutsidwe, zomwe zazikulu zake ndi:
- Kupulumutsa pamtunda. Bedi, lokhala ndi ma trellises a nkhaka, limatenga malo ochepa, koma limatha kukhalanso ndi zipatso zochulukanso kawiri.
- Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda. Pochotsa kulumikizana kwa tsinde ndi masamba a wakumbe ndi nthaka, ndikosavuta kupewa kuwononga chikhalidwecho ndi peronosporosis ndi powdery mildew.
- Kupititsa patsogolo kwa ntchito zamasamba. Zomera zokhala ndi mpweya wabwino, kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku sikuwonekera kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kulima kwamtondo, mbewuyo imalandira kuwala komanso kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza bwino chitukuko chake.
- Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mbewu. Monga zinachitikira wamaluwa kugwiritsa ntchito trellises akamakula nkhaka zikuwonetsa, ndi chisamaliro choyenera kuchokera pamalo omwe ali ndi malo ochepa okha mamitala 5, mutha kusonkhanitsa mpaka 80 makilogalamu a masamba abwino. Masamba opindika kuchokera ku misempha sakhala opunduka ndipo amakhala ndi utoto wokwanira wofanana.
- Kuthandizira chisamaliro cha mbewu. Kulimbitsa ndodo, a liana amagawanizidwa mofanananira pachithandizo. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri kukonza mbewu zimayambira ndi masamba kuchokera kuzomera, komanso kudyetsa ndi kuthirira.
- Kututa mbewu yoyera. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa mbewu, zipatso zokhwima sizikhudza nthaka yonyowa, zomwe zimachotsa kuwonongeka kwawo.
Ndipo kukolola kuchokera ku trellis kumatenga nthawi yocheperako komanso khama. Pakati pamagawo ofukula ndi malo ndiosavuta kusuntha. Chifukwa cha kufananidwa kwazomera limodzi ndikuthandizira pochotsa zipatsozo, ndikosavuta kupewa kuthekera ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe ake abwino.
Ndikulima mbewu mosadukiza, palibe chifukwa chofufuzira masamba onse ndikuyang'ana chipatso, poti tsinde lomwe limakula mwachangu limatha kufika mamilimita atatu pakulima
Njira yakukulira iyi ndiyothandizanso mwakuti mukatola zipatso zakupsa, khungu la manja silimavulazidwa ndi singano zowonda kwambiri zaminga zazing'ono, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamitengo ya nkhaka.
Mapangidwe apamwamba a trellis
Chithandizo cha trellis cha mpesa zamatango chimatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopanga monga:
- amakona
- lalikulu;
- zithupsa;
- chihema.
Ntchito ya nsanamira zothandizirazo zitha kuchitidwa ndi machubu azitsulo, mitengo ya matabwa kapena zipilala za simenti. Mauna amatha kupanga zingwe zopota za hemp twine, waya wachitsulo kapena pulasitiki wapadera.
Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa, poyesa kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira nyumbayo, amamanga trellis kuchokera pamtengo wachitsulo yomwe imayendetsedwa pansi, pomwe amakokera maukonde a PVC.
Ma mesa a PVC omalizidwa, omwe amagulitsidwa m'minda yamaluwa pa mita, amangoikidwa pazipinda m'mphepete mwa waya ndi waya. Mphepete m'munsi mwa mauna mwaikidwa pansi, kukanikiza ndi mbedza zopangidwa ndi waya wosasunthika.
Msewu woterewu womwe umatha kutulutsa timiyala tambiri titha kusokoneza dzuŵa mwachisawawa: nyemba, rhubarb, chard, arugula, masamba mpiru
Trellis yokongoletsedwa bwino ndi nkhaka idzakhala chokongoletsera choyenera pamalopo, chimagwira ngati chinthu choyambirira chokongoletsera.
Njira zopangira DIY
Pali njira zambiri zopangira trellis yamakaka ndi manja anu. Zonse zimatengera kukula kwa malo omwe adakhazikitsidwa kuti azikonzekera ndi zinthu zomwe zasankhidwa.
Njira # 1 - Wooden Trellis
Zimangotenga maola ochepa kuti mupange trellis yamatabwa. Amazipangira pomwe njere zobzalidwa kale m'nthaka, koma mbande zoyambirira sizinawonekere.
Musanayambe kupanga trellis ya nkhaka, muyenera kusankha mapulani.
Kuyika m'matayala amatabwa kumatha kukhala ngati masitepe okongola okhala ndi matanda okhazikika kapena mawonekedwe otsetsereka a omata
Mulimonsemo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mipando yayitali kwambiri ya trellis iyenera kukhala yamphamvu kuposa ma racks apakati, popeza atenga katundu wazonse. Chifukwa chake, popanga ma trellise okhala ndi kutalika kwa 2.7 m, ndikofunikira kusankha madongosolo azowonjezera othandizira mipiringidzo ndi gawo la 50 mm, komanso kwa apakatikati - 35 mm.
Popanga trellis, yomwe imatha nthawi yoposa umodzi, ndibwino kusankha nkhuni zolimba, mwachitsanzo: mgoza, thundu, mabulosi, phulusa. Matanda a popula, mapulo kapena birch sioyenera kuchita izi, chifukwa ndizambiri zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka. Kuti mukulitse moyo wa zinthu zamatabwa musanazikwire pansi, chivundikirani zigawo za 1-2 ndi mafuta owuma kapena kapangidwe ka antiseptic.
Msewuwu suwoneka wowoneka bwino, pomanga maselo omwe matanda amtunduwu amatenga m'malo olimba otambalala pakati pamatanda a chimango
Ntchitoyi ikuchitika m'magawo angapo:
- Kukhazikitsa kwa zothandizira. Mipanda yothandizira imayendetsedwa kumapeto kwa mabedi amtsogolo, ndikuziyika motalikirana ndi 1.5-2 m Kuti mupeze mawonekedwe okhazikika omwe amatha kupirira katundu wake limodzi ndi mbewu, mizati yomwe ili pansi pa trellis imakumbidwa mpaka kukuya kwa 60 mm.
- Kuteteza zothandizira. Kuti chipangizocho chikhale chopendekeka pang'ono, zopangira zomangira zapakhomakhoma zimayikidwa pakona ka 70 ° pansi padziko lapansi. Anchor zogwirizira ziyenera kuzikika pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe za waya, zomata zomata zomwe zimamangirizidwa ndi ngodya zachitsulo zomwe zimasungidwa pansi pamakona a 90 °.
- Ntchito yomanga chimango. Chiwalo chopingasa chimakhomekeka m'mbali zam'mphepete mwa zokhazikikazo. Idzakhala ngati chimango, chomangirirapo khomalo la njanji zowonda.
- Kuchita kwa crate. Njanji zazing'onoting'ono zolimba mamilimita 30 zimapangidwa m'makina ndi zomata zodzigwetsa kuti ipange maselo olemera masentimita 15. Magawo amatha kupitilizidwa ndi guluu wopanda madzi.
Mukufuna kuti trellis isanyamule chogwira ntchito, komanso ngati chokongoletsera m'mundamo? Kenako lipatseni pulani yoyambirira, yomwe imatha kudulidwa malingana ndi zomwe zimatsalira pamtengowo. Ma arcs ndi zigawo zamapangidwewo ndizosavuta kulumikizana, "kuwabzala" pa guluu ndi zomata, ndipo khwalalalo limalumikizidwa ndi chithandizo pogwiritsa ntchito cholumikizidwa.
Maselo amatha kupangika ngati mpanda kapena chikombole, ngati angafune, crate "ikhoza kulowa" mosavuta "pachimacho, kudula m'mphepete mwa matabwa
Popanga ma trellis mesh kuti ikonzeke pa chimango, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zidutswa, zomwe zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku misomali wamba. Kuti muchite izi, misomali ingapo imakhomerezedwa pamatayala, ndikuiyiyika patali masentimita 40-60. Ngati mukufuna, mitu ya misomali imatha kuwerama pang'ono, ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe a zibowo. Imangofunika kumangirira chingwe chokhachokha kuzungulira bulake lililonse ndikuyikoka molingana ndi pansi, chilonda chakumapeto kwaulemu mpaka kuzungulira chipilala.
Zingwe zopindika zimakokedwa ndi mfundo yomweyo. Kuti apange gridi yokhala ndi maselo, ulusi wopingasa umayamba kulumikizidwa ndi waya wopingasa, kenako malembawo aulere amaponyedwa kuzikhomo zolowetsedwa pansi.
Njira yachiwiri # - kumanga zitsulo
Pomanga mtundu wotere, pamafunika khama lochulukirapo, koma zidzatha zaka zopitilira 12.
Zingwe zopangidwa ndi ndodo zachitsulo zitha kuyikidwa mtunda wamtunda wa 2-4, koma ngati zida zilola, ndiye kuti mitengoyo iyenera kukhazikitsidwa
Kuti mugwire ntchito, muyenera:
- zolimbitsa mipiringidzo ya 180-200 cm;
- chubu chopyapyala cha mtanda wopingasa;
- zikhomo zachitsulo;
- makina owotcherera magetsi;
- kubowola m'munda ndi nyundo;
- waya wachitsulo.
M'malo omwe mabatani othandizira amaikirako, mabowo 35-45 cm akuya amapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi kubowola dimba. Mizati yomwe idayikidwapo m'miyenje imayendetsedwa pansi ndi nyundo. Zina zotsalira pakati pa ndodo ndi makhoma a maenje zimadzazidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndikuyenda molimbika.
Mathandizi olimbirana amalumikizidwa, atagona pamphepete pakati pawo pamlata wopingasa, zitsulo zimalumikizidwa ndi kuwotcherera wamagetsi
Kuti muteteze kapangidwe kake ndi dzimbiri, zinthu zonse ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikupakidwa penti yotsutsana ndi kutu kapena utoto wa mafuta.
Atatha kupanga chimango, amapita kukonzekera ukonde wokhoza kuzungulira. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito waya wachitsulo, womwe umangokokedwa pakati pa nsanja zopingasana ndi zikhomo zachitsulo. Amayikidwa mtunda wa 15-20 cm kuchokera wina ndi mnzake mbali zonse za kama.
Kuti apange zomanga zolimba kwambiri, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito waya womwe umakhala ndi makulidwe osachepera 2 mm. Kuti apange ukonde wopangira ma waya, waya umayikidwa m'mizere ingapo, ndikukoka pakati pa zotengera kuyambira kutalika kwa 15-20 cm ndi theka lililonse mita. Mzere wapambuyo umapangidwa ndi waya wokulirapo (d = 3.5 mm), chifukwa ndiwomwe umanyamula katundu waukulu.
Metal trellis ndi zomangamanga zolemera, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuyendayenda pamalowo nyengo iliyonse, kukwaniritsa bungwe la mbewu. Kuti muchepetse ntchito yanu pakukhazikitsa mu nyengo yotsatira, mutha kudzala nyemba zokhota kapena nandolo.
Njira # 3 - thandizo kuchokera tayala ndi tayala waya
Kuti apange njira yotsika mtengo ya trellis, pamafunika tayala logwiritsidwa ntchito. Adzakhala "mtima" wopangidwayo. Zabwino kwambiri pachifukwa ichi ndi tayara yochokera ku zoyendera zochuluka: thirakitala, wokolola limodzi kapena galimoto. Udindo wothandizidwa ndi gawo lakumwambalo lidzaseweredwa ndi chingwe cha njinga, pomwe ndikofunikira kuti mutulutsire oyamba onse.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, mawonekedwe ooneka ngati mkombero wa njinga amatha kukhala njira yoyambirira yolima komanso yokongoletsera bwino malo
Choyamba, mothandizidwa ndi chopukusira, amadula matayala limodzi. Gawo lodulidwali lidayikidwa m'malo mwa mabedi amtsogolo. Ndodo ziwiri zokhala ndi kutalika kwa 1.5-2 m zimayikidwa pakatikati pa bwalo, ndikuziyika kotero kuti kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi mawonekedwe a nyumba.
Kenako, pakatikati pa bwalo, lomwe mkati mwa chipindacho, ndi mkati mwa matayala odulidwayo, onjezerani dothi lachonde.
Danga lomwe latsalira pamwamba pa gudumu liyenera kukhala "lobisika", lophimbidwa ndi mabatani akale. Mphepete mwa zidutsazo zimangirizika, kubisala pansi tayala pansi, potero kumapangitsa bedi kuwoneka bwino.
Pobowoleza mulitali pamtunda wofanana, mabowo angapo amadulidwa kuti abzale mbande. Kuteteza mbande zachikondi kuti zisasinthike, agrofibre imakokedwa m'mbali mwa mabedi osiyiratu, kuyikweza kokha chifukwa cha kumasula ndi kuthirira. Chotsani chivundikirocho ndi burlap zikamera bwino zitakwanira masentimita 15 mpaka 20, ndipo kutentha komwe kumazungulira kumatha kukhazikika.
Kuti apange malo owongoka, mtengo umayikidwa pakati pa bedi lozungulira, pomwe njinga ya njinga imakhazikika ndi waya. Njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndikumadutsa waya kudzera m'mabowo kuti ma singano azikhala mbali zinayi za mkombero, ndikukulunga ndi ndodo pamwamba pa ndodo.
Kupanga nthiti, zimangokoka waya kudzera m'mabowo a singano m'malo angapo, kulumikizana m'mbali mwammbali ndi pansi pa tayala.
Tchire likaphulika ndi masamba azungulira waya wotambasulidwa, trellis imawoneka ngati hema wobiriwira.
